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((Short description|Family of e-book readers))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2020))
((Infobox Information appliance
| name = Kobo
| logo = Rakuten Kobo logo.svg
| logo_alt = Rakuten Kobo logo
| image =[[File:Kobo Aura.jpg|frameless]]
| caption = [[Kobo Aura]], Kobo's former baseline [[e-reader]]
| manufacturer = [[Kobo Inc.]]
| os =Kobo firmware
| power = Internal [[li-ion]] rechargeable battery
| type =[[e-Reader]]
| website = ((URL |https://www.kobo.com/))))

The '''Kobo eReader''' is an [[e-reader]] produced by [[Toronto]]-based [[Kobo Inc]] (a subsidiary of [[Rakuten]]). The company's name is an [[anagram]] of "book". The original version was released in May 2010 and was marketed as a minimalist alternative to the more expensive [[e-book]] readers available at the time. Like most [[e-reader]]s, the Kobo uses an [[Electronic paper|electronic ink screen]].<ref name = "CBC">((Citation | url = http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2010/03/24/kobo-ebook-reader-indigo.html | place = [[Canada|CA]] | title = Indigo targets Amazon with Kobo e-reader | publisher = CBC | newspaper = News | date = 24 March 2010 | first = Peter | last = Nowak)).</ref> The Arc tablet series, released between 2011 and 2013, was based on LCD technology instead.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|url = http://www.technobuffalo.com/2013/08/28/kobo-arc-7-arc-10hd-and-aura-hands-on/|title = Kobo Arc 7, Arc 10HD and Aura Hands-On|date = 2013-09-28|access-date = 2014-06-04|website = TechnoBuffalo|publisher = TechnoBuffalo LLC|last = Haselton|first = Todd))</ref>

== E-ink devices ==

=== Chronological overview ===

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Legend:
|((legend2|silver|((abbr|Unsupported|Device is discontinued and no longer sold))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
|((legend2|#f8eaba|((abbr|Discontinued|Discontinued older device versions, not currently being sold but still supported.))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
|((legend2|#d4f4b4|((abbr|Current|Current versions of devices being sold.))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Component
! colspan="4" |Display
!Input
! colspan="2" |Storage
!CPU
!Connectivity
!Features / Notes
!Dimensions
!Weight
!Introductory price
!Released
!Battery & RAM
|-
! Model
! Type
! Size
! Resolution
! ppi
!
! Internal
! Expanded
! Make and model
! USB +
!
!
!
!(US$)
!
!
|-
| style="background:silver;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo eReader</span>
|[[Electronic paper|E-ink]]
|6"
|800x600
|170
|[[D-pad|D-Pad]]
|1 GB
|4 GB SD
|
|Bluetooth
|
|
|
|$199
|May 2010
|
|-
| style="background:silver;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo WiFi</span>N289
|E-ink
|6"
|800x600
|170
|D-Pad
|1 GB
|32 GB SD
|Freescale i.MX335
|Wi-Fi
|
|184 × 120 × 10 mm (7.2 × 4.7 × 0.4 in)
|221 g (7.80 oz)
|$199
|October 2010
|
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Touch</span>N905[ BC]
|E-ink Pearl
|6"
|800x600
|170
|[[Touchscreen#Infrared_grid|Infrared touchscreen]]<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6">((cite web |title=6-inch eBook Reader Comparison Table |url=https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ebook-reader-table.html |website=The eBook Reader |access-date=1 September 2021))</ref>
|2 GB
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz
|Wi-Fi
|First touchscreen.
|165 × 114 × 10 mm (6.5 × 4.5 × 0.4 in)
|200 g (7.05 oz)
|$129
|May 2011
|1200mAh
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Glo</span>N613
|E-ink Pearl
|6"
|1024x768
|213
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|2 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |title=Glo Memory Upgrade Mod Guide (With Pictures) - MobileRead Forums |url=https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=209122 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.mobileread.com))</ref>
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|First illuminated display.
|157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in)
|185 g (6.5 oz)
|$129
|September 2012
|
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Mini</span>N705
|E-ink Pearl
|5"
|800x600
|200
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison5">((cite web |title=5-inch eBook Reader Comparison Table |url=https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ereader-comparison.html |website=The eBook Reader |access-date=1 September 2021))</ref>
|2 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |title=Mini Mini Teardown - MobileRead Forums |url=https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=193321 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.mobileread.com))</ref>
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 800 MHz
|Wi-Fi
|
|133 x 102 x 10 mm (5.2 × 4 x 0.4 in)
|134 g (4.73 oz)
|$79
|September 2012
|1000mAh
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura HD</span>N204B
|E-ink Pearl
|6.8"
|1440x1080
|265
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|4 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |title=Aura HD Request for KOBO AURA HD microSD image - MobileRead Forums |url=https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=321560 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.mobileread.com))</ref>
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|
|175.7 x 128.3 x 11.7 mm (6.91 x 5.05 x 0.46 in)
|240 g (8.5 oz)
|$169
|April 2013
|1500mAh
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura</span>N514
|E-ink Pearl
|6"
|1024x768
|213
|[[Touchscreen#Capacitive|Capacitive touchscreen]]<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|4 GB
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|
|150 x 114 x 8.1 mm (5.9 x 5.6 x 0.3 in)
|174 g (6.1 oz)
|$149
|August 2013
|1500mAh
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O</span>N250
|E-ink Carta
|6.8"
|1440x1080
|265
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|4 GB (internal microSD)
|32 GB microSD
|Freescale i.MX507 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|Waterproofed
|179 x 129 x 9.7 mm
|233 g (8.22 oz)
|$179
|October 2014
|1400mAh / 512MB RAM
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Glo HD</span>N437
|E-ink Carta
|6"
|1448x1072
|300
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|4 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |last=Kozlowski |first=Michael |date=2015-04-24 |title=The Kobo Glo HD Has a Hidden SD Card |url=https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/the-kobo-glo-hd-has-an-sd-card |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Good e-Reader |language=en-US))</ref>
|No
|Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|ComfortLight
|157 x 114 x 10 mm (6.2 x 4.5 x 0.4 in)
|180 g (6.3 oz)
|$129
|May 2015
|
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Touch 2.0</span>N587
|E-ink Pearl
|6"
|800x600
|167
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison6" />
|4 GB
|No
|Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|
|157 x 115 x 9.2 mm
|185g
|$61
|September 2015
|
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura Edition 2</span>N236
|E-ink Carta
|6"
|1024x768
|212
|Infrared touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison">((cite web |title=The eBook Reader Comparison Tables |url=https://www.the-ebook-reader.com/ebook-reader-comparison.html |website=The eBook Reader |access-date=1 September 2021))</ref>
|4 GB
|No
|Freescale SoloLite iMX.6 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|
|154.5 x 109 x 8.5 mm
|180g
|$119
|September 2016
|
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura One<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.xataka.com/analisis/kobo-aura-one-analisis-hay-vida-incluso-mejor-despues-del-rey-kindle|title=Kobo Aura One, análisis: hay vida (incluso mejor) después del rey Kindle|first=Javier Penalva y|last=Albertini|date=8 December 2016|website=Xataka))</ref></span>N709
|E-ink Carta
|7.8"
|1872x1404
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison" />
|8 GB
|No
|[[I.MX#SoloLite|Freescale SoloLite i.MX 6 1GHz]]
|Wi-Fi
|Waterproofed,
ComfortLight PRO<ref>((Cite web|url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-aura-one|title=Kobo Aura ONE|last=Store|first=Rakuten Kobo eReader|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store|language=en|access-date=2018-12-12))</ref>
|195.1 x 138.5 x 6.9 mm
|252 g
|$230
|September 2016
|512MB RAM
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O Edition 2</span>N867
|E-ink Carta
|6.8"
|1440x1080
|265
|Capacitive touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison" />
|8 GB (soldered)<ref>((Cite web |last=Hoffelder |first=Nate |date=2017-05-04 |title=Kobo Aura H2O (2017) Teardown Reveals There's No Internal Card Slot |url=https://the-digital-reader.com/kobo-aura-h2o-2017-teardown-reveals-theres-no-internal-card-slot/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=The Digital Reader |language=en-US))</ref>
|No
|Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|Waterproofed,
ComfortLight PRO
|172 x 129 x 8.9 mm
|210g
|$180
|May 2017
|1500mAh / 512MB
|-
| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Clara HD</span>N249
|E-ink Carta
|6"
|1448x1072
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen<ref name="eBookReaderComparison" />
|8 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web | url=https://yingtongli.me/blog/2018/07/29/kobo-sd.html | title=Hacking the Kobo Clara HD – 1: Hacking the internal microSD storage | date=29 July 2018 ))</ref>
|No 
|Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|ComfortLight PRO
|159.6 x 110 x 8.35 mm
|166g
|$119.99
|June 2018
|1500mAh / 512MB
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Forma<ref>((Cite web|url=https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-forma-e-reader-review|title=Kobo Forma e-Reader Review|first=Michael|last=Kozlowski|date=24 October 2018))</ref></span>N782
|E-ink Mobius Carta
|8"
|1920x1440
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen/buttons<ref name="eBookReaderComparison" />
|8 GB or 32 GB
|No
|Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO, Flexible substrate
|160 x 177.7 x 8.5 mm
|197g
|$249.99
|October 2018
|1200mAh / 512MB RAM
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Libra H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name="libra">((Cite web|url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-libra-h2o|title=Kobo Libra H2O|first=Rakuten Kobo eReader|last=Store|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://goodereader.com/blog/reviews/kobo-libra-h2o-review|title=Kobo Libra H2O Review|first=Michael|last=Kozlowski|date=7 September 2019))</ref></span>N873
|E-ink Carta
|7"
|1680x1264
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen/buttons
|8 GB
|No
|Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz
|Wi-Fi
|Waterproofed, ComfortLight PRO
|144 x 159 x 5.0 - 7.8 mm
|192g
|$169.99
|September 2019
|1200mAh / 512MB RAM
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Nia<ref name="niastore">((cite web |title=Kobo Nia |url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-nia |website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store |access-date=16 July 2020 |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last1=Sarkar |first1=Sharmishta |title=Kobo Nia review |url=https://www.techradar.com/uk/reviews/kobo-nia |website=TechRadar |date=15 July 2020 |access-date=16 July 2020 |language=en))</ref></span>N306
|E-ink Carta
|6"
|1024x758
|212
|Capacitive touchscreen
|8 GB
|No
|[[I.MX#i.MX 6 series|Freescale i.MX 6 ULL 900MHz]]
|Wi-Fi
|ComfortLight
|112.4 x 159.3 x 9.2 mm
|172g
|$99.99
|July 2020
|1000mAh / 256MB RAM
|-
|<span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Elipsa<ref name="elipsastore">((cite web|title=Kobo Elipsa|url=https://ca.kobobooks.com/collections/ereaders/products/kobo-elipsa|access-date=24 June 2021|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store|language=en))</ref></span>N604
|E-ink Carta 1200
|10.3"
|1404x1872
|227
|Capacitive touchscreen/Pen
|32 GB
|No
|Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz
|Wi-Fi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, USB-C, Bluetooth (preview)
|ComfortLight
|193 x 227.5 x 7.6 mm
|383g
|$399.99
|June 2021
|2400mAh / 1GB RAM
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Libra 2<ref name="libra2store">((cite web|title=Kobo Libra 2|url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-libra-2|access-date=5 October 2021|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store|language=en))</ref></span>N418
|E-ink Carta 1200
|7"
|1680x1264
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen/buttons
|32 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |title=Libra 2 I changed the sdcard of my Kobo Libra 2 - MobileRead Forums |url=https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=348546 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.mobileread.com))</ref>
|No
|Freescale i.MX6 SLL 1 GHz
|WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C
|Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks
|144.6 x 161.6 x 9 mm
|215g
|$179.99
|October 2021
|1420mAh / 512MB
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Sage<ref name="sagestore">((cite web|title=Kobo Sage|url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-sage|access-date=5 October 2021|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store|language=en))</ref></span>N778
|E-ink Carta 1200
|8"
|1920x1440
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen/buttons/Pen compatible
|32 GB
|No
|Allwinner B300 Quad Core @ 1.8 GHz
|WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C
|Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Dropbox support, Audiobooks
|160.5 x 181.4 x 7.6 mm
|240.8g
|$259.99
|October 2021
|1200mAh
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Clara 2E<ref name="clara2estore">((cite web |title=Kobo Clara 2E |url=https://ca.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-clara-2e |website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store |language=en))</ref></span>N506
|E-ink Carta 1200
|6"
|1448x1072
|300
|Capacitive touchscreen
|16 GB (internal microSD)<ref>((Cite web |last=frtls |date=2022-09-22 |title=Kobo 2E Internal Images - SD Card Confirmed |url=http://www.reddit.com/r/ereader/comments/xl853y/kobo_2e_internal_images_sd_card_confirmed/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=r/ereader))</ref>
|No
|Freescale Solo Lite 1 GHz
|WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n, Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C
|Waterproof, ComfortLight Pro, Dark Mode, Audiobooks
|112.05 x 159.02 x 8.66 mm
|171g
|$129.99
|September 2022
|1500mAh / 512MB RAM
|-
|style="background:#d4f4b4;"| <span style="display:inline-block;width:200px">Kobo Elipsa 2E<ref name="elipsa2estore">((Cite web |title=Kobo Elipsa 2E |url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-elipsa-2e |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store |language=en))</ref></span>N605
|E-ink Carta 1200
|10.3"
|1404x1872
|227
|Capacitive touchscreen/Pen
|32 GB
|No
|MediaTek MT8113 dual-core 2 GHz
|WiFi 802.11 ac/b/g/n (dual band), Bluetooth® wireless technology, and USB-C
|ComfortLight PRO, Dark Mode, Audiobooks
|193 x 227 x 7.5 mm
|390g
|$399.99
|Mid 2023
|2400mAh<ref>((Cite web |author1=Sharmishta Sarkar |date=2023-04-05 |title=Hands on: Kobo Elipsa 2E – stiff competition for the Kindle Scribe |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/kobo-elipsa-2e |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=TechRadar |language=en))</ref> / 1GB
|}

=== Current ===
((Expand section|The expansion of the contents of each subsection|date=May 2021|small=no|period=yes))

====Common attributes====
All Kobo e-readers share a unique pagination system giving users the option to either count and reference pages separately within each chapter or in the book as a whole. Up until an update in January 2022 Kobo readers required connection to the Internet during the initial setup phase and did not work until they were connected to Kobo's servers; however, they now support "sideload mode," which allows the reader to be used without registering it to a Kobo account,<ref>((Cite web|last=Kozlowski|first=Michael|date=2022-01-22|title=Kobo unveils Sideload Mode to their e-readers|url=https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-unveils-sideload-mode-to-their-e-readers|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Good e-Reader|language=en-US))</ref> Kobo e-readers support viewing KEPUB (Kobo's proprietary ebook format based on the [[EPUB]] format), EPUB, [[PDF|Adobe PDF]], [[plain text]], [[HTML]], and unprotected [[Mobipocket]] (MOBI, PRC) e-books. Some also support other formats, such as [[ZIM (file format)|ZIM]], unofficially.

==== Kobo Nia ====
The Kobo Nia was released on 21 July 2020. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display at 1024 x 758 pixels, with a density of 212 ppi.<ref name="niastore"/>

==== Kobo Libra 2 ====

The Libra 2 was released in October 2021. 

The Kobo Sage and Kobo Libra 2 are the first Kobo ereaders to come with Bluetooth support; thus, audiobooks can be played from the e-reader with the use of an external Bluetooth speaker. The Kobo Libra 2 is upgraded with USB-C over the previous standard, Micro-USB. The Libra 2 features a 7-inch E-ink Carta 1200 display with 1680 x 1264 resolution and 300 PPI. It has 32 GB of storage.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/sg/news/kobos-new-ereaders-show-asymmetry-is-here-to-stay-and-were-all-for-it|title = Kobo's new ereaders show asymmetry is here to stay, and we're all for it|date = 5 October 2021))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://goodereader.com/blog/electronic-readers/kobo-libra-2-vs-kindle-paperwhite-5-which-one-is-for-you|title = Kobo Libra 2 vs Kindle Paperwhite 5. Which one is for you?|date = 18 October 2021))</ref>

==== Kobo Forma ====

The Kobo [https://gl.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-forma Forma] was released in November 2018. It has an 8-inch, 300 ppi E-Ink display that can be held by right- and left-handed people, and it can be flipped horizontally. It has physical page up and page down buttons to flip pages.<ref>((cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/11/kobo-forma-review-a-formidable-opponent-for-amazons-kindle-oasis/|title=Kobo Forma review: A formidable opponent for Amazon's Kindle Oasis|first=Valentina|last=Palladino|date=22 November 2018|website=Ars Technica))</ref>

Kobo's website gives the following technical specifications:<ref>((cite web|url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-forma|title=Kobo Forma|first=Rakuten Kobo eReader|last=Store|website=Rakuten Kobo eReader Store))</ref>

*Features: Waterproof IPX8 ((En dash)) up to 60 mins in 2 meters of water
*Screen: 8.0" 300 PPI E Ink Mobius Carta display, 1920 x 1440 resolution, flexible substrate
*Weight: 197 g
*Size: 160 x 177.7 x 8.5 (thickness at gripping area) and 4.2 (thickness at the thinner side)
*Storage: 8 GB or 32 GB
*Front-light: ComfortLight PRO – Adjustable color temperature
*Customizability with 11 different fonts and over 50 font styles with a font weight and sharpness setting
*Supported formats: 14 file formats supported natively (EPUB, EPUB3, PDF, MOBI, JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, TXT, HTML, RTF, CBZ, CBR)
*Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Micro USB
*Battery Life: 1200 mAh, weeks of battery life

==== Kobo Clara 2E ====

The Clara 2E was released in September 2022. It has a 6-inch E-Ink display with 1448 x 1072 resolution and 300 ppi, and the exterior is made with 85% recycled plastics.<ref name="clara2estore"/>

==== Kobo Elipsa 2E ====

The Kobo Elipsa 2E was released on 19 April 2023. It has a 10.3-inch E-Ink display at 1404 x 1872 pixels, with a density of 227 ppi and an updated stylus.<ref name="elipsa2estore"/>

=== Discontinued ===

==== Kobo eReader ====
Kobo Inc. announced its first e-reader on 24 March 2010, at the [[CTIA – The Wireless Association|CTIA]] show.<ref name="CW">((Citation | url = http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9174123/Kobo_announces_149_e_reader_to_be_sold_by_Borders_?taxonomyId=140 | title = Kobo announces $149 e-reader to be sold by Borders | newspaper = Computerworld | first = Matt | last = Hamblen | date = 25 March 2010)).</ref> The device was officially released on 1 May 2010.<ref name="REL">((Citation | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/personal-tech/gadgets/review-homegrown-kobo-hits-the-shelves/article1551370/ | type = review | title = Homegrown Kobo hits the shelves | newspaper = The Globe and Mail | date = 29 April 2010)).</ref> It had expandable memory, holding an additional 4&nbsp;GB via an SD slot and limited wireless connectivity via [[Bluetooth]] to select Blackberry wireless devices. It was available in black or white and came preloaded with 100 public domain books.<ref name="CBC"/> It was manufactured by Netronix Inc.,<ref>((Citation | url = http://fccid.net/number.php?id=500705&fcc=NOIKBN416 | publisher = FCC | title = OET Exhibits List | contribution = Kobo model N416)).</ref> a [[Taiwan]] based company with factories in Taiwan and [[China]].<ref>((Citation|url=http://www.netronixinc.com/aboutnetronix.htm |publisher=Netronix |type=company information |title=About |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105022159/http://www.netronixinc.com/aboutnetronix.htm |archive-date= 5 November 2011 )).</ref>

The pricing strategy of the original Kobo, at US$149, was to rival the [[Amazon Kindle]], which was US$110 more expensive.<ref name="CBC" /> However, in June 2010, just after the Kobo was released, Amazon dropped the price of the Kindle to US$189.<ref name="CNETRevOrig">((cite web|url= http://reviews.cnet.com/e-book-readers/kobo-ereader/4505-3508_7-34027263.html#reviewPage1 | title = Kobo eReader Review | type = video review | publisher = C net | access-date = 19 October 2011))</ref> Its pricing strategy in Australia was similarly aggressive where it was available for A$199, again A$100 less than the Kindle.<ref name = "itNews">((cite web | place = [[Australia|AU]] | url = http://www.itnews.com.au/News/174625,borders-to-sell-kobo-e-book-reader-for-199.aspx |title=Borders to sell Kobo e-Book reader for A$199 | last =Bhatt | first = Neerav |date= 13 May 2010 |publisher= iTnews | access-date = 17 January 2011))</ref> [[Borders Group|Borders]] Australia said that they hoped to sell high volumes of the Kobo to drive up sales at their e-content store.<ref name="itNews" />

The original Kobo received a mediocre review from [[CNET]], which said that, while the Kobo was compact, lightweight and affordable, the lack of [[Wi-Fi]] or [[3G]] made it outdated, especially when there were similarly priced eReaders available with those features.<ref name="CNETRevOrig" />

In December 2010, the original Kobo's feature set was updated with a firmware update to more closely match the Wifi model.<ref>((cite web|last=Geier|first=K.|title=Customers with the original Kobo eReader we are happy to announce that Newspapers and Magazines Now Available!| url= http://blog.kobobooks.com/2010/12/14/customers-with-the-original-kobo-ereader-we-are-happy-to-announce-that-newspapers-and-magazines-now-available/ | work= Blog | publisher =Kobo | access-date =27 May 2011))</ref>

==== Kobo Wi-Fi ====
A new model with [[Wi-Fi]] capability was released on 15 October 2010. It included an improved processor, screen, and new colour choices (porcelain/metallic silver, porcelain/pearlized lilac, and onyx). The SD expansion had been improved to claim a capacity for up to 10,000 books with a 32 GB SD card.<ref name="koboereader.com">((cite web | url = http://koboereader.com/cad/kobo-e-reader-features | work = Ereader | title = Features | publisher = Kobo | access-date = 17 January 2011))</ref> Other improvements included a longer battery life and a built-in dictionary.<ref name="Mobile Magazine">((cite web | url = http://www.mobilemag.com/2010/09/29/kobo-wifi-edition-is-cheaper-faster-and-sharper/ | title = Kobo WiFi edition is cheaper, faster and sharper | last =Pilato | first = Fabrizio |date=29 September 2010 | publisher =Mobile Magazine |access-date=17 January 2011))</ref>

Like the original model, the Wi-Fi model came pre-loaded with 100 public domain books.<ref name = "koboereader.com" />

==== Kobo Touch ====
((main article |Kobo Touch))
The [[Kobo Touch]] was released in June 2011.<ref name="gizmag">((cite web|url = http://www.gizmag.com/kobo-ereader-touch-edition/18712/ | title = Kobo launches new e-Reader Touch edition| last = Ridden | first =Paul|date=25 May 2011| work =Gizmag|access-date= 26 May 2011))</ref> It introduced an infrared 6-inch touchscreen interface. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Wi-Fi included an E Ink Pearl screen, a faster processor capable of PDF panning, [[802.11n]] capability, and reduced size and weight.<ref>((cite web| title= eReader Touch Specs | url = http://kobobooks.com/touch_tech | work = Books | publisher = Kobo | access-date = 27 May 2011))</ref>

==== Kobo Glo ====
((main article |Kobo Glo))
The Kobo Glo is an e-reader released on 6 September 2012. It is a front-lit, touch-based E Ink reader.<ref name="KArc">((cite web|url=http://blog.kobobooks.com/welcome-the-new-kobo-family-of-devices-%E2%80%93-an-ereader-for-everyone/ |title=Welcome the New Kobo Family of Devices – An eReader for Everyone! |date=6 September 2012 |publisher=[[Kobo Inc.|Kobo]] |access-date=6 September 2012 |location=[[Toronto]] |archive-date= 10 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910015029/http://blog.kobobooks.com/welcome-the-new-kobo-family-of-devices-%E2%80%93-an-ereader-for-everyone/ |url-status=dead ))</ref> The Kobo Glo supports most ebook standards, including [[EPUB]]. It has a 6-inch touchscreen, 1024 × 768 resolution, 213 [[Pixel density|ppi]], 6.53&nbsp;oz, 2 GB of storage, and supports [[microSD]].<ref>((Citation | contribution = Specs | contribution-url = http://gdgt.com/kobo/glo/specs/ | title = Kobo Glo | publisher = Gdgt)).</ref>

==== Kobo Mini ====
((main article |Kobo Mini))
The Kobo Mini is smaller, at 5-inch, and lighter than standard ebook readers. It was released on 6 September 2012. It has 2 GB internal storage and Wi-Fi. The 5" [[E Ink]] Vizplex screen has a resolution of 800 x 600 with 200 [[Pixel density|ppi]].

==== Kobo Aura ====
((main article |Kobo Aura ))
The Kobo Aura is the baseline e-reader with a 6-inch [[E Ink]] ClarityScreen display with 1024 × 768 resolution, 16-level grey scale, and a built-in LED front-light. It has 4 GB storage, weighs 173g (6.1&nbsp;oz), has two months of battery life, a Freescale i.MX507 1&nbsp;GHz processor, and a microSD expansion slot.<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.kobo.com/koboaura#techspecs/ | publisher = Kobo | title = Tech specs | work = Aura))</ref><ref>((cite web |date=Aug 2013 | url = https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/08/kobos-new-tablets-compete-with-googles-nexuses-on-price-specs/ | title = Kobo's new tablets compete with Google's Nexuses on price, specs | publisher=Ars Technica | access-date=29 August 2013))</ref> It was released in September 2013.<ref name=":0" />

==== Kobo Aura HD ====
((main article |Kobo Aura HD))
The Aura HD was a limited-edition device, released on 25 April 2013, with a 6.8-inch E Ink display, with a high resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265 ppi.<ref>((cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/04/kobo-crams-1-5-million-pixels-into-its-6-8-aura-hd-e-reader/ | title = Kobo crams 1.5 million pixels into its 6.8" Aura HD e-reader | date = 15 April 2013 | publisher= Ars Technica | access-date = 2013-04-16))</ref> It is 8.47&nbsp;oz and has a microSD expansion slot. Other improvements compared to the Kobo Touch included a built-in "ComfortLight" LED light, a faster processor (1&nbsp;GHz), twice the onboard storage (4 GB), and twice the battery life (estimated at two months).

==== Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O ====
The Aura H<sub>2</sub>O, released on 1 October 2014, is the second commercial waterproof e-reader. It has an upgraded version of the Aura HD's 6.8-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1440 × 1080 with 265&nbsp;ppi.<ref>((cite web | url = https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/04/kobo-crams-1-5-million-pixels-into-its-6-8-aura-hd-e-reader/ | title = Kobo crams 1.5 million pixels into its 6.8" Aura H2O e-reader | date = April 2016 | publisher= Ars Technica | access-date = 2013-04-16))</ref> While its screen is improved over the Aura HD, it contains the same processor, on-board storage, and software as the Aura HD, and has dust/waterproofing – certified to be immersed for up to 30 minutes in up to 1 meter of water with its port cover closed.<ref>((cite web | url = http://www.kobo.com/koboaurah2o#techspecs | title = Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O Technical Specs | publisher= Rakuten | work = Kobo | access-date = 2014-10-01))</ref>

==== Kobo Glo HD ====
The Kobo Glo HD, released on 1 May 2015, is an e-reader with an E Ink Carta screen and is the successor to 2012's Glo. It has a 6-inch screen in a resolution of 1448 × 1072, or 300 ppi, matching the resolution of the [[Kindle Voyage]].

==== Kobo Touch 2.0 ====
The Kobo Touch 2.0 was released on 8 September 2015, as an entry level e-reader<ref>[http://goodereader.com/blog/e-reader/kobo-touch-2-0-e-reader-review  ‘Kobo Touch 2.0 e-Reader Review’], ''Good ereader'', 8 September 2015.</ref> with an E Ink Pearl 6-inch display with a resolution of 800×600 and 167 ppi. The exterior is similar in appearance to the Kobo Glo HD and it has a 1&nbsp;GHz Freescale i.MX6 Solo Lite Processor and 4 GB of internal storage.

==== Kobo Clara HD ====

The Clara HD was released on 5 June 2018.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://news.kobo.com/news-releases/rakuten-kobo-launches-kobo-clara-hd-its-newest-entry-level-feature-rich-ereader|title=Rakuten Kobo Launches Kobo Clara HD: Its Newest Entry-Level, Feature-Rich eReader|last=Kobo|website=Kobo|language=en-us|access-date=2019-01-05))</ref> It has a 6-inch, 300 ppi screen.<ref>((cite web |title=Kobo Clara HD - Rakuten Kobo eReader Store |url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-clara-hd|website=Kobo|language=en-us |access-date=8 October 2019))</ref>

==== Kobo Aura One ====
The Kobo Aura One was released on 6 September 2016, and it is the first e-reader with a 7.8-inch E Ink Carta HD waterproof [[touchscreen]] display with a 300 ppi screen.<ref>[http://the-digital-reader.com/2016/08/09/kobo-aura-one-leaks-300-ppi-7-8-e-ink-screen-229-euros/  ‘Kobo Aura One Leaks, Has a 300 PPI 7.8″ E-ink Screen for 229 Euros’], ''The Digital Reader'', 2016-8-9, retrieved 15 August 2016.</ref> The Aura One weighs 252 grams and measures 195 by 138.5 by 6.9&nbsp;mm. It has Wi-Fi, 8 GB internal storage, and 512&nbsp;MB RAM.  The Aura One is lit by nine white LEDs and eight [[RGB color model|RGB]] LEDs around the frame. The additional RGB LEDs allow the device to have a night reading mode that limits the blue light that comes from white LEDs.<ref>[http://the-digital-reader.com/2016/08/17/hands-kobo-aura-one-night-mode-video/#comment-1129790  ‘Hands On With Kobo Aura One Night Mode (video)’], ''The Digital Reader'', 2016-8-17, retrieved 18 August 2016.</ref> The Aura One was the first Kobo eReader with built-in [[OverDrive, Inc.|OverDrive]] support.<ref>[https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-aura-one ‘Get connected to your local public library right from your Kobo Aura ONE with built-in OverDrive‘] ''Kobo''.</ref>

==== Kobo Aura Edition 2 ====
The Kobo Aura Edition 2 was released with the Kobo Aura One in September 2016 as "a refreshed version of a beloved classic".<ref>[http://news.kobo.com/press/releases/announcing-kobo-aura-one:-a-breakthrough-waterproof-ereader-designed-with-the-help-of-real-booklovers  ‘Announcing Kobo Aura One: A breakthrough waterproof ereader designed with the help of real book lovers’], ''Kobo'', Rakuten, August 2016.</ref> It has a 6-inch E Ink Carta display with a resolution of 1024 × 768 at 212 ppi. The exterior styling is similar to the Kobo Aura One. Unlike the original Kobo Aura, there is no MicroSD slot. The specifications are otherwise similar to the original Kobo Aura.

==== Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O Edition 2 ====
The Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O Edition 2 was released in May 2017.<ref>((cite news |last1=Kiran |first1=Rao |title=Kobo Libra H2O cheaper but better than Kindle Oasis |url=https://lookgadgets.com/rakunten-announces-kobo-libra-h20/ |access-date=20 September 2019 |work=LookGadgets |date=8 September 2019))</ref> It has a 6.8-inch E Ink HD Carta waterproof [[IP Code|IPX8]] display at 265 ppi.<ref>((cite web |url=https://us.kobobooks.com/products/kobo-aura-h2o-edition-2|title= Kobo Aura H<sub>2</sub>O Edition 2| publisher = Rakuten | website = Kobo eReader Store))</ref> Its LED light, called the "ComfortLight PRO", can automatically reduce blue-light exposure during the night to lower the screen's effect on sleep.<ref>((cite web | date = 2017-05-02 |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/2/15520900/kobo-aura-h20-smaller-cheaper-e-reader|title= Kobo's new Aura H<sub>2</sub>O is a smaller, cheaper version of its best e-reader | work = The verge))</ref>

==== Kobo Libra H<sub>2</sub>O ====
Kobo Libra H<sub>2</sub>O was released on 15 September 2019.<ref name="libra"/>

The Libra features a 7-inch E Ink Carta HD display with a resolution of 1,680 x 1,264 and 300 PPI.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://goodereader.com/blog/reviews/kobo-libra-h2o-review|title = Kobo Libra H2O Review|date = 7 September 2019))</ref>


== Market share ==
((update section|date=March 2018))

=== Global ===
((bar box
|width=300px
|title=Global e-book readers shipment in 2015<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/ereader-market-share-2019-global-industry-size-growth-trend-demand-top-players-opportunities-and-forecast-to-2025-2019-10-21|title=eReader Market Share 2019 Global Industry Size, Growth, Trend, Demand, Top Players, Opportunities and Forecast to 2025|website=MarketWatch|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07))((Dead link |date=November 2023 |fix-attempted=yes))</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1='''Sellers'''
|right1='''Percent'''
|bars=
((bar percent|Kobo|DarkCyan|13.11)) 
((bar percent|[[Amazon Kindle|Amazon]]|Orange|53.30))
((bar percent|[[PocketBook International|PocketBook]]|Blue|9.02))
))

=== Canada ===
The Kobo e-reading platform was, as of January 2012, the best-selling in Canada. Research firm [[Ipsos-Reid]] estimating that Kobo e-readers represented 46% of the Canadian market.<ref name="Ipsos-2012-06" />

((bar box
|width=300px
|title=Market share of e-readers in Canada by Ipsos Reid at January 2012<ref name="Ipsos-2012-06">((cite web |last = Barbour |first = Mary Beth |url = http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=5596 |title = Latest Wave of Ipsos Study Reveals Mobile Device Brands Canadian Consumers are Considering in 2012 |publisher = Ipsos Reid |date = 2012-04-19 |access-date = 2012-06-04))</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1='''Sellers'''
|right1='''Percent'''
|bars=
((bar percent|Kobo|DarkCyan|46.0)) 
((bar percent|[[Amazon Kindle|Amazon]]|Orange|24.0))
((bar percent|[[Sony Reader|Sony]]|Red|18.0))
((bar percent|[[Comparison of e-book readers|Others]]|Pink|12.0))
))

=== France ===
As of spring 2012, Kobo had 50% of the market share in France.<ref>((cite news| work = [[Publishers Weekly]] | first = Calvin | last= Reid| date = 2012-04-20| url = http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/retailing/article/51625-with-more-funding-kobo-steps-up.html |title=With More Funding, Kobo Steps Up|access-date = 2012-06-04))</ref>

=== Other countries ===
In August 2013, Kobo was the second largest ebook retailer in Japan, and ''[[Forbes]]'' estimated it at 3% of the market share in the United States.<ref name="forbes1">((cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeremygreenfield/2013/08/28/taking-another-look-at-ebook-upstart-kobo/ |title= Taking Another Look at Ebook Upstart Kobo | work =Forbes |date=2013-08-14 |access-date= 2013-08-29))</ref>

((Section citations needed|date=May 2021))

== Selected subsidiaries ==
In October 2012, Kobo Inc. acquired the digital publishing platform [[Aquafadas]] to increase the content available on its e-reader devices.<ref>((cite web|url=http://blog.aquafadas.com/events-news/kobo-acquiert-aquafadas-press-release/|title=Kobo acquires Aquafadas|work=Aquafadas Blog|date=10 October 2012))</ref>

== Software ==
Alternative, open source firmware is available for the Kobo eReader family. This includes KoReader.

KoReader provides numerous benefits and functionalities that can enhance the e-reading experience. Some of its noteworthy features include:

* Advanced typesetting capabilities, including support for custom fonts and fine-tuning of line-spacing and margins.
* Extensive file format support, including EPUB, PDF, DJVU, MOBI, FB2, TXT, HTML, and more.
* Reader-centric functionality such as built-in dictionary lookup, translation tools, and Wikipedia integration for quick reference.
* Customizable gesture controls and physical button remapping options.
* Night mode with adjustable frontlight settings and a blue light filter for comfortable nighttime reading.
* Synchronization capabilities with cloud services enabling users to sync reading positions across multiple devices.
* Open-source plugins that add functionality like news downloading and RSS reading.<ref>((Cite web |title=KOReader |url=https://koreader.rocks/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=koreader.rocks))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Comparison of e-book readers]]
* [[Comparison of tablet computers]]
* [[Amazon Kindle]]
* [[Barnes & Noble Nook]]
* [[Sony Reader]]
* [[Calibre (software)|Calibre]] – open source software to manage a digital library with support of conversion between common e-book formats

==References==
((reflist |32em))

==External links==
((Commons category))
* ((Official website |https://www.kobo.com/))

((Kobo))
((Ebooks))
((E-book digital distribution platforms))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kobo eReader))
[[Category:Dedicated ebook devices]]
[[Category:Electronic paper technology]]
[[Category:Kobo Inc.|eReader]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 2010]]

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