| Preceding syntactic element
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Example sentence
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Translation
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(n-)eun 은/는
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Used as a topic particle or a subject particle. Eun 은 is used following a consonant, Neun 는 is used following a vowel.
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| Nouns (topic)
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Naneun haksaengida.
나는 학생이다. |
I am a student.
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| Nouns (topic)
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Igeoseun yeonpirida.
이것은 연필이다. |
This is a pencil.
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| Nouns (genericized nominative)
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Chitaneun ppareuda.
치타는 빠르다. |
Cheetahs are fast.
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| Nouns (topic)
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Jeoneun jjajangmyeon juseyo.
저는 짜장면 주세요. |
I'd like a jajangmyeon.
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i/ga 이/가
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Used as an identifier or subject particle to indicate the nominative case. I 이 is used following a consonant, Ga 가 is used following a vowel.
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| Nouns (agent)
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Naega masyeotda.
내가 마셨다. |
I drank.
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| Nouns (identifier)
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Jeogeosi Han-gang-iya.
저것이 한강이야. |
That is the Han River.
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| Nouns (specific nominative)
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Chitaga neurida.
치타가 느리다. |
This cheetah is slow.
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kkeseo 께서
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The honorific nominative marker. It could be added to Neun, Do, and Man to form 께서는 (topic), 께서도 (too/also), and 께서만 (only), respectively, which are the respective honorific forms.
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| Nouns
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Seonsaengnimkkeseo osyeotda.
선생님께서 오셨다. |
(The) teacher arrived .
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(r-)eul 을/를
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Used as an object particle to indicate the accusative case. Eul 을 is used following a consonant, Reul 를 is used following a vowel.
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| Nouns (objective)
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Naneun ramyeoneul meogeotda.
나는 라면을 먹었다. |
I ate ramen.
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ege/hante 에게/한테
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Used as a dative particle. Ege 에게 is the literary form, and Hante 한테 is the colloquial form.
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| Noun
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Neohuiege hal mari itda.
너희에게 할 말이 있다. |
I have something to tell you.
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kke 께
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Kke 께 is the honorific dative marker.
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| Noun
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Goyongjukke seonmureul deuryeotda.
고용주께 선물을 드렸다. |
I gave a gift to my employer.
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(eu)ro 으로/로
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Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role. Euro 으로 is used following a consonant other than 'ㄹ', which is abbreviated to Ro 로 following a vowel or the consonant 'ㄹ'.
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| Noun (means)
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KTX-ro Seoureseo Busankkaji se sigan geollinda.
KTX로 서울에서 부산까지 3시간 걸린다. |
It takes 3 hours to go from Seoul to Busan via KTX.
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| Noun (destination)
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Naeil Hojuro tteonamnida.
내일 호주로 떠납니다. |
I am leaving for Australia tomorrow.
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| Noun (role)
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Unjeonsaro chwijikhaeyo.
운전사로 취직해요. |
I'm going to be working as a driver.
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e 에
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Used for any words relating to time or place. Sometimes used for cause.
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| Time (noun)
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Maikeureun parweore watda.
마이클은 8월에 왔다. |
Michael came in August.
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| Location (noun)
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Jedongeun ilbone gatda.
제동은 일본에 갔다. |
Jedong went to Japan.
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| Cause (noun)
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Jamyeongjong sorie kkaetta
자명종 소리에 깼다. |
Woke up by the sound of the alarm.
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eseo 에서
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Translates to: "from" (ablative) when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" (locative) when used with an action verb which is not motion related.
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| Noun (from)
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Junggugeseo wasseo.
중국에서 왔어. |
I came from China.
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| Noun (in)
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Bang-eseo gongbu-reul haet-da.
방에서 공부를 했다. |
I studied in my room.
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buteo 부터
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Translates to: Used to show when or where an action or situation started. (Egressive)
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| Noun
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Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji
처음부터 끝까지 |
From beginning to end
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kkaji 까지
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Translates to: Used to illustrate the extent of an action, either in location or time, generally meaning "until", "up to". (Terminative)
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| Noun
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Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji
처음부터 끝까지 |
From beginning to end
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man 만
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Translates to: "only", used after a noun.
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| Noun
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Ojik jeimseu-man hangugeo-reul gongbu-haet-da.
오직 제임스만 한국어를 공부했다. |
Only James studied Korean.
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ui 의
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Functions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker.
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| Noun: possession
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Migugui daetongryeong
미국의 대통령 |
President of the United States
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do 도
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Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, see ttohan 또한.
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| Nouns
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Geunyeodo gongbuhanda.
그녀도 공부한다. |
She studies too.
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(g)wa/rang 과/와/랑
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Translates to: "and" (conjunction); "with" or "as with" (preposition). Gwa 과 is used following a consonant, Wa 와 is used following a vowel. Wa 와 is the literary form, and rang 랑 is the colloquial form.
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| Nouns: conjunction
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Neowa na
너와 나 |
You and I
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(y)a 아/야
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The vocative marker. A 아 is used following a consonant, Ya 야 is used following a vowel.
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| Noun
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Minsuya!
민수야! |
Minsu!
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(i)yeo 이여/여
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The vocative marker, with added nuance of exclamation. Iyeo 이여 is used following a consonant, Yeo 여 is used following a vowel.
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| Noun
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Naui georukhasin gusejuyeo.
나의 거룩하신 구세주여. |
O my divine Redeemer.
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