The club's name derived from the androgynous title character of a comic strip that was popular at the time,[6] and this namesake communicated that the venue catered to clientele of all sexual persuasions, including polysexual and homosexual patrons.[7] Due to this inclusive policy, the secluded venue became a rendezvous spot for Washington, D.C.'s gay community who could meet without fear of exposure.[8] By 1922, the Kat's libertine denizens were known for their unapologetic embrace of free love ("unrestricted impulse"),[9] and municipal authorities publicly identified the venue as a den of vice.[1]
Over time, the club became one of the most vogue locations for Washington's cultural elites to mingle.[10] Contemporary sources alleged that, during the second term of President Woodrow Wilson's administration, the club's habitués included federal government employees as well as possibly members of the U.S. Congress.[11] After existing for over half-a-decade and surviving numerous police raids,[12] the club presumably closed at an indeterminate date prior to 1928 when Throckmorton relocated to Hoboken, New Jersey.[13] Today, the club's neighborhood is the site of The Green Lantern, a D.C. gay bar.[14]
Location
Relaxing in the club's tree-house cafe, July 15, 1921. No photograph of club's indoor dining area—the speakeasy itself—is known to exist.
Situated at No. 3 Green Court (38°54′14″N77°01′52″W / 38.904°N 77.031°W / 38.904; -77.031) near Washington, D.C.'s Thomas Circle, the Krazy Kat Klub was in an economically-depressed urban area colloquially known as the Latin Quarter.[15] Its inconspicuous entrance was in a narrow alley that led out to Massachusetts Avenue.[16] During 1921, the entrance door bore a rectangular hand-painted sign that read "Syne of Ye Krazy Kat" [sic] and featured a black cat that resembled Krazy Kat being hit by a brick.[17] A chalk-inscribed message adorned the top of the door that warned: "All soap abandon ye who enter here".[18] The club's open hours were advertised as "9 p.m. to 12:30".[10]
The club's unphotographed indoor dining area was situated on a second-floor of an old livestock stable.[19] Upon entering via the alleyway, patrons crossed "a lumber-littered room" and ascended a "narrow winding staircase" to reach "a smoke-filled, dimly lighted room that was fairly well filled with laughing, noisy people, who seemed to be having just the best time in the world, with no one to see and no one to care who saw".[19] Rife with cobwebs, the indoor dining area had "futurist pictures on the walls, small wooden tables, rickety chairs, and candles for light".[20] The club's premises included both an indoor dance floor and an outdoor courtyard for al fresco dining and art exhibitions. The courtyard featured a small rustic tree-house, accessible via a wooden twelve-step ladder.[21]
History
The club was named after the androgynous cartoon character Krazy Kat.[22] This namesake signaled to gay persons in Washington, D.C, that the venue was sexually inclusive.[23]
On March 3, 1917, the controversial passage of the Sheppard Bone-Dry Act directly led to the closure of 267 barrooms and nearly 90 wholesale establishments in the District of Columbia.[24] Over 2,000 employees in D.C. barrooms and wholesale establishments were thrown out of work, and the district lost nearly half-a-million dollars per year in tax revenues.[24] In the wake of this draconian bill, underground speakeasies such as the Krazy Kat Klub and others soon flourished.[25]
Circa 1919, artist Cleon Throckmorton founded the Krazy Kat Klub after he had completed his engineering studies at George Washington University.[26] By day, Throckmorton was an associate of the drama department at Howard University, a historically black college.[27] By night, he ran the raucous speakeasy in the Latin Quarter.[28] He shared ownership of the venue with co-proprietors John Don Allen and John Stiffen.[1] A pre-Raphaeliteimpressionist, Throckmorton believed that artists should pursue their vocation day and night by surrounding themselves with appropriate settings that inspired creativity, and the venue fulfilled that purpose.[10]
Due to its courtyard and tree-house, the establishment became an idyllic haunt for artists, bohemians, flappers, and other free-wheeling "young moderns" during the Jazz Age.[9] A frequent club habitué was Throckmorton's first wife Katherine "Kat" Mullen, a model and sketch artist known for her radio performances as a singer and ukulele player with the Crandall Saturday Nighters.[29]
By 1920, the speakeasy was already renowned for its riotous live performances of hot jazz music which occasionally degenerated into violence and mayhem.[30] A crime reporter for The Washington Post described the Krazy Kat Klub as being "something like a Greenwich Villagecoffee house", featuring gaudy pictures painted by futurists and impressionists.[31] According to the Washington City Paper, The Kat clandestinely functioned as an underground nexus for Washington, D.C.'s gay community.[14]Jeb Alexander, a gay Washington, D.C. resident, described the transgressive venue in his secret personal diary as a "bohemian joint in an old stable up near Thomas Circle... [a gathering place for] artists, musicians, atheists [and] professors".[32] Writer Victor Flambeau described the club in a February 1922 article for The Washington Times:
"A hidden haunt where one might find in comradeship those divine, congenial devils, art inspired and mad, no doubt, who have renounced the commercial world with its seductive wealth, to gain in solitude or blithe companionship another kind of wealth and fame in self-expression.... When the hours wane, and the candles burn low, and the big fire glows, and over the cigarettes and the cider, the coffee and sandwiches, what do they chat of, these men and women, boys and girls, the would-be writers, painters, poets of tomorrow?"[9]
Flappers wearing the rolled stockings and low heels characteristic of the era's fashion.[33]
Over time, the Krazy Kat Klub became one of the most vogue locations for Washington's intelligentsia and aesthetes to congregate.[10] According to Throckmorton, the avant-garde venue "proved not only a club for artists, but a source of supply for musicians and playwrights", and he claimed that several plays were written on its premises.[34] Flambeau noted that, by 1922, "in imitation of the Krazy Kat, other bohemian restaurants sprang up in Washington to supply the demand" such as the Silver Sea Horse and Carcassonne in Georgetown.[35]
During its tumultuous half-decade existence, municipal authorities repeatedly declared The Kat to be a "disorderly house" (a euphemism for a brothel), and the metropolitan police raided the establishment on several occasions during the Prohibition period.[12] One particular raid in February 1919 interrupted a violent brawl inside the club, during which a gunshot was fired.[1] The surprise raid resulted in the arrests of 25 krazy kats—22 men and 3 women—described in a Washington Post report of February 22 as "self-styled artists, poets and actors".[12] The article specifically noted that several arrested patrons "worked for the [federal] government by day and masqueraded as Bohemians by night".[12]
"Cleon Throckmorton: Extension of Remarks of Hon. Harrison A. Williams, Jr. of New Jersey in the Senate of the United States". Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress. Vol. 112 (Part 24). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office. February 4, 1966. pp. A531–A532.
"Engagements: Brenon–Throckmorton". The New York Times. New York City. May 1, 1927. p. E7. Retrieved October 8, 2020. Mrs. Algernon St. John Brenon of the Hotel Iroquois has announced the engagement of her younger daughter, Miss Juliet Brenon, to Cleon Throckmorton of Washington, D.C., and this city. Miss Brenon is the daughter of the late A. St. John Brenon, who was well known in New York and Europe as a music critic.
"Throckmorton Scenic Artist of Real Skill". The Washington Times (Sunday ed.). Washington, D.C. December 11, 1921. p. D9. Cleon Throckmorton, well known Washingtonian and founder of the Crazy Kat Restaurant, is rapidly acquiring a reputation as a scene designer of parts through his association with the Provincetown Players of New York.
Alderman, Tim (May 2, 2020). "Gay History: A Gay Old Kat". timalderman.com. Retrieved October 4, 2020. The clientele included college kids, flappers and gays.... The club was named after the comic strip Krazy Kat (who can be seen on the door sign in the photo above). Krazy was the first androgynous hero(ine) of the comics: sometimes Krazy was a he, sometimes a she. As creator George Herriman stated, Krazy was willing to be either.
Baek, Raphaella (January 24, 2014). "Did Washington's gay bars open as gay bars?". Washington City Paper. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 4, 2020. In the early 20th century, a speakeasy treehouse called Krazy Kat Klub operated right across from the present-day Green Lantern, at what was then No. 3 Green Court, and served as a rendezvous spot for D.C.'s early gay community.
Bellot, Gabrielle (January 19, 2017). "The Gender Fluidity of Krazy Kat". The New Yorker. New York City. Retrieved October 4, 2020. In an era when books depicting homosexuality and gender nonconformity could lead to charges of obscenity, 'Krazy Kat,' Tisserand notes, featured a gender-shifting protagonist who was in love with a male character.... A well-known bohemian bar in Washington, D.C., that welcomed queer customers seemed to acknowledge the strip's anarchic queerness by naming itself Krazy Kat.
Ditta, Joseph (February 16, 2018). "Guide to the Aileen St. John-Brenon Papers (1920-1947 )". New-York Historical Society Museum & Library. Retrieved October 4, 2020. Aileen's grandfather was the English dramatic critic Edward St. John-Brenon. Her uncle, Herbert Brenon (1880–1958), was a motion picture director perhaps best known for the silent films Peter Pan (1924) and Beau Geste (1926). Aileen's younger sister, Juliet St. John-Brenon (1895–1979), was an actress who appeared in some of their Uncle Herbert's films. Juliet married well-known set designer Cleon "Throck" Throckmorton (1897-1965), who maintained an active studio in bohemian Greenwich Village.
![Flappers wearing the rolled stockings and low heels characteristic of the era's fashion.[33]](/en/File:Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04659.jpg)
![A model, likely Katherine "Kat" Mullen,[9] poses for Cleon to paint](/en/File:Krazy_Kat_LOC_npcc.04656.jpg)
