Fraternity pin; the letters NECSJA are engraved. These indicated the society's motto: Nil ego contulerim sanus jucundo amico ("Nothing can I prefer, when sane, to a companionable friend", Horace).[1][2]
Badge of the Kuklos Adelphon fraternity circa 1850s

Kuklos Adelphon was a fraternity founded at the University of North Carolina in 1812. It was also known as old Kappa Alpha, K.A., Kappa Alpha, Circle of Brothers and the Alpha Society.[3][4] Its name derives from Ancient Greek Κύκλος Ἀδελφών, meaning "Circle of Brothers." The organization quickly expanded throughout the Southern United States, not only on college campuses but also cities where alumni settled. The society began to decline during the 1850s and disappeared altogether after the Civil War.[5]

The group was at its height, as far as its collegiate presence was concerned, by the spring of 1855, when local college politics at the University of Alabama caused a rift at its chapter there. A minority faction of the chapter disclosed the secrets of the order, leading to chapter dissolution, as well as chapters at other institutions. In 1858 the chapter at the University of South Carolina led a reorganization of the order and it was reconstituted as Phi Mu Omicron, but this order did not outlast the Civil War either. The last Kuklos Adelphon chapter proper, that at the University of North Carolina, dissolved in 1866.[6]

John Lester, a founder of the Ku Klux Klan, claimed that the Klan's initiation ritual was based on a popular collegiate fraternal order, and it has been speculated by Allen Trelease that "Kuklos Adelphon almost certainly provided the model" for the early Klan.[7] In disagreement, Albert Stevens in his Cyclopaedia of Fraternities (1907), a more contemporary reference document to the date for the founding, declares the Klan took portions from the initiation ceremony of the Sons of Malta and leaves absent the name "Kuklos Adelphon."[8]

References

  1. ^ Sterling, Robin (January 8, 2017). Newspaper Clippings from the Colbert County, Alabama Leighton News 1908 - 1914. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781387224609 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Sterling, Robin (June 6, 2017). Newspaper Clippings from the Colbert County, Alabama Leighton News 1904 - 1907. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781387020225 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ William Raimond Baird; Carroll Lurding (eds.). "Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities (Baird's Manual Online Archive), "Inactive Fraternities" section, see listing for Kappa Alpha". Student Life and Culture Archives. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Archives. The main archive URL is The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage.
  4. ^ The original Kappa Alpha by Leroy Stafford Boyd [Menasha, Wis., 1919] Reprinted from Banta's Greek exchange, v. 7, no. 4, Sept. 1919.
  5. ^ Allen W Trelease White terror; the Ku Klux Klan conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction New York, Harper & Row 1971 p.4
  6. ^ Boyd p.1847
  7. ^ "Ask Adam". The Amarillo Globe-Times. February 26, 1975. p. 1. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  8. ^ Stevens, Albert C. (1907). "The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities" (2nd ed.). New York: New York: E.B. Treat and Company. p. 417.
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