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((Short description|Educational network based in Japan))
((Other uses))
((Multiple issues|((Advert|date=May 2021))
((More citations needed|date=May 2021))))
((Infobox company
| name = Kumon Institute Education Co., Ltd.
| logo = File:Kumon Method Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| foundation = 11 July 1958
| founder = [[Toru Kumon]]
| industry = [[Education]]
| key_people = Hidenori Ikegami, President
| products = Kumon Math and Kumon Native Language (varies by country)
| subsid = Kumon América do Sul Instituto de Educação Ltda.
Kumon Asia & Oceania Pte. Ltd.
| homepage = [https://www.kumon.org/ www.kumon.org]
))
[[File:Kumon Students.jpg|thumb|Inside a Kumon Center with students studying]]

'''Kumon Institute Education Co. Ltd.''' is an educational network based in Japan and created by [[Toru Kumon]]. It uses his Kumon Method to teach [[mathematics]] and [[Reading (process)|reading]] primarily for young students.<ref>((cite web|url= http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|website= adamsmith.org|year= 2002|title= Around the World in 80 Ideas|publisher= [[Adam Smith Institute]]|access-date= 7 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127010612/http://www.adamsmith.org/80ideas/idea/56.htm|archive-date= 27 November 2013|url-status= dead))</ref>

==History==
Kumon was founded by [[Toru Kumon]], a Japanese educator, in July 1958, when he opened the first Kumon Maths Centre in [[Moriguchi, Osaka|Moriguchi]], [[Osaka]]. Prior to creating the Kumon franchise, Kumon taught at Kochi Municipal High School and Tosa Junior/Senior High School. Inspired by teaching his own son, Takeshi, Kumon developed a curriculum focused on [[Rote learning|rote memorization]].<ref name=Forbes2008>((cite news|last= Davidson|first= Alex|date= 31 October 2008|title= Sticking to Basics|url= https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html#4fba27f63620|url-status= live|work= [[Forbes]]|location= Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174855/https://www.forbes.com/global/2008/1110/076.html|archive-date = 27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018))</ref>

Kumon initially grew slowly, only gaining 63,000 students over its first 16 years. However, in 1974, Kumon published a book titled ''The Secret of Kumon Math'', leading to a doubling of its size in the next two years.<ref name=Forbes2008 /> Kumon opened their first United States locations in 1983,<ref name=Rothman1985>((cite news|last= Rothman|first= Robert|date= 17 May 1989|title= Japanese Drills, Not U.S. Reforms, Make Math a Hit at Alabama School|url= https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/1989/05/17/08300039.h08.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|work= [[Education Week]]|location= Bethesda, Maryland, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210919212820/https://www.edweek.org/education/japanese-drills-not-u-s-reforms-make-math-a-hit-at-alabama-school/1989/05|archive-date= 19 September 2021|access-date= 27 August 2018))</ref> and by 1985, Kumon reached 1.4 million students.<ref name=Forbes2008 />

Kumon attracted national attention in the United States after it was implemented at Sumiton Elementary School, in [[Sumiton]], [[Alabama]]. This was the first instance in which an American school integrated the Kumon Math Method into the regular K–4 mathematics curriculum.<ref name=Rothman1985 /> Sumiton continued to use the Kumon program through 2001, and influenced other schools to also adopt the Kumon method in their curriculum.<ref>((cite conference |url= https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|url-status= live|title= Using the Kumon Method to Revitalize Mathematics in an Inter-Urban School District|last1= Oakley|first1= Barbara A.|author-link=Barbara Oakley |last2= Lawrence|first2= Doreen|last3= Burt|first3= Walter L.|last4= Boxley|first4= Broderick|last5= Kobus|first5= Christopher J.|date= 22 June 2003|publisher= [[American Society for Engineering Education]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611164858/https://peer.asee.org/using-the-kumon-method-to-revitalize-mathematics-in-an-inner-urban-school-district.pdf|archive-date= 11 June 2020|book-title= Developing Young MINDs|pages= 8.1262.1((ndash))8.1262.13|location= Nashville, Tennessee|conference= American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition|conference-url= https://strategy.asee.org/collections/8|doi= 10.18260/1-2--12407|access-date= 19 September 2021|doi-access= free))</ref>

As of 2008, Kumon had over 26,000 centers around the globe with over 4 million registered students.<ref>((cite news|title= Kumon Celebrates 50th Anniversary|date= 25 February 2008|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210035/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080225005372/en/Kumon-Celebrates-50th-Anniversary|archive-date= 27 August 2018|work= [[Business Wire]]|publisher= [[Berkshire Hathaway]]|publication-place= San Francisco, California, U.S.|access-date= 27 August 2018))</ref> As of 2018, there were 410,000 students enrolled in 2,200 centers across the United States.<ref>((cite news|title= Kumon Franchise Receives "Best of the Best" Recognition from Entrepreneur Magazine for the 20th Time|date= 10 May 2018|location= Teaneck, New Jersey, U.S|author= <!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.-->|url= https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|url-status= live|publisher= [[PR Newswire]]|publication-place= New York City, New York, U.S|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180827174001/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kumon-franchise-receives-best-of-the-best-recognition-from-entrepreneur-magazine-for-the-20th-time-300644872.html|archive-date=27 August 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018))</ref>

In North America, Kumon began a "Junior Kumon" program in 2001, targeted at children aged 2–5 years old.<ref name=Zernike2011>((cite news|last= Zernike|first= Kate|date= 13 May 2011|title= Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten?|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|url-status=live|url-access= limited|work= [[The New York Times]]|issn= 0362-4331|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181121165851/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html|archive-date= 21 November 2018|access-date= 27 August 2018))</ref>

==Kumon method of learning==
[[File:Kumon-pencils-eraser.JPG|thumb|Pencils and an eraser with the Kumon logo]]
Kumon is an enrichment or remedial program, where instructors and assistants tailor instruction for individual students.<ref>((cite news|last= Singer|first= Penny|date= 14 March 1999|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|url-status= live|url-access= limited|title= Franchise Learning Centers Offer Mastery|website= [[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911072727/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/14/nyregion/franchise-learning-centers-offer-mastery.html|archive-date= 11 September 2017|access-date= 22 September 2020))</ref>

All Kumon programs are pencil-and-worksheet-based, with a digital program starting in 2023. The worksheets increase in difficulty in small increments. The program recommends that students study 30 minutes per subject on their own for five days of the week, and visit their local Kumon Center or attend a virtual class the other two days.<ref>((Cite web |title=The Kumon Method |url=https://www.kumon.org/our-method/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Kumon |language=en-GB))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=How do Kumon's Virtual and In-Person Classes Work? |url=https://www.kumon.com/resources/how-do-kumons-in-person-and-virtual-classes-work/#:~:text=Kumon%20is%20a%20daily%20program,complete%20the%20work%20at%20home. |access-date=January 25, 2023 |website=Kumon))</ref>((Primary source inline|date=November 2023))

Psychologist Kathy Hirsh-Pasek claims that using such techniques for 2, 3, and 4-year-olds "does not give your child a leg up on anything",<ref>((Cite news |last=Zernike |first=Kate |date=2011-05-13 |title=Fast-Tracking to Kindergarten? |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/fashion/with-kumon-fast-tracking-to-kindergarten.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |issn=0362-4331))</ref> though studies have observed a high percentage of efficacy.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Ukai |first=Nancy |date=1994 |title=The Kumon Approach to Teaching and Learning |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/132785 |journal=Journal of Japanese Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=87–113 |doi=10.2307/132785 |jstor=132785 |issn=0095-6848))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Storefront school]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((Official website|name=Kumon global official website))
*[https://www.kumongroup.com/eng/world/ Kumon Group official website]
*[https://www.kumon.ne.jp/ Kumon Japan website (in Japanese)]
*[https://doesitreallywork.org/kumon-review/ Does Kumon Really Work?]

((Authority control))

[[Category:Education companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Pedagogy]]
[[Category:Education companies established in 1958]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in Japan]]

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