You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Marxist historian and CP India leader (b. 1903, d. 1962)))
((more citations needed|date=February 2022))

'''Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf''' (November 24, 1903 - June 7, 1962)  was a Marxist historian and leader of the [[Communist Party of India]]. His works included articulating Muslim engagement with politics using a creative way during the late colonial and post-independence periods.<ref>((Cite web |last=Sajjad |first=Mohammad |date=2022-02-18 |title=Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf (1903-1962): The Gandhi-ite Communist |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/kunwar-mohammad-ashraf-1903-1962-the-gandhi-ite-communist-news-182953 |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.outlookindia.com |language=en))</ref>

==Early life and education==
He was born to a Muslim Rajput((citation needed|date=August 2023)) family in Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh district, Hathras tehsil, [[Daryapur]] village on November 24, 1903.

Ashraf began his studies in the Upper Primary School of Daryapur. He also undertook courses at Arya Samaj High School in [[Aligarh]] and the Muslim High School in [[Moradabad]]. Besides [[Sanskrit]] and [[Hindi]], he also studied [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]]. He passed his matric exam in 1918. Ashraf got admitted to MAO College, Aligarh, where he graduated with a bachelor of arts in Arabic logic and history.

He passed his BA from this institution, in Islamic philosophy and history from Jamia Millia. He also worked in Tilak Swaraj Fund, Khadi campaign, Hindu-Muslim unity campaign, etc. He created a record by passing LLB in first class in 1926

While working in the Non-Co-operation Movement, he met [[Shaukat Usmani]] in 1922 who introduced him to [[socialism]]. In 1923 he met [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]] and Kutubuddin in Calcutta. In 1926 he got to know feudal system at close quarters in Alwar. He had gone there after passing MA in 1926 and was honored by the Maharaja as state guest. He got a scholarship from the Riyasat for foreign studies.

Ashraf reached London in 1927 and studied law and also practiced as a barrister. He did his PhD on the ‘Social Life of India, 1200-1550’. He came in contact with [[Shapurji Saklatvala]], [[Sajjad Zaheer]] and others, and finally adopted Communist ideology.

He left everything and went back to London. He completed his PhD. In the mean- time, he along with Srinivas Iyyengar, Md Ali, Saklatvala and others founded the London Committee of the Indian National Congress. He also got actively involved in Marxist activities.

==Political and academic career==
On return to India in 1932, he became a professor in Muslim University. In the meantime, he joined the Congress and soon became a leading figure of its leftwing. He was included in the central executive of the  [[Congress Socialist Party]], along with Jaiprakash Narain, EMS, Acharya Narendra Dev, Z A Ahmed, Sajjad Zaheer, Ram Manohar Lohia, Ashok Mehta, etc. He was made one of the secretaries of the AICC in 1936. Congress president made him in-charge of Muslim Affairs. Ashraf worked in the AICC office in Allahabad.

Dr Ashraf was assigned by [[CPI]] to work on the student front too, and he used to guide the CPI fraction in the student movement. He presided over the Calcutta session of [[All India Students Federation]] in January 1939, and inaugurated the historic AISF session held in Nagpur in (December) 1940. He became a centre of attraction of student meetings all over the country, and played a very important role in the guidance of the AISF work. Dr Ashraf also worked as the secretary to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

Dr Ashraf along with other Communist leaders was interned in Deoli Detention Camp 1940 onwards. He participated in the 30-day hunger strike there. This and the conditions in Deoli Camp seriously affected his health. He was released in 1943 with a shattered health. He worked in the party centre in Bombay after release,  and  wrote  a  lot. He shifted to Delhi in 1946 and used to live in the party commune in Daryaganj on a wage of just Rs 8. Most of the comrades in the commune were youth, with Ashraf as the eldest. He was very co-operative, soft, humble and highly disciplined.

===Exile===
Party decided to publish ‘Awami Daur’, an Urdu daily, from Delhi. Dr K M Ashraf was appointed its editor. Dr Ashraf was asked by the party to shift to Pakistan in 1948 after ‘Awami Daur’ was closed down. The conditions there were very difficult and Communists had to face severe repressions. Party was banned there and Ashraf had to go underground. He was arrested on the charge of being an Indian living in Pakistan illegally. His physical condition deteriorated further. He was released on the condition that he would never return to Pakistan. India too  was  not  prepared to accept him as he was not an Indian citizen. He went to England and resumed his research in Indian society and history. He was also undergoing treatment. He worked in the British Museum.

He was not happy and wanted to return to India. There followed long years of efforts despite his closeness to Nehru and Maulana Azad. Nehru took special interest.

===Return to India===
It was only after two years’ efforts that he could get Indian citizenship. At the request of Nehru he worked in Srinagar on the history of Kashmiri people. Two years later, he joined KM College in Delhi and became head of history department. He presented several papers to the Indian History Congresses.

==Death==
[[File:Berlin Friedrichsfelde Zentralfriedhof, Pergolenweg - Spotaczyk-Ashraf-Schulz 02.jpg|thumb|Dr K M Ashraf's grave in [[Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde|Friedrichsfelde Cemetery]], Berlin]]
Dr K M Ashraf died on June 7, 1962, in Berlin due to heart attack.<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no00095420&ved ((Bare URL inline|date=September 2022))</ref><ref>((Cite book|url=https://www.booktopia.com.au/kunwar-mohammad-ashraf-an-indian-scholar-and-revolutionary-1903-1962-no-contributor/book/9783112544877.html|title = Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf an Indian Scholar and Revolutionary 1903-1962))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dcs5AQAAIAAJ|title = Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf, an Indian Scholar and Revolutionary, 1903-1962|last1 = Ashraf|first1 = Kunwar Mohammed|year = 1969))</ref> He was cremated and honoured with burial in the ''Pergolenweg'' [[Ehrengrab]] section of Berlin's [[Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde|Friedrichsfelde Cemetery]].

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Bare URL inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunwar_Mohammad_Ashraf"