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((Short description|Mass killing site in Belarus))
((Multiple issues|
((Expand Polish|fa=yes|date=January 2011))
((more citations needed|date=October 2016))
((expand Belarusian|date=February 2024))
))
[[File:Kurapaty.jpg|thumb|Kurapaty forest graves]]

'''Kurapaty''' (((lang-be|Курапаты)), ((IPA-be|kuraˈpatɨ|IPA))) is a wooded area on the outskirts of [[Minsk]], [[Belarus]], where a vast number of people were executed between 1937 and 1941 during the [[Great Purge]] by the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[secret police]], the [[NKVD]].<ref name="Giedrius">((cite web |last1=Gaidamavičius |first1=Giedrius |title=Belarus had a chance to follow Lithuania's footsteps. What happened? |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1378173/belarus-had-a-chance-to-follow-lithuania-s-footsteps-what-happened |website=[[Lrt.lt]] |access-date=5 April 2021 |language=en |date=4 April 2021))</ref>

The exact count of victims is uncertain, as [[NKVD]] archives are classified in Belarus.<ref name="svaboda-daviednik">[http://www.svaboda.org/content/transcript/1863328.html Памяць і забыцьцё Курапатаў] // [[RFE/RL]], 28.10.2009</ref> According to various sources, the number of people who perished in Kurapaty is estimated to be at least 30,000 (according to the Attorney General of BSSR Tarnaŭski), up to 100,000 people (according to "Belarus" reference book),<ref name="svaboda-daviednik" /><ref name="bielarus">Даведнік «Беларусь». – Мн.: «Беларуская энцыкляпэдыя», 1995.</ref> from 102,000 to 250,000 people (according to the article by [[Zianon Pazniak]] in the "Litaratura i Mastactva" newspaper),<ref name="pazniak">З. Пазьняк, Я. Шмыгалёў, М. Крывальцэвіч, А. Іоў. [http://www.zianonpazniak.de/publications/creation/kurapaty.htm Курапаты]. – Мн.: Тэхналогія, 1994.</ref><ref>Kurapaty // [[Jan Zaprudnik|Zaprudnik, Jan]]. Historical Dictionary of Belarus. — Lamham. — London: Scarecrow Press, 1998. p. 139.</ref> 250,000 people (according to Polish historian and professor of [[University of Wrocław]] ((ill|Zdzisław Julian Winnicki|pl))),<ref name="winnicki">Zdzisław J. Winnicki. ''Szkice kojdanowskie.'' – Wrocław: Wydawnictwo GAJT, 2005. ((ISBN|8388178261)). — С. 77—78.</ref> and more (according to the British historian [[Norman Davies]]).<ref name="Davies">Norman Davies. ''Powstanie '44''. – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak, 2004. ((ISBN|8324004599)). – С. 195</ref> Most of the victims were the Belarusian [[intelligentsia]].<ref name="Giedrius"/>

In 2004, Kurapaty [[mass graves]] were included in the register of the [[Cultural Properties of Belarus]] as a first-category [[cultural heritage]].<ref>Постановлениe Министерства культуры № 15  «О зонах охраны материальной недвижимой историко-культурной ценности «Место уничтожения жертв политических репрессий 30-40-х годов XX века в урочище Куропаты» (2004)/ref

Читать полностью: http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2012/10/25/ic_articles_116_179689/</ref>

==Discovery and remembrance==
[[File:Kurapaty 1989 meeting.jpg|thumb|Meeting in Kurapaty, 1989]]

The discovery by historian [[Zianon Paźniak]] and [[exhumation]] of the remains in 1988 gave added momentum to the pro-[[democracy]] and pro-[[independence]] movement in Belarus in the last years of the Soviet Union before it was [[dissolution of the Soviet Union|dissolved]]. There have been investigations by both the Soviet, and Belarusian governments, which have been conclusive as to the perpetrators were Soviet NKVD. This is based on former NKVD members' confessions and the eyewitness testimonies of 55 villagers, from villages such as [[Cna]], [[Cna-Yodkava]], [[Drazdova (Belarus)|Drazdova]], [[Padbaloccie]] and others, who gave evidence that NKVD brought people in trucks and executed them during 1937–1941.((citation needed|date=October 2016))

[[President of the United States]] [[Bill Clinton]] visited Kurapaty forest in 1994, when he came to [[Belarus]] with a "thank you" visit after Belarus agreed to transfer their post-Soviet [[nuclear weapons]] to [[Russia]]. Clinton gifted a small granite monument "To Belarusians from the American people", perhaps the first post-Soviet cultural artifact from the U.S. on the Belarusian soil. The monument was damaged three times by unidentified vandals, but subsequently restored.<ref>((Cite web|title=US President Bill Clinton Visited Minsk 24 Years Ago|url=https://charter97.org/en/news/2018/1/15/275919/|access-date=2020-09-04|website=charter97.org|language=en))</ref>

In 2001, when the Kurapaty site was threatened by a planned widening of the [[MKAD (Minsk)|Minsk Ring Road]], youth from the [[Belarusian Popular Front]], [[Zubr (political organization)|Zubr]], and smaller organizations occupied the site and sat out a bitter winter in tents, trying to halt the road construction, however with no success.

On October 29, 2004, the [[Jew]]ish community of Belarus installed a monument in memory of the Jews and other nationals who were murdered in Kurapaty forest. The brown granite stone has two inscriptions, in [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] and in [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]: "To our fellow-believers—Jews, Christians and the Muslims—the victims of [[Stalinism]] from the Belarusian Jews."

Each year in November, on [[Dziady]] (the All Saints or the day when Belarusians commemorate their deceased forefathers), hundreds of people visit this site of crimes of Soviet [[political repression]].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Kurapaty_1989_Sportcomplex.jpg|Kurapaty 1989 (Kalinowski street)
File:Kurapaty_1989_victim.jpg|Kurapaty, 1989
File:MKAD reconstruction.jpg|Minsk ring road under construction through the Kurapaty massacre site (2001)
File:KURAPATY2.JPG|Protesters' tent (2001)
File:KURAPATY3.JPG|Police watch over protesters (2001)
File:KURAPATY4.JPG|Crosses and 1989 memorial stone at center of site (2001)
File:KURAPATY5.JPG|Close-up of memorial stone (2001)
File:KURAPATY6.JPG|Remnant of a memorial placed by US President Bill Clinton, later destroyed (2001)
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Bykivnia]]
* [[Dem'ianiv Laz]]
* [[Great Purge]]
* [[Katyn massacre]]
* [[NKVD massacres of prisoners]]
* [[Vinnytsia massacre]]
==References==
((More footnotes|date=April 2009))
((Reflist))
==Bibliography==
* ''Kuropaty: The Investigation of a Stalinist Historical Controversy'' by David R. Marples - ''[[Slavic Review]]'' Vol. 53, No. 2 (Summer, 1994), pp.&nbsp;513–523
* 'Kurapaty The Road of Death' ((ISBN|5857001498))

==External links==
* [https://knihi.com/Zianon_Pazniak/Kurapaty_-_the_road_of_death-eng.html Kurapaty – The Road of Death]
* ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128081546/https://belarusdigest.com/story/kurapaty-memorial-in-danger-business-versus-historical-memory/ |title=Kurapaty memorial in danger: business versus historical memory)) Belarus Digest
* [http://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/kurapaty-1937-1941-nkvd-mass-killings-soviet-belarus Kurapaty (1937–1941): NKVD Mass Killings in Soviet Belarus]

((Joseph Stalin))
((Authority control))

((Coord|53|57.93|N|27|36.68|E|display=title))

[[Category:1937 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1939 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1941 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1937]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1939]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1941]]
[[Category:Forests of Belarus]]
[[Category:Mass graves]]
[[Category:Massacres in Belarus]]
[[Category:Massacres in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Geography of Minsk]]
[[Category:Parks in Minsk]]
[[Category:Minsk in World War II]]
[[Category:NKVD]]
[[Category:Political repression in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Politics of Belarus]]
[[Category:Communist repression]]
[[Category:Execution sites]]

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