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((Short description|Vegetables originating in Kyoto))
((multiple issues|
((original research|date=December 2014))
((more citations needed|date=December 2014))
))
'''Kyōyasai''' is the term for [[heirloom vegetables]] originating in Japan's [[Kyoto Prefecture]]. According to the research of the Laboratory of Health and Environment of Kyoto, Kyoyasai have more minerals, fibers and vitamins than many other vegetables. According to research, Kyoyasai have more nutrients that repair DNA than other vegetables.<ref name="auto">Ono, H. (2004). [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10013454090 Kyōyasai no seisan to ryūtu (The production and marketing of Kyōyasai)]. CiNii, [June 22, 2014].</ref> Kyoyasai are relatively expensive. Japanese consumers consider many Kyoyasai strange, because of their appearance.<ref name="auto1">Aotani, M. (2010). [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/110007512302.pdf?id=ART0009341072&type=pdf&lang=jp&host=cinii&order_no=&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=&no=1417409124&cp Kyoyasai no tiiki brand ka to marketing senryaku (Making Kyoyasai be local brand- name goods and strategy of marketing)]. [December 1, 2014].</ref>

== Use ==

Kyo-yasai&nbsp;are eaten mostly in the home or in upscale restaurants. They play an important role in Kyo-ryori, the traditional cuisine of Kyoto.

Kyo-ryori does not employ seasoning. Traditionally, Kyo-yasai are prepared without seasoning because of their rich flavor.

Kyo-yasai are also used for Italian, French and other cuisines in Kyoto.

== History ==

[[Agriculture]] began in Kyoto some twelve thousand years ago. It was the ancient capital of Japan and the home to the [[aristocracy]]. They supported a market for high-grade food. Kyoto is surrounded by mountains, making it difficult to transport seafood to the area. Instead, people cultivated the most delicious vegetables possible. The climate and [[soil quality]] contributed to making delicious vegetables.<ref>Hashimoto, S. (2003). [http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~kamitoba/rekisi/rekisi.htm Kyōyasai no rekishi to Jyōtobasan no tokutyō] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024511/http://www.h2.dion.ne.jp/~kamitoba/rekisi/rekisi.htm |date=2015-09-24 )).　(The Kyōyasai’s history and the character of Kyōyasai in Jyōtoba).  [July 20, 2014]</ref>

In the [[Kamakura period]], [[Zen|Zen Buddhism]] became popular. At that time Kyoto hosted many temples. Many practiced [[Buddhist cuisine|''syōjin ryōri'']], a Buddhist vegetarian diet. This improved the quality of vegetables and preparation methods.<ref name="auto2">Tauchi architect office. (n.d.). [http://nihon-inishie.ichi-ichi.info/modules/dentousangyou/kyoto/yasai01.html  Nihon, inishie-dentousangyou]. (Japan, traditional industry). [July 20, 2014].</ref>

In 1960 the name Kyō-yasai was adopted.<ref name="auto2"/> In the 1970s the vegetables lost popularity as imported vegetables replaced them. Such vegetables were easier to cook than Kyō-yasai, leaving Kyō-yasai on the verge of extinction.<ref name="auto2" />

Kyoto-area growers improved their products so that people could easily cook them. They made them smaller without losing flavor and spread new methods of cooking. Administrative organizations cooperated with agricultural and distribution organizations, attempting to increase sales of Kyō-yasai. In 1989, they started to certify Kyō-yasai as name-brand products. They also promoted Kyō-yasai to other cities.<ref name="auto2" />

== Definition ==

The most general definition covers all vegetables grown in Kyoto prefecture.<ref name="auto3">[http://www.jakyoto.com/jakyoto/kyoyasai/ JA Kyoto list]. (2007). JA Kyoto, [June 10, 2014].</ref> More limited definitions include: Dentou no Kyō-yasai (Traditional Kyo-yasai) that originated before the [[Meiji period]] and were grown throughout Kyoto. Bracken, springs<sup>[?]</sup>, extinct species and [[Bamboo#Uses|bamboo]] are also included according to the [[agricultural cooperative]] JA Kyoto. In this sense they are a type of [[heirloom vegetable]]<ref name="auto3"/> This provision was made in 1988.<ref name="auto" />

Nineteen species are included.

== Marketing by A-Coop Kyoto and JA Kyoto ==

A-Coop Kyoto and JA Kyoto made efforts to build a commercial market around Kyo-yasai,<ref name="auto1"/> including 39 species.<ref name="auto"/> A survey found that Kyotans recognize Kyo-yasai as “traditional and historical food,” and most consumer emphasize its brand more than its flavor and nutrition. [[Kyoto]] City government started promoting the foods in 1998 followed shortly by [[Kyoto Prefecture]] also promoting Kyo-yasai foods in 1999.

Kyoto City appoints following 41 products as “Kyo-no-shunyasai (Kyoto vegetables in season):”
((columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Tomato]]es
*Kyo temari
*[[Eggplant]]s
*Kamo eggplant
*[[Cucumber]]s
*[[Green soybean]]s
*Sando beans
*Takagamine pepper
*[[Bell pepper|Green pepper]]
*[[Bamboo]]
*[[Strawberry|Strawberries]]
*[[Pea|Garden peas]]
*[[Pea|Fruit garden peas]]
*[[Sweet corn]]
*Leaf peppers
*Sobana
*[[Daikon|Long Japanese radishes]]
*[[Turnip]]s
*Big turnips
*[[Spinach]]
*[[''Glebionis coronaria''|Garland chrysanthemums]]
*[[Brassica rapa|Brassica campestris]]
*[[Allium fistulosum|"Kujo" Welsh onions]]
*[[Arctium lappa|"Horikawa" Great burdock]]
*Hatakena
*Sugukina
*Kintoki carrots
*Chaste<sup>[?]</sup>
*[[Oenanthe javanica|Kyo java water dropworts]]
*''Brassica nipposinica''
*Mibuna
*[[Winter cabbage]]
*Spring cabbage
*[[Cauliflower]]
*[[Broccoli]]
*[[Chinese cabbage]]
*"Arrowhead", which may be [[Sagittaria sagittifolia]]
*Taro-like [[tuber]]s
*Saya Japanese radish
*Hanana.
))
These are cultivated in Kyoto City.

Kyoto's main purpose for doing this is to popularize Kyo-yasai and to boost the competitiveness of agricultural products. Kyoto Prefecture appoints 21 products as “Brand products of Kyoto:”
((columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*Brassica nipposinica
*Mibuna
*Kujo Welsh onion
*Japanese yam
*Fushimi pepper
*Manganji pepper
*Kyo yamashina eggplant
*Shikagatani pumpkin
*Kamo eggplant
*Kyo tango pear
*Murasakizukin
*Shogoin Japanese radish
*Arrowhead
*Hanana
*Taro-like tuber
*Kintoki carrot
*Horikawa burdock
*Tanba Japanese chestnut
*Azuki beans
*Black soybean
*Kyo bamboo
))
The Kyo-yasai market is working on circulating Kyo-yasai across Japan by setting up satellite shops.<ref name="auto1"/>

==See also==
* [[Japanese cuisine]]

== References ==
((Reflist|2))

[[Category:Agriculture in Japan]]
[[Category:Kyoto]]

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