LDB3
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesLDB3, CMD1C, CMPD3, CYPHER, LDB3Z1, LDB3Z4, LVNC3, MFM4, ORACLE, PDLIM6, ZASP, CMH24, LIM domain binding 3
External IDsOMIM: 605906 MGI: 1344412 HomoloGene: 134626 GeneCards: LDB3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

11155

24131

Ensembl

ENSG00000122367

ENSMUSG00000021798

UniProt

O75112

Q9JKS4

RefSeq (mRNA)
RefSeq (protein)
Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 86.67 – 86.74 MbChr 14: 34.25 – 34.31 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3), also known as Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LDB3 gene.[5][6] ZASP belongs to the Enigma subfamily of proteins and stabilizes the sarcomere (the basic units of muscles) during contraction, through interactions with actin in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Mutations in the ZASP gene has been associated with several muscular diseases.

Structure

ZASP is a PDZ domain-containing protein. PDZ motifs are modular protein-protein interaction domains consisting of 80-120 amino acid residues. PDZ domain-containing proteins interact with each other in cytoskeletal assembly or with other proteins involved in targeting and clustering of membrane proteins. ZASP interacts with alpha-actinin-2 through its N-terminal PDZ domain and with protein kinase C via its C-terminal LIM domains. The LIM domain is a cysteine-rich motif defined by 50-60 amino acids containing two zinc-binding modules. This protein also interacts with all three members of the myozenin family.[5]

Human ZASP can exist in cardiac and skeletal cells as six distinct isoforms, based on alternative splicing of 16 exons.[7] There are 2 ZASP short forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-6, 31.0 kDa, 283 amino acids;[8] and Uniprot ID: O75112-5, 35.6 kDa, 330 amino acids);[9] and 4 ZASP long forms (Uniprot ID: O75112-4, 42.8 kDa, 398 amino acids;[10] Uniprot ID: O75112-3, 50.6 kDa, 470 amino acids;[11] Uniprot ID: O75112-2, 66.6 kDa, 617 amino acids;[12] and Uniprot ID: O75112, 77.1 kDa, 727 amino acids).[13][14] All ZASP isoforms have an N-terminal PDZ domain; internal, conserved sequences known as ZASP-like motifs (ZMs); and the four long isoforms have three C-terminal LIM domains.[7]

Function

ZASP functions to maintain structural integrity of sarcomeres during contraction, and has been shown to be involved in protein kinase A signaling.[15] ZASP has also been shown to co-activate α5β1 integrins along with the protein TLN1.[16]

Clinical significance

Mutations in ZASP have been associated with myofibrillar myopathy,[17] dilated cardiomyopathy,[18][19] arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,[20] noncompaction cardiomyopathy,[18][21] and muscular dystrophy.[17]

Interactions

The PDZ domain of ZASP binds the C-terminus of alpha actinin-2[6][22] and ZMs bind the rod domain of alpha actinin-2.[23] The LIM domains have been shown to interact with protein kinase C.[22][24] The cardiac-specific region of ZASP encoded by exon 4 includes a ZP motif and binds a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122367 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021798 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LDB3 LIM domain binding 3".
  6. ^ a b Faulkner G, Pallavicini A, Formentin E, Comelli A, Ievolella C, Trevisan S, et al. (July 1999). "ZASP: a new Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein". J Cell Biol. 146 (2): 465–75. doi:10.1083/jcb.146.2.465. PMC 3206570. PMID 10427098.
  7. ^ a b Sheikh F, Bang ML, Lange S, Chen J (Nov 2007). ""Z"eroing in on the role of Cypher in striated muscle function, signaling, and human disease". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 17 (8): 258–62. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.002. PMC 2134983. PMID 18021935.
  8. ^ "O75112-6".
  9. ^ "O75112-5".
  10. ^ "O75112-4".
  11. ^ "O75112-3".
  12. ^ "O75112-2".
  13. ^ "O75112".
  14. ^ Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, et al. (Oct 2013). "Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase". Circulation Research. 113 (9): 1043–53. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151. PMC 4076475. PMID 23965338.
  15. ^ a b Lin C, Guo X, Lange S, Liu J, Ouyang K, Yin X, et al. (Oct 2013). "Cypher/ZASP is a novel A-kinase anchoring protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (41): 29403–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.470708. PMC 3795241. PMID 23996002.
  16. ^ Bouaouina M, Jani K, Long JY, Czerniecki S, Morse EM, Ellis SJ, et al. (Dec 2012). "Zasp regulates integrin activation". Journal of Cell Science. 125 (Pt 23): 5647–57. doi:10.1242/jcs.103291. PMC 3575701. PMID 22992465.
  17. ^ a b Selcen D, Engel AG (Feb 2005). "Mutations in ZASP define a novel form of muscular dystrophy in humans". Annals of Neurology. 57 (2): 269–76. doi:10.1002/ana.20376. PMID 15668942. S2CID 25733755.
  18. ^ a b Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, et al. (Dec 2003). "Mutations in Cypher/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (11): 2014–27. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.021. PMID 14662268.
  19. ^ Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, Lee SY, Zhou Q, Takahashi M, Ueda K, Nouchi T, Hohda S, Shibutani M, Hirose M, Chen J, Park JE, Yasunami M, Hayashi H, Kimura A (Feb 2004). "A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (8): 6746–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311849200. PMID 14660611.
  20. ^ Lopez-Ayala JM, Ortiz-Genga M, Gomez-Milanes I, Lopez-Cuenca D, Ruiz-Espejo F, Sanchez-Munoz JJ, et al. (Jul 2014). "A mutation in the Z-line Cypher/ZASP protein is associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy". Clinical Genetics. 88 (2): 172–6. doi:10.1111/cge.12458. PMID 25041374. S2CID 21822009.
  21. ^ Xi Y, Ai T, De Lange E, Li Z, Wu G, Brunelli L, et al. (Oct 2012). "Loss of function of hNav1.5 by a ZASP1 mutation associated with intraventricular conduction disturbances in left ventricular noncompaction". Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 5 (5): 1017–26. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.111.969220. PMC 4331025. PMID 22929165.
  22. ^ a b Zhou Q, Ruiz-Lozano P, Martone ME, Chen J (Jul 1999). "Cypher, a striated muscle-restricted PDZ and LIM domain-containing protein, binds to alpha-actinin-2 and protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (28): 19807–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.28.19807. PMID 10391924.
  23. ^ Klaavuniemi T, Ylänne J (May 2006). "Zasp/Cypher internal ZM-motif containing fragments are sufficient to co-localize with alpha-actinin--analysis of patient mutations". Experimental Cell Research. 312 (8): 1299–311. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.12.036. PMID 16476425.
  24. ^ Kuroda S, Tokunaga C, Kiyohara Y, Higuchi O, Konishi H, Mizuno K, et al. (Dec 1996). "Protein-protein interaction of zinc finger LIM domains with protein kinase C". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (49): 31029–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31029. PMID 8940095.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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