.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (October 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 9,039 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:LINPACK]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|de|LINPACK)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
LINPACK
Original author(s)Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, and Gilbert Stewart
Written inFortran
TypeLibrary
Websitenetlib.org/linpack/

LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical linear algebra on digital computers.[1] It was written in Fortran by Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve Moler, and Gilbert Stewart, and was intended for use on supercomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s.[2][3] It has been largely superseded by LAPACK, which runs more efficiently on modern architectures.

LINPACK makes use of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) libraries for performing basic vector and matrix operations.

The LINPACK benchmarks appeared initially as part of the LINPACK user's manual. The parallel LINPACK benchmark implementation called HPL (High Performance Linpack) is used to benchmark and rank supercomputers for the TOP500 list.

World's most powerful computer by year

Year(s) Benchmark Computer Design Casing System Successor
Manufacturer Designer Release date Units sold Price Dimensions Weight Power Front-end Operating system CPU Memory Storage MIPS FLOPS
1951-1954 - MIT Whirlwind I MIT - 1954 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
1955-1957 - IBM NORC IBM - 1954 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
1958-1959 - AN/FSQ-7 IBM - 1955 24 - - 250 tons up to 3 megawatts - - 49,000 vacuum tubes @ 75,000 instructions per second - - - - -
1960 - IBM 7090 IBM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1960–1961 - UNIVAC LARC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1961–1963 - IBM 7030 Stretch IBM Gene Amdahl May 1961 9 US$7,780,000 (equivalent to $70,550,000 in 2021) - 70,000 pounds (35 short tons; 32 t) 100 kW @ 110 V - MCP 64-bit processor 2048 kilobytes (262,144 x 64 bits) - 1.2 MIPS - CDC 7600
1964–1968 3 megaflops CDC 6600 Control Data Corporation Seymour Cray September 1964 100+ US$2,370,000 (equivalent to $20,710,000 in 2021) Height : 2,000 mm (79 in)
Cabinet width: 810 mm (32 in)
Cabinet length : 1,710 mm (67 in)
Width overall : 4,190 mm (165 in) 		about 12,000 lb (6.0 short tons; 5.4 t) 30 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz - SCOPE, KRONOS 60-bit processor @ 10 MHz Up to 982 kilobytes (131000 x 60 bits) - 2 MIPS - CDC 7600
1969–1975 10 megaflops CDC 7600 Control Data Corporation Seymour Cray June 1967 75+ US$62 - $155 thousands (monthly rent in 1968) Height : 188 cm (74 in)
Width: 302 cm (119 in) 		- 95 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz - Chippewa, SCOPE, KRONOS 60-bit processor @ 36 MHz 3.84 Megabytes (up to 512000 60-bit words) - 15 MIPS 36 MFLOPS CDC Cyber
1976-1982 136 megaflops Cray-1 Cray Research Seymour Cray 1975 100+ US$7.9 million in 1977 (equivalent to $35.3 million in 2021) Height: 196 cm (77 in)
Dia. (base): 263 cm (104 in)
Dia. (columns): 145 cm (57 in) 		5.5 tons (Cray-1A) 115 kW @ 208 V 400 Hz Data General Eclipse COS, UNICOS 64-bit processor @ 80 MHz 8.39 Megabytes (up to 1 048 576 words) 303 Megabytes (DD19 Unit) - 160 MFLOPS Cray X-MP
1983–1985 713 megaflops Cray X-MP/4 Cray Research Steve Chen 1982 - US$15 million 2.62 m (8.6 ft) x 1.96 m (6.4 ft) 5.12 t (11,300 lb) 345 kW Most minicomputers of the time COS, UNICOS 4x Vector processor 64 bits @ 105 - 117 MHz 128 megabytes 38.4 gigabytes (32 disks) 400 MIPS (4 CPU) 800 MFLOPS (4 CPU) Cray-2
1985–1987 1.95 gigaflops (peak) Cray-2 Cray Research - 1985 25 - - - - - - Custom Vector Processors - - - - Cray Y-MP
1988–1989 2.144 gigaflops Cray Y-MP/832 Cray Research - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1990–1991 4.0 gigaflops (measured) Fujitsu VP2000 Fujitsu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1992 20.0 gigaflops NEC SX-3/44 NEC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
June 1993 59.7 gigaflops Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 Thinking Machines Corporation (TMC) Danny Hillis - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


References

  1. ^ Dongarra, Jack J.; Moler, Cleve B.; Bunch, James R.; Stewart, Gilbert W (1979). LINPACK Users' Guide. SIAM. ISBN 9780898711721.
  2. ^ Matlis, Jan (2005-05-30). "Sidebar: The Linpack Benchmark". ComputerWorld.
  3. ^ Markoff, John (1991-09-22). "Technology; Measuring How Fast Computers Really Are". New York Times.


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