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((Short description|English writer (1931–1996)))
((EngvarB|date=June 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2023))
((more citations needed|date=March 2016))
((Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = Lady
| name               = Caroline Blackwood
| image              = LadyCarolineBlackwood.webp
| caption            = Blackwood and her mother Maureen Constance Guinness in 1933
| birth_name         = Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
| birth_date         = ((birth date|df=yes|1931|7|16))
| birth_place        = London, England
| death_date         = ((death date and age|df=yes|1996|2|14|1931|7|16))
| death_place        = New York City, U.S.
| occupation         = Writer
| years_active       = 1973–1995
| spouse             = ((plainlist|
* ((marriage|[[Lucian Freud]]|1953|1958|end=annulled.))
* ((marriage|[[Israel Citkowitz]]|1959|1972|end=divorced))
* ((marriage|[[Robert Lowell]]|1972|1977|end=died.))
))
| children           = 4, including [[Evgenia Citkowitz|Eugenia]]
| parents            = ((plainlist|
* [[Maureen Constance Guinness]]
* [[Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]]
))
| relatives          = ((plainlist|
* [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 3rd Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick, 3rd Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]] (grandfather)
* [[Ernest Guinness]] (grandfather)
* [[Aileen Plunket]] (aunt)
* [[Oonagh Guinness]] (aunt)
* [[Gay Kindersley]] (cousin)
* [[Sheridan Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Sheridan]] (brother)
* [[Garech Browne]] (cousin)
* [[Tara Browne]] (cousin)
* [[Lindy Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava]] (fourth cousin and sister-in-law)
* [[Julian Sands]] (son-in-law)
))
| family             = [[Guinness family|Guinness]]
))

'''Lady Caroline Blackwood''' (born '''Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood'''; 16 July 1931 – 14 February 1996) was an English writer, socialite, and muse. Her novels have been praised for their wit and intelligence. One of her works is an autobiography, which detailed her wealthy but unhappy childhood. She was born into an aristocratic British family, the eldest child of [[Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|the 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]] and of [[Maureen Constance Guinness]]. All three of her husbands were famous personalities in their own right.

==Early life==
Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood was born on 16 July 1931 at 4 Hans Crescent in [[Knightsbridge]], her parents' [[London]] home.<ref>((Cite web |title=Blackwood, Lady Caroline Maureen ((!)) Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/blackwood-lady-caroline-maureen-a0697 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=dib.ie |language=en))</ref> Her parents were [[Maureen Constance Guinness]] and [[Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]].

Blackwood was, self-admittedly, "scantily educated" at [[Rockport School]] in [[County Down]] and [[Downham School]] near [[Essex]],<ref>((Cite web |title=Never Breathe a Word: The Collected Stories of Caroline… |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/9688410-never-breathe-a-word-the-collected-stories-of-caroline-blackwood |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Goodreads |language=en))</ref> among other schools.

In 1949, after a [[finishing school]] in [[Oxford]], Blackwood was presented as a [[debutante]] at a ball held at [[Londonderry House]].<ref>((Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=The Question Is, Which Actress Should Play Lady Caroline Blackwood in a Hollywood Biopic? |url=https://www.messynessychic.com/2021/11/18/the-question-is-which-actress-should-play-lady-caroline-blackwood-in-a-hollywood-biopic/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Messy Nessy Chic |language=en-US))</ref>

==Career==
Blackwood's first job was with [[Hulton Press]] as a secretary, but she was soon given small reporting jobs by [[Claud Cockburn]]. In Paris she met [[Picasso]] (and reportedly refused to wash for three days after he drew on her hands and nails).

After marrying [[Lucian Freud]], she became a figure in London's bohemian circles, the [[Gargoyle Club]] and [[Colony Room]] replacing [[Belgravia]] [[drawing room]]s. She sat for several of Freud's portraits, including ''Girl in Bed''. She was impressed by the vision of Freud and [[Francis Bacon (painter)|Francis Bacon]] and her later fiction was influenced by their view of humanity.

In the early 1960s, Blackwood began contributing to ''[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]]'', ''[[The London Magazine#1954.E2.80.93present|London Magazine]]'', and other periodicals on subjects such as [[beatniks]], [[the Troubles|Ulster sectarianism]], [[Political drama#Feminist theatre|feminist theatre]] and [[New York (state)|New York]] [[Free school movement|free schools]]. According to [[Christopher Isherwood]], "she is only capable of thinking negatively. Confronted by a phenomenon, she asks herself: what is wrong with it?"<ref>Schoenberger, Nancy (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p_6bCq2-0ZEC&pg=PT214 ''Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood''], n.p. Random House Digital, Inc.</ref> During the mid-1960s, she had an affair with [[Robert Silvers]], the founder and co-editor of ''[[New York Review of Books|The New York Review of Books]]''.<ref name=Brubach>Brubach, Holly. [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/t-magazine/22talk-brubach-t.html "Their Better Half"]. ''The New York Times'', 17 August 2010.</ref><ref name=Gaines>Gaines, Steven. [http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/68322/ "Ivana Lowell, Sober Guinness Heiress Raised by Poet, Says What Happened"].  ''New York'' magazine, 19 September 2010.</ref>

Her third husband, [[Robert Lowell]], was an influence on her talents as a novelist. He encouraged her to write her first book, ''For All That I Found There'' (1973), the title of which is a line from the [[Percy French]] song "The Mountains of Mourne", and which includes a memoir of her daughter's treatment in a burns unit. Blackwood's first novel ''The Stepdaughter'' (1976) appeared three years later and received much acclaim. It won the [[David Higham Prize]] for best first novel. ''Great Granny Webster'' followed in 1977 and was partly derived from her own childhood. It depicted an old woman's destructive impact on her daughter and granddaughter. It was short-listed for the 1977 [[Booker Prize]].<ref name='Booker'>((cite web|title=Great Granny Webster|url=https://thebookerprizes.com/books/great-granny-webster-by|publisher=Booker Prize|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028120805/https://thebookerprizes.com/books/great-granny-webster-by|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020))</ref>

''The Last of the Duchess'' was completed in 1980. A study of the relations between the [[Duchess of Windsor]] and her lawyer, [[Suzanne Blum (lawyer)|Suzanne Blum]]; it could not be published until after Blum's death in 1995. Her third novel ''The Fate of Mary Rose'' (1981) describes the effect on a Kent village of the rape and torture of a ten-year-old girl named Maureen and is narrated by a historian whose obsessions destroy his domestic life. After this came a collection of five short stories, ''Good Night Sweet Ladies'' (1983), followed by her final novel, ''Corrigan'' (1984), which was the least successful.((citation needed|date=July 2022))

Blackwood's later books were based on interviews and vignettes, including ''On The Perimeter'' (1984), which focused her attentions on the [[Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp]] at [[RAF Greenham Common]] in [[Berkshire]], and ''In The Pink'' (1987), which was a book looking at the hunting and the [[hunt saboteur]] fraternities.

==Published works==
Blackwood had published 10 books - but 11 are listed below.
* Blackwood, Caroline (1973). ''For All That I Found There''. [[George Braziller]]. ((ISBN|9780715607602))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1974). ''The Fate of Mary Rose''. [[Summit Books]]. ((ISBN|9780140060638))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1976). ''The Stepdaughter''. [[Pocket Books]]. ((ISBN|9780671820404))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1977). ''Great Granny Webster''. [[New York Review Books]]. ((ISBN|9781590170076))
* Blackwood, Caroline with [[Alice Thomas Ellis|Haycraft, Anna]] (1980). ''Darling, You Shouldn't Have Gone to So Much Trouble''. [[Jonathan Cape]]. ((ISBN|9780224018340))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1983). ''Good Night Sweet Ladies''. [[Penguin Books]]. ((ISBN|9780140085228))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1984). ''Corrigan''. [[NYRB Classics]]. ((ISBN|9781590170069))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1984). ''On the Perimeter''. [[Penguin Books]]. ((ISBN|9780140083224))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1987). ''In the Pink''. [[Bloomsbury Publishing]]. ((ISBN|9780747500506))
* Blackwood, Caroline (1995). ''The Last of the Duchess''. [[Pantheon Books]]. ((ISBN|9780679439707))
* Blackwood, Caroline (2010). ''Never Breathe a Word: The Collected Stories of Caroline Blackwood''. [[Counterpoint (publisher)|Counterpoint]]. ((ISBN|9781582435695))

==Personal life==
Blackwood was married three times, and had four children.

* [[Lucian Freud]], married 9 December 1953, divorced 1958.((citation needed|date=March 2016))
* [[Israel Citkowitz]], married 15 August 1959, divorced 1972, three daughters; including [[Evgenia Citkowitz|Eugenia]].
* [[Robert Lowell]], married 21 October 1972, one son.

In 1957, Blackwood moved to [[New York City]] and studied acting at the [[Stella Adler Studio of Acting|Stella Adler school]].((citation needed|date=November 2018))

[[Ann Fleming (socialite)|Ann Fleming]], the wife of [[Ian Fleming]], introduced Blackwood to [[Lucian Freud]] and the couple [[Elopement|eloped]] in Paris on 9 December 1953.

By 1966, when Blackwood and Citkowitz's youngest, Ivana, was born,<ref>((cite news|first1=Emine|last1=Saner|access-date=2020-01-10|title=Ivana Lowell: So, who was my father?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/04/ivana-lowell-father-memoir|newspaper=The Guardian|date=4 December 2010|issn=0261-3077))</ref> their marriage was over, although he continued to live nearby and helped raise their daughters until his death. During the mid-1960s, Blackwood had an affair with [[Robert Silvers]], a founder and co-editor of ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', who stayed close to the family thereafter.<ref name="Brubach" /><ref name="Gaines" /> According to Ivana, she and Silvers both suspected that he was her biological father.<ref>Saner, Emine. [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/04/ivana-lowell-father-memoir "Ivana Lowell: So, who was my father?"], ''The Guardian'', 3 December 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2013.</ref> However, a deathbed admission by Blackwood revealed that Ivana's biological father was another boyfriend: the screenwriter [[Ivan Moffat]], a grandson of actor-manager [[Herbert Beerbohm Tree|Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree]].<ref name="Brubach" /><ref name="Gaines" />

On 22 June 1978, Blackwood's eldest daughter with Citkowitz, Natalya, died from [[Positional asphyxia|postural asphyxia]] due to a [[drug overdose]], aged 17.<ref>((Cite web |title=Ivana Lowell: So, who was my father? ((!)) Family ((!)) The Guardian |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/04/ivana-lowell-father-memoir |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=amp.theguardian.com))</ref>

Blackwood and Lowell lived in London and at [[Milgate House, Thurnham|Milgate House]] in Kent. The sequence of poems in Lowell's ''The Dolphin'' (1973) provides a disrupted narrative of his involvement with Blackwood and the birth of their son (Lowell's friend [[Elizabeth Bishop]] strongly advised Lowell not to publish the book, advice he ignored). Lowell suffered from [[bipolar disorder]], and his manic episodes prompted in Blackwood distress, confusion, feelings of uselessness, and fear about the effects on their children. In 1977, Lowell died, reportedly clutching one of Freud's portraits of Blackwood, in the back seat of a New York cab, on his way back to his former wife, the writer [[Elizabeth Hardwick (writer)|Elizabeth Hardwick]].<ref>Gonzalez, Alexander G. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=quocyNYLbLcC&dq=caroline+blackwood&pg=PA24 ''Irish Women Writers: An A-To-Z Guide''], p. 24. Greenwood Publishing Group.</ref>

In 1977, to avoid taxation, Blackwood left England and went to live in [[County Kildare]], Ireland, in an apartment at the great [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] mansion of [[Castletown House]], which was owned by her cousin [[Desmond Guinness]].((citation needed|date=July 2022)) Ten years later, in 1987, she returned to the United States, settling in a large house in [[Sag Harbor]], [[Long Island]], where, although her abilities were reduced by alcoholism, she continued to write; her work of that era includes two memoirs, of [[Princess Margaret]] and of [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]], published in ''The New York Review of Books'' in 1992.<ref>((Cite news|last=Blackwood|first=Caroline|title=Francis Bacon (1909–1992)|journal=New York Review of Books|language=en|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1992/09/24/francis-bacon-19091992/|access-date=2021-01-18|issn=0028-7504))</ref>

==Death==
On 14 February 1996, Lady Caroline Blackwood died from cancer, at the Mayfair Hotel on [[Park Avenue (Manhattan)|Park Avenue]] in [[New York City]], aged 64.<ref>((Cite news |last=Kimmelman |first=Michael |date=1996-02-15 |title=Lady Caroline Blackwood, Wry Novelist, Is Dead at 64 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/15/nyregion/lady-caroline-blackwood-wry-novelist-is-dead-at-64.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |issn=0362-4331))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
*Davenport-Hines, Richard. "Caroline Blackwood" in the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press.

==External links==
* [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp121133/lady-caroline-maureen-hamilton-temple-blackwood Official Profile] on [[National Portrait Gallery, London]]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/15/nyregion/lady-caroline-blackwood-wry-novelist-is-dead-at-64.html Lady Caroline Blackwood, Wry Novelist, Is Dead at 64] on [[New York Times]]
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Blackwood, Caroline))
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century British novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century British women writers]]
[[Category:Blackwood family|Caroline]]
[[Category:British biographers]]
[[Category:British debutantes]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Ireland]]
[[Category:English expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:British memoirists]]
[[Category:Daughters of British marquesses]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)]]
[[Category:English artists' models]]
[[Category:Guinness family]]
[[Category:Freud family]]
[[Category:People educated at Rockport School]]
[[Category:People from Knightsbridge]]
[[Category:People of Anglo-Irish descent]]
[[Category:20th-century English writers]]

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