Lake Diefenbaker
NASA satellite image of Lake Diefenbaker
Lake Diefenbaker Location in Saskatchewan Show map of Saskatchewan Lake Diefenbaker Lake Diefenbaker (Canada) Show map of Canada
Location	Saskatchewan
Coordinates	51°01′53″N 106°50′09″W / 51.03139°N 106.83583°W / 51.03139; -106.83583
Type	Reservoir
Primary inflows	South Saskatchewan River
Primary outflows	South Saskatchewan River Qu'Appelle River
Catchment area	135,500 km2 (52,300 sq mi)
Basin countries	Canada
Max. length	225 km (140 mi)
Max. width	6 km (3.7 mi)
Surface area	430 km2 (170 sq mi)
Average depth	21.6 m (71 ft)
Max. depth	66 m (217 ft)
Water volume	9.4 km3 (7,600,000 acre⋅ft)
Residence time	2.5 years
Shore length1	800 km (500 mi)
Surface elevation	556.8 m (1,827 ft) above sea level (full supply level)
Settlements	Elbow Mistusinne
References	[1]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Lake Diefenbaker^[2] is a reservoir and bifurcation lake in southern part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It was formed by the construction of Gardiner Dam and the Qu'Appelle River Dam across the South Saskatchewan and Qu'Appelle Rivers respectively. Construction began in 1959 and the lake was filled in 1967. The lake is 225 kilometres (140 mi) long with approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) of shoreline. It has a maximum depth of 66 metres (217 ft), while the water levels regularly fluctuate 3–9 metres (9–27 feet) each year. The flow of the two rivers is now regulated with a considerable portion of the South Saskatchewan diverted into the Qu'Appelle. Prior to the dams' construction, high water levels in the South Saskatchewan would frequently cause dangerous ice conditions downstream in Saskatoon while the Qu'Appelle would frequently dry up in the summer months.

Lake Diefenbaker provides water for domestic irrigation, drinking, and industrial uses. An extensive aqueduct (canal) system was built from the Gardiner Dam called the South Saskatchewan River Project. From the east-side of Gardiner Dam, the aqueduct system heads in a generally north-easterly direction ending at Dellwood Reservoir north-east of Little Manitou Lake in the RM of Usborne No. 310. Reservoirs along the course of the canal include Broderick Reservoir, Brightwater Reservoir, Indi Lake, Blackstrap Lake, Bradwell Reservoir, and Zelma Reservoir.^[3][4]

Lake Diefenbaker is the largest body of water in southern Saskatchewan, although Last Mountain Lake is the largest naturally occurring one. The lake was named after John G. Diefenbaker, a former Prime Minister of Canada.

Parks and recreation

Three provincial parks and three regional parks are on the shores of Lake Diefenbaker: Danielson Provincial Park,^[5] Douglas Provincial Park,^[6] Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park,^[7] Palliser Regional Park, Cabri Regional Park, and Prairie Lake Regional Park.

Recreational activities include fishing, boating, and camping. The town of Elbow contains a marina for boat storage and house boat rental.

The only remaining ferry on the lake is the Riverhurst Ferry, a cable ferry that operates across Lake Diefenbaker near Riverhurst, Saskatchewan.

Ecology

Lake Diefenbaker is home to 26 native and stocked fish species. These include burbot, walleye, northern pike, lake whitefish, lake trout, sauger, goldeye, cisco, yellow perch, rainbow trout, lake sturgeon, longnose sucker, white sucker, shorthead redhorse and Atlantic Salmon.^[8] Both the current world-record rainbow trout^[9] and world-record burbot^[10] were caught in the lake. The lake itself along with Battle Creek are the only two bodies of water in Saskatchewan that support a reproducing population of rainbow trout.

The lake's sandy beaches provide appropriate habitat for the nationally endangered piping plover.

The long stretches of open water and poorly consolidated shore materials makes the shores vulnerable to erosion. Between 1968 and 1992 bank recession rates have commonly ranged up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) a year with higher rates in exposed areas.

Important Bird Areas

There two Important Bird Areas (IBA) of Canada on Lake Diefenbaker, with one at each end.^[11]

Galloway and Miry Bay (SK006) is located at the western end of the lake about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Cabri. The IBA site includes the shoreline and spans the width of the lake covering an area of 59.48 km² (22.97 sq mi). Miry Bay^[12] is located on the western shore and Galloway is on the eastern shore about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the north. Geese found in Miry and Galloway Bays include the greater white-fronted, snow, and Ross's. Sandhill cranes are also found at the site.^[13]

East Lake Diefenbaker (SK055) is located at the eastern end of the lake. It totals 361.69 km² (139.65 sq mi) and encompasses most of both the Gordon McKenzie and Thomson Arms of the lake. This IBA is designated as critical piping plover habitat.^[14]