There are 74 living languages in Kalimantan. They belong to Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of Austronesian family. Also Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh language is spoken as an immigrant language.[1]
According to Ethnologue, the languages belong to five families:
| Family | Code on map |
|---|---|
| Greater Barito | G |
| Land Dayak | L |
| Malayic | M |
| North Borneo | N |
| South Sulawesi | S |
| No. code |
Name | Alternative names | Dialects | Population[2] | Year | Region | Classification | Lexical Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 apg |
Ampanang | 30,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, central, southeast of Tunjung, Jambu, Lamper area. | Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam | |||
| 2 bdb |
Basap | Jembayan, Bulungan, Berau, Dumaring, Binatang, Karangan. | 15,000 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province, scattered in Bulungan, Sangkulirang, and Kutai regencies. | North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau | ||
| 3 bei |
Bakati' | Bakati Nyam, Bakati Riok, Bakatiq, Bekati. | 4,000 | 1986 | Northwest near Sarawak border, Sambas and Selvas areas. | Land Dayak, Bakati' | ||
| 4 bfg |
Busang Kayan | Busang, Kajan, Kajang. | Mahakam Busang, Belayan, Long Bleh. | 3,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam, Oga, Belayan rivers. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | |
| 5 bhv |
Bahau | 19,000 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province. Northeast, north, and southeast of Busang. Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Long Bagun, and Long Hubung subdistricts, Kutai Barat Regency. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | |||
| 6 bjn |
Banjar | Bandjarese, Banjar Malay, Banjarese, Labuhan. | Kuala, Hulu. | 3,502,300 (3,500,000) |
2000 | Around Banjarmasin south and east; East Kalimantan, coastal regions of Pulau Laut, Kutai and Pasir; Central Kalimantan as far as Sampit. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | 73% with Indonesian [ind], 66% with Tamuan (Malayic Dayak), 45% with Bakumpai [bkr], 35% with Ngaju [nij]. |
| 7 bkn |
Bukitan | Bakatan, Bakitan, Beketan, Mangkettan, Manketa, Pakatan. | Punan Ukit, Punan Busang. | 860 (570) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province, Iwan River, Sarawak border. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). | North Borneo, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang | |
| 8 bkr |
Bakumpai | Bakambai, Bara-Jida. | Bakumpai, Mengkatip (Mangkatip, Oloh Mengkatip). | 100,000 | 2003 | Central Kalimantan Province. Kapuas and Barito rivers, northeast of Kuala Kapuas. | Greater Barito | 75% with Ngaju [nij], 45% with Banjar [bjn]. |
| 9 blj |
Bolongan | Bulungan. | May be a dialect of Tidong [tid] or Segai [sge]. | 30,000 | 2002 | East Kalimantan Province, Tanjungselor area, lower Kayan River. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong | |
| 10 bqr |
Burusu | Berusuh, Bulusu. | 4,350 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sesayap subdistrict, Sekatakbunyi area, north of Sajau Basap [sjb] language. | North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau | ||
| 11 bth |
Biatah Bidayuh | Biatah, Bideyu, Landu, Lundu, Pueh, Siburan. | 8,480 | 2000 | Northwest Kalimantan, on Sarawak border. Mainly in Sarawak. | Land Dayak, Bidayuh | ||
| 12 bve |
Berau Malay | Berau, Merau Malay. | 11,200 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province, central coastal area, Tanjungreder and Muaramalinau north to Sepinang south. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | ||
| 13 bvk |
Bukat | 400 | 1981 | West Kalimantan Province, northeast near Sarawak border, Kapuas River, southeast of Mendalam. 3 areas. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | |||
| 14 bvu |
Bukit Malay | Bukit, Meratus, Bukat. | A variant of Banjar Malay [bjn]. | 59,000 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province, southeast, Sampanahan River, northwest of Limbungan. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | |
| 15 byd |
Benyadu' | Njadu, Nyadu, Balantiang, Balantian. | Pandu, Nyadu (Balantian, Balantiang, Njadu). | 54,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, northwest near Sarawak border, Landak and Bengkayang regencies. | Land Dayak | |
| 16 djo |
Jangkang | Jangkang proper, Pompang. | 37,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, Central Sanggau Regency, south of Balai Sebut. | Land Dayak | ||
| 17 dun |
Dusun Deyah | Deah, Dejah. | 20,000 | 1981 | South Kalimantan Province, Tabalong River northeast of Bongkang. | East Barito | 53% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Tawoyan [twy]. | |
| 18 duq |
Dusun Malang | Bayan, Dusun Malang. Most similar to Ma'anyan [mhy], Paku [pku], Dusun Witu [duw], Malagasy [plt]. | 4,500 (2,000 Bayan) | 2003 | Central Kalimantan Province, North Barito Regency, west of Muarainu, northeast of Muarateweh. | Greater Barito | 90% between the 2 dialects. | |
| 19 duw |
Dusun Witu | Dusun Pepas, Dusun Witu. Most similar to Ma'anyan [mhy], Paku, Dusun Malang [duq], Malagasy [plt]. | 5,000 | 2003 | Central Kalimantan Province, South Barito Regency, Pendang and Buntokecil regions; south of Muarateweh. | Greater Barito | 75% with Ma'anyan, 73% with Paku [pku]. | |
| 20 emb |
Embaloh | Malo, Maloh, Matoh, Mbaloh, Memaloh, Palin, Pari, Sangau, Sanggau. | Kalis (Kalis Maloh, Kalis Dayak). Kalis may be a separate language. | 10,000 | 1991 | West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, south of Sarawak border, upper Kapuas River: Embaloh, Leboyan, Lauh, Palin, Nyabau, Mandai, and Kalis tributaries. | South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic | |
| 21 hov |
Hovongan | Punan Bungan. | Hovongan, Penyavung, Semukung Uheng. | 1,000 | 1991 | West Kalimantan Province near Sarawak and East Kalimantan Province borders; Kapuas Hulu Regency, far northeast corner. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Aoheng [pni]. |
| 22 iba |
Iban | Sea Dayak. | Batang Lupar, Bugau, Kantu', Ketungau (Air Tabun, Sigarau, Seklau, Sekapat, Banjur, Sebaru', Demam, Maung, Sesat). | 15,000 in Kalimantan | 2003 | West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic | |
| 23 kkx |
Kohin | Bahasa Seruyan, Seruyan. | 8,000 | 2003 | Central Kalimantan Province, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, central and north Seruyan River area. 10 villages. | Western Barito | 60%–65% with Ot Danum [otd], 50%–69% with Ngaju [nij]. | |
| 24 knl |
Keninjal | Dayak Kaninjal, Kaninjal, Kaninjal Dayak. | Kubing. | 32,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, Sayan and Melawi rivers, Nangapinoh, Nangaella, Nangasayan, Gelalak areas. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Kendayan | |
| 25 knx |
Kendayan | Baicit, Kendayan-Ambawang, Kendayan Dayak, Damea, Salako. | Ambawang, Kendayan, Ahe, Selako. | 290,700 (280,000) |
2007 | West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Bengkayang, Ledo area, Madi and Papan jungle area; Sambas regency. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Kendayan | |
| 26 kqv |
Okolod | Kolod, Kolour, Kolur, Okolod Murut. | 4,970 (3,390) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province along Sabah border, east of Lumbis, north of Lundayeh; also in Sarawak. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut | 82% with Okolod of Sabah, 70% with Pensiangan Murut dialect of Tagal Murut [mvv], 34% with Lun Bawang [lnd]. | |
| 27 kzi |
Kelabit | Kalabit, Kerabit, Apo Duat. | Lon Bangag, Tring, Bareo (Bario), Pa' Mada, Long Napir. | (640) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province, remote mountains, on Sarawak border, northwest of Longkemuat. Mainly in Sarawak. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Apo Duat | |
| 28 lbx |
Lawangan | Luwangan, Northeast Barito. | Ajuh, Bakoi (Lampung), Bantian (Bentian), Banuwang, Bawu (Bawo), Kali, Karau (Beloh), Lawa, Lolang, Mantararen, Njumit, Purai, Purung, Tuwang, Pasir, Benua, Taboyan. At least 17 dialects. Tawoyan [twy] may be inherently intelligible. | 100,000 | 1981 | East central Kalimantan, Karau River area. | Eastern Barito | 77% with Tawoyan, 53% with Dusun Deyah [dun]. |
| 29 lgi |
Lengilu | 4 | 2000 | Northeast, between Sa'ban and Lundayeh. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic Nearly extinct. | |||
| 30 lnd |
Lun Bawang | Southern Murut, Lundayeh, Lun Daye, Lun Dayah, Lun Daya, Lun Dayoh, Lundaya Putuk. | Lun Daye, Papadi, Lun Bawang (Long Bawan, Sarawak Murut). Not Murutic, although sometimes called Southern Murut. | 47,500 (23,000) |
2007 | Interior from Brunei Bay to Padas River headwaters, to Baram headwaters, and into East Kalimantan, Indonesian mountains where Sesayap River tributaries arise. Also in Brunei, Malaysia (Sarawak). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic | |
| 31 lra |
Rara Bakati' | Luru, Lara', Bekatiq, Bekati' Nyam-Pelayo, Bekati' Kendayan. | Bina'e. | (12,000) |
2007 | West Kalimantan Province, upper Lundu and Sambas rivers, Bengkayang area east of Gunung Pendering, and north in Pejampi and 2 other villages. | Land Dayak, Bakati' | |
| 32 mhy |
Ma'anyan | Ma'anjan, Maanyak Dayak. | Samihim (Buluh Kuning), Sihong (Siong), Dusun Balangan. Related to Malagasy languages in Madagascar. | 150,000 | 2003 | Central Kalimantan, Barito Selatan Regency, South Tamianglayang area, Dusun Hilir, Karau Kuala, Dusun Selatan, Dusun Utara, Gunung Bintang Awai, Dusun Tengah, Awang, and Patangkep Tutui subdistricts. Patai River drainage area. | Greater Barito | 77% with Paku [pku], 75% with Dusun Witu [duv]. |
| 33 mqg |
Kota Bangun Kutai Malay | Not intelligible with Tenggarong Kutai Malay [vkt], but may be intelligible with one of its dialects (Northern Kutai). | 80,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, central Mahakam River basin. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | ||
| 34 msa |
Malay | |||||||
| 35 mtd |
Mualang | Mualang Ili’, Mualang Ulu. Similar to Iban [iba]. | 40,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, Belitang Hilir, Belitang, and Belitang Hulu Sekadau subdistricts, along Ayak and Belitang rivers, about 320 km upstream from Pontianak. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic | ||
| 36 mvv |
Tagal Murut | Semambu, Semembu, Sumambu, Sumambu-Tagal, Sumambuq. | Rundum (Arundum), Tagal (Tagol, North Borneo Murut, Sabah Murut), Sumambu (Semembu, Sumambuq), Tolokoson (Telekoson), Sapulot Murut (Sapulut Murut), Pensiangan Murut (Pentjangan, Tagul, Taggal, Lagunan Murut), Alumbis (Lumbis, Loembis), Tawan, Tomani (Tumaniq), Maligan (Mauligan, Meligan, Bol Murut, Bole Murut). | 2,000 | ? | East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Pegalan Valley, Alumbis River. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut | |
| 37 mxd |
Modang | Kelingan (Long Wai, Long We), Long Glat, Long Bento’, Benehes, Nahes, Liah Bing. | 15,300 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Segah, Kelinjau, and Belayan rivers. 5 areas. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang | ||
| 38 nij |
Ngaju | Biadju, Dayak Ngaju, Ngadju, Ngaja, Ngaju Dayak, Southwest Barito. | Ba’amang (Bara-Bare, Sampit), Katingan Ngaju, Katingan Ngawa, Kahayan, Kahayan Kapuas, Mantangai (Oloh Mangtangai), Pulopetak. Related to Bakumpai [bkr]. | 890,000 | 2003 | Kalimantan, Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya rivers, south. | Greater Barito | 75% with Bakumpai, 62% with Kohin [kkx], 50% with Ot Danum [otd], 35% with Banjar [bjn]. |
| 39 otd |
Ot Danum | Dohoi, Malahoi, Uud Danum, Uut Danum. | Ot Balawan, Ot Banu’u, Ot Murung 1 (Murung 1, Punan Ratah), Ot Olang, Ot Tuhup, Sarawai (Melawi), Dohoi, Ulu Ai’ (Da’an), Sebaung, Kadorih, Kuhin. | 78,800 | 2007 | Upper reaches of south Borneo River, large area south of Schwaner Range. Ulu Ai’ on Mandai River with 7 villages. | Greater Barito | 70% with Siang [sya], 65% with Kohin [kkx], 60% with Katingan dialect of Ngaju [nij], 50% with Ngaju (main dialect) [nij]. |
| 40 pku |
Paku | Bakau. | 3,500 | 2003 | Central Kalimantan Province, East Barito Regency, south of Ampah. | East Barito | 77% with Ma’anyan [mhy], 73% with Dusun Witu [duv]. | |
| 41 pni |
Aoheng | Penihing. | 2,630 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, north central near Sarawak border, upper reaches of Kapuas, Barito, and Mahakam rivers. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Hovongan [hov]. | |
| 42 puc |
Punan Merap | 200 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, east of Longkemuat. | North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau | |||
| 43 pud |
Punan Aput | Aput. | Allegedly unintelligible to other Penan languages. | 370 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, west and north of Mt. Menyapa. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | |
| 44 puf |
Punan Merah | 140 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River, east of Ujohhilang. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | |||
| 45 puj |
Punan Tubu | Not a Kenyah language (Soriente 2003). | 2,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Malinau, Mentarang, and Sembakung rivers, coastal. 8 locations. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Punan Tubu | ||
| 46 put |
Putoh | Putuk. | Pa Kembaloh, Abai. May be the same as Lun Bawang [lnd]. | 6,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, east of Lundayeh and Sa'ban, Mentarang River, Longberang, Mensalong, Bangalan areas. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic | |
| 47 rir |
Ribun | Ribun, Bekidoh. | 45,000 | 1981 | West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, Tayan Hulu subdistrict. | Land Dayak | ||
| 48 sbr |
Sembakung Murut | Sembakoeng, Sembakong, Simbakong, Tingalun, Tinggalan, Tinggalum. | 5,180 (3,180) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sembakung River mouth into Sabah. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong | ||
| 49 sbx |
Seberuang | Quite similar to Desa. | 37,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas area from Nanga Silat to Selimbau, on Belimbing, Lebang, Belitang, Seauk, Tempunak, Selimbau, Silat rivers. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Ibanic | ||
| 50 scg |
Sanggau | Dosan, Mayau, Sanggau. Very heterogeneous dialects, probably more than 1 language in this group—not all Sanggau isolects mutually intelligible. Koman and Semerawai could be part of this group. | 45,000 | 1981 | West Kalimantan Province, Sanggau Regency, Kapuas River. | Land Dayak | ||
| 51 sdm |
Semandang | Kualan-Semandang. | Semandang, Gerai, Beginci, Bihak, Komi. | 20,000 | ? | West Kalimantan Province, Ketapang Regency, Kualan and Semandang rivers. | Land Dayak | |
| 52 sdo |
Bukar-Sadong Bidayuh | Buka, Bukar, Bukar Sadong, Bukar Sadung Bidayah, Sabutan, Sadong, Serian, Tebakang. | Bukar Sadong, Bukar Bidayuh (Bidayuh, Bidayah). | ? | West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border, Sanggau and Sintang regencies. | Land Dayak, Bidayuh | ||
| 53 sge |
Segai | Called Segayi by the Berau, Ga’ay by the Kenyah and Kayan. | Kelai, Segah. | 2,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Berau regency, Kelai River and around Longlaai. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang | |
| 54 sjb |
Sajau Basap | Sajau, Sujau. | Punan Sajau, Punan Basap, Punan Batu 2. Related to Basap [bdb]. | 6,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Berau and Bulungan regencies, northeast of Muaramalinau. | North Borneo, Rejang–Sajau | |
| 55 slg |
Selungai Murut | Murut. | 1,240 (640) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency east of Lumbis on upper reaches of Sembakung River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut | ||
| 56 snv |
Sa'ban | Saban, Merau. | (850) |
2000 | East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sarawak border, south of Lundayeh. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic | ||
| 57 sre |
Sara Bakati' | Sara, Riok. | Some dialect differences. Unidirectional intelligibility from Sara to Rara-Bakati’. | 4,000 | ? | West Kalimantan Province, near Sanggau-Ledo northeast of Ledo. | Land Dayak, Bakati' | |
| 58 sya |
Siang | Ot Siang. | Siang, Murung 2. Related to Dohoi. | 60,000 | 1981 | Central Kalimantan Province, Murung Raya Regency, east of Dohoi. | Greater Barito | |
| 59 tid |
Tidong | Camucones, Tedong, Tidoeng, Tidung, Tiran, Tirones, Tiroon, Zedong. | Nonukan (Nunukan), Penchangan, Sedalir (Salalir, Sadalir, Saralir, Selalir), Tidung, Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap), Sibuku. | 47,000 (27,000) |
2007 | East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sembakung and Sibuka rivers, coast and islands around Tarakan and interior, Malinau River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong | |
| 60 tjg |
Tunjung | Tunjung Dayak. | Tunjung (Tunjung Tengah), Tunjung Londong, Tunjung Linggang, Pahu. | 50,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Kutai Regency, between Adas, Dempar, Melak, and east around the lake; south Muntaiwan area. | Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam | |
| 61 tmn |
Taman | Dayak Taman, Taman Dayak. | 30,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu regency, Kapuas River, upriver from Putussibau; Mendalam and Sibau tributaries. | South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic | ||
| 62[3] tsg |
Tausug | Joloano Sulu, Moro Joloano, Sooloo, Sulu, Suluk, Taosug, Tausog, Taw Sug. | (12,000) |
1981 | Northeast Kalimantan coastal settlements, immigrants from Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. | Philippine, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Butuan–Tausug | ||
| 63 twy |
Tawoyan | Tabojan, Tabojan Tongka, Taboyan, Tabuyan, Tawoyan Dayak, Tewoyan. | 20,000 | 1981 | East Central around Palori. | Greater Barito | 77% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Dusun Deyah. | |
| 64 ulu |
Uma' Lung | Oma Longh. | Marginally intelligible with Uma Lasan [xky]. | 3,000 | 2006 | East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency mostly, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan | |
| 65 vkt |
Tenggarong Kutai Malay | Kutai, Tenggarong. | Tenggarong Kutai, Ancalong Kutai, Northern Kutai. Many dialects. Tenggarong and Kota Bangun (Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai [mqg]) are not inherently intelligible. Shares phonological innovations with Berau Malay [bve], Banjar [bjn], and Brunei [xkd]. | 210,000 (100,000 in Tenggarong, 60,000 in Ancalong, 50,000 in Northern Kutai.) | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River basin, east central coastal area, from Sepinang and Tg; Mangkalihat north to Muarabadak and Samarinda south. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | |
| 66 whk |
Wahau Kenyah | Wahau Kenya, Lebu’ Kulit. | Uma Timai, Lebu’ Kulit, Uma’ Ujok. | 8,000 | 2007 | East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam River, Batu Majang, Buluk Sen, Uma’ Dian, Muara Pedohon, Kampung Baru, Uma’ Bekuai, Tabang Lama villages. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Kayanic Kenyah | |
| 67 whu |
Wahau Kayan | Wahau Kajan. | 500 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, north of Muara Wahau. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | ||
| 68 xay |
Kayan Mahakam | 1,300 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, West Kutai and Malinau regencies, 2 areas. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | |||
| 69 xdy |
Malayic Dayak | Bamayo, Bumayoh. | Tapitn, Banana’, Kayung (Kayong), Delang, Semitau, Suhaid, Mentebah-Suruk, Arut (Sukarame), Lamandau (Landau Kantu), Sukamara (Kerta Mulya), Riam (Nibung Terjung), Belantikan (Sungkup), Tamuan, Tomun, Pangin, Sekakai, Silat. Listed dialects form a chain and may constitute 3 or more languages. Related to Kendayan [knx] and Keninjal [knl]. | 520,000 (300 Tapitn, 100,000 Banana’, 100,000 Kayung, 200,000 Delang, 10,000 Semitau, 10,000 Suhaid, 20,000 Mentebah-Suruk) | 1981 | Large portions of eastern West Kalimantan and western Central Kalimantan provinces. Banana’ and Tapitn are western, between Singakawang, Bengkayang, Darit, and Sungairaya; Kayung and Delang are southern, between Sandai, Muarakayang, Pembuanghulu, Sukamara, and Sukaraja; Semitau, Suhaid, and Mentebah-Suruk are eastern, southeast of Kapuas River from Sintang to Putus Sibau. | Malayo-Sumbawan, Malayic, Malay | |
| 70 xem |
Kembayan | Karambai. | 11,000 | 2007 | West Kalimantan Province, near Sarawak border, Balaikarangan, Kembayan, Landak River area. | Land Dayak | ||
| 71 xkd |
Mendalam Kayan | Mendalam Kajan. | 1,500 | 1981 | West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Putus Sibau, Mendalam River. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | ||
| 72 xke |
Kereho | Keriau Punan. | Busang (Kereho-Busang), Seputan, Uheng (Kereho-Uheng). | 500 | 2003 | West Kalimantan Province, far east Kapuas Hulu Regency, near Sarawak border, Kereho River. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner 'Punan' | 69% with Hovongan [hov], 69% with Aoheng [pni]. |
| 73 xkl |
Mainstream Kenyah | Usun Apau Kenyah, Highland Kenyah. | Lepo’ Tau, Lepo’ Bem, Uma’ Jalan, Uma’ Tukung, Lepo’ Ke, Lepo’ Kuda, Lepo’ Maut, Lepo’ Ndang, Badeng, Bakung, Lepo’ Tepu’. | 32,000 (12,000) |
2007 | East Kalimantan Province, Malinau Regency, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages, Kayan, Mahakam, Upper Baram, Bahau, Upper Balui, Malinau, Belayan, and Telen river areas. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah | |
| 74 xkn |
Kayan River Kayan | Kajang, Kayan River Kajan. | Uma Leken, Kayaniyut Kayan, Uma Laran. | 2,000 | 1981 | East Kalimantan Province, Kayan River, 2 areas. | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper | |
| 75 xky |
Uma' Lasan | Western Kenyah. | Uma’ Alim, Uma’ Lasan, Uma’ Baka. | (1,500) |
2003, 2005 | East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency, primarily Long Pujungan and Long Jelet Mesahan villages, also Long Pejalin (Uma’ Alim). | North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan |
