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((Short description|American inventor and philanthropist (1819–1900)))
((Use mdy dates|date=April 2021))
((Infobox person
| image       = Leander J. McCormick.jpg
| caption     = 
|birth_name   = Leander James McCormick  
| birth_date  = ((birth date|1819|02|08))
| birth_place = [[Rockbridge County, Virginia]], U.S. 
| death_date  = ((death date and age|1900|2|20|1819|02|08))
| death_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
| occupation  = Inventor, businessman and philanthropist
| parents     = [[Robert McCormick (Virginia inventor)|Robert McCormick, Jr.]]<br>Mary Ann Hall
| spouse      = ((marriage|Henrietta Maria Hamilton<br>|October 22, 1845|1899|reason=her death))
| children    = Robert Hall McCormick II<br>Elizabeth Maria McCormick<br>Henrietta Laura McCormick<br>[[L. Hamilton McCormick|Leander Hamilton McCormick]]
| signature   = Signature of Leander James McCormick (1819–1900).png
))

'''Leander James McCormick''' (February 8, 1819 – February 20, 1900) was an American inventor, manufacturer, philanthropist, and businessman and a member of the [[McCormick family]] of Chicago and Virginia. Along with his elder brothers Cyrus and William, he is regarded as one of the fathers of modern agriculture due to his part in the development of the McCormick Reaper and what became the International Harvester Company. He also owned and developed vast amounts of [[real estate]] in downtown [[Chicago]] and [[Lake Forest, Illinois]].  In 1885, he donated one of the world's largest telescopes to the [[University of Virginia]].

==Early life==
McCormick was born on February 8, 1819, in [[Rockbridge County, Virginia]]. He was the fourth of five sons born to [[Robert McCormick (Virginia inventor)|Robert McCormick, Jr.]] (1780–1846) and Mary Ann "Polly" Hall (1780–1853) of the prominent [[McCormick family]].  His older brothers were [[Cyrus McCormick]] and [[William Sanderson McCormick]].  Another older brother, Robert Hall McCormick, died as a teenager, and his younger brother, John Prestly McCormick, died as a young adult.

He was raised at the family homestead known as [[Cyrus McCormick Farm|Walnut Grove]], near [[Raphine, Virginia|Raphine]] in Rockbridge County, in the [[Shenandoah Valley]] on the western side of the [[Blue Ridge Mountains]].

==Career==
His father invented agricultural machines including the mechanical [[reaper]]. His eldest brother [[Cyrus McCormick|Cyrus]] received the patent in 1834 and Leander developed multiple improvements to the reaper and received patents for two of them, with the remainder being patented by his brother Cyrus.  Following the death of their father, Leander owned a third share of the reaper business, which amounted to 75 machines in 1846.<ref name="obit"/>

In 1847, Leander helped Cyrus set up a factory in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] that produced 100 machines.  In fall 1848, he moved to [[Chicago]] with his wife and infant son to join Cyrus in setting up an even larger factory.  Brother [[William Sanderson McCormick|William]] joined them in 1850 in a business in run by Cyrus to manufacture reapers and sell them across the [[midwestern United States]].  They created what eventually became known as the [[McCormick Harvesting Machine Company]], with Leander taking over management of the manufacturing department, which he controlled for the next 30 years. By 1870, the McCormicks were one of the wealthiest families in the [[United States]].

In 1871, the [[Great Chicago Fire]] destroyed much of the Reaper Works and other buildings, as well as the Leander McCormick family residence at the corner of [[Rush Street (Chicago)|Rush Street]] and Ohio Street, ((coord |41|53|32|N| 87|37|31|W| type:landmark_region:US-IL |display=inline |name= Rush Street at Ohio)). Leander, his wife and children fled their burning home in the early morning hours. They moved to the west side of the city for the next several years. The McCormicks, under Leander's direction, quickly rebuilt and recovered. By 1879, the business had fully recovered and was merged into a corporation.  Leander stayed active in the management of the business until his retirement in 1889.<ref name="family"/>((rp|320))

===Later life===
[[File:Virginia Hotel, Chicago, 1893.jpg|thumb|alt=rectangular building |Sketch of Virginia Hotel from 1893 brochure]]
After retiring from the business, McCormick then invested heavily in real estate.  In his later years, McCormick remained in Chicago and began to research the McCormick genealogy. He eventually produced and published a book on the McCormick family.<ref name="family">((cite book |title= Family record and biography |publisher= L.J. McCormick |author= Leander James McCormick |year= 1896 |url= https://archive.org/details/familyrecordand00mccogoog ))</ref>
In 1889 he funded construction of the Virginia Hotel at  Rush and Ohio, where McCormick spent the rest of his life.
The 400-room hotel was advertised as "an absolutely fire-proof building and a finished hotel second to no other."<ref name="hotel">((cite book |title= The Virginia Hotel, Chicago |publisher= Press of J.C. Winship & Company |year= 1893 |url= https://archive.org/details/virginiahotelchi00lawr ))</ref>
The hotel featured ornate granite interiors decorated with marble statues, separate "gentlemen's smoking room" and "ladies dining room", and a room of boilers and dynamos to offer the latest technology: electric lights. It was ready in time for the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]].<ref name="hotel"/>  At the time of his death in 1900, he had extensive holdings in [[downtown Chicago]], and a stock farm in [[Lake Forest, Illinois]].<ref name="obit"/>

McCormick donated funds for a refracting [[telescope]] to the [[University of Virginia]]. The telescope and building are known as [[McCormick Observatory]] and opened in 1885; the telescope was the largest in the U.S. and second largest in the world when completed.<ref>((cite web |title= The McCormick Family and their Mechanical Reaper |url= http://www.astro.virginia.edu/research/observatories/26inch/history/reaper.php |publisher= Leander McCormick Observatory Museum |accessdate= December 28, 2010 ))</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Grave of Leander James McCormick (1819–1900) at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|200px|McCormick's grave at Graceland Cemetery]]

On October 22, 1845, at age 26, McCormick married Henrietta Maria Hamilton at her parents' homestead, Locust Hill, in Rockbridge County. Henrietta was the daughter of John Hamilton (1789–1825).<ref>((cite book |author1= Leander McCormick-Goodhart |author2=Henrietta Laura McCormick-Goodhart |title=Genealogical tables of the descendants of John Hamilton: of "Locust Hill", Lexington, Virginia, born 1789—died 1825 |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicaltabl00mcco_0 |year=1933 |publisher=Place of publication not identified ))</ref>  Together, Henrietta and Leander were the parents of four children:
 
* Robert Hall McCormick II (1847–1917), who married Sarah Lord Day on June 1, 1871. 
* Elizabeth Maria McCormick (1850–1853), who died young.<ref name="family"/>((rp|322))
* Henrietta Laura McCormick (1857–1932), who married British barrister [[Frederick E. McCormick-Goodhart]] (1854–1924) on November 14, 1883, established a ((convert|540|acre|km2|adj=on)) estate northeast of [[Washington D.C.]] known as [[Langley Park (Langley Park, Maryland)|Langley Park]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Langley Park / McCormick-Goodhart Mansion |url= http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/LangleyPark.pdf |work= National Register of Historic Places Registration |date=October 2007  |author=Susan G. Pearl |publisher=National Park Service  |accessdate= December 30, 2010 ))</ref> She published a memoir titled ''Hands across the sea''.<ref>((cite book |author=Henrietta Laura McCormick-Goodhart |title=Hands across the sea: Reminiscences of an Anglo-American marriage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUydGAAACAAJ |year=1921 |publisher= R. R. Donnelley))</ref> 
* [[L. Hamilton McCormick|Leander Hamilton McCormick]] (1859–1934), who married Constance Plummer on February 14, 1887.

His wife died in November 1899, and he died on February 20, 1900, at the Virginia Hotel.<ref name="obit">((cite news |title= Leander J. McCormick Dead |newspaper=Lexington Gazette |location= Lexington, Virginia |date= February 28, 1900 |url= http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024716/1900-02-28/ed-1/seq-3/ |accessdate= December 30, 2010 ))</ref> He was buried at [[Graceland Cemetery]]. His eldest son became executor of the estate.

===Family tree===
((McCormick Chicago family tree))

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

((McCormick family|state=autocollapse))((International Harvester))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:McCormick, Leander J.))
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American inventors]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chicago]]
[[Category:McCormick family]]
[[Category:People from Rockbridge County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)]]

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