Lebanese Front الجبهة اللبنانية
Leaders	Pierre Gemayel Camille Chamoun Suleiman Franjieh
Dates of operation	1976–1986
Group(s)	Kataeb Party National Liberal Party Marada Movement Guardians of the Cedars Al-Tanzim Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG) Tyous Team of Commandos Zahliote Group Shuraya Party Vanguard of the Maani Army (MDJ) (Other minor organizations)
Headquarters	Beirut
Ideology	Lebanese nationalism Anti-communism Anti-pan-Arabism Factions: Christian nationalism Falangism Fascism (allegedly) Phoenicianism Anti-Arabism Anti-Palestinianism
Size	20,000 (1976) >90,000 (1978-1986)
Allies	Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) Army of Free Lebanon (AFL) South Lebanon Army (SLA) Lebanese Army Revolutionary Command (LARC) Lebanese Armed Forces (sometimes) Syrian Armed Forces (until 1978)
Opponents	Lebanese National Movement (LNM) Lebanese Armed Forces (sometimes) Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF) Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) People's Liberation Army (PLA) Syrian Social National Party (SSNP) Syrian Armed Forces (1978–1990)
Battles and wars	Lebanese War (1975–1986)

The Lebanese Front (Arabic: الجبهة اللبنانية, al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya) was a coalition of mainly right-wing Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian groups during the Lebanese Civil War.^[1] It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt and other left-wing allies.

History

The Lebanese Front was presided by the former president of Lebanon, Camille Chamoun, and its main participants were Pierre Gemayel, the founder and leader of the then-largest political party in Lebanon, the Kataeb Party, president Suleiman Frangieh, who had just finished his presidential years in office.^[1] It also included first class intellectuals, such as distinguished professor of philosophy and eminent diplomat Charles Malik who had been president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1958, and Fouad Frem al-Boustani, the president of the Lebanese University. The front also included religious figures such as Father Charbel Qassis, who was later replaced by Father Bulus Naaman the "head of the permanent congress of the Lebanese monastic orders".^[1] For a brief while the poet Said Aql was a member.

As soon as the war erupted in Lebanon, and before the Lebanese Front was formed, many of the future leaders of the Lebanese Front organized their political parties into militias, most notably Camille Chamoun's National Liberal Party, Pierre Gemayel's influential longstanding Kataeb Party, and Suleiman Frangieh's Marada Brigade. The number of men totalled around 18,000, which was a relatively large number given that the total population of Lebanon was less than three million.

However, the relations among the participants became tense mainly due to Frangieh's pro-Syrian approach.^[2] In addition, in 1978, Suleiman Frangieh's son Tony and his family were killed by armed Kataeb militiamen trying to kidnap him acting on orders from Bashir Gemayel, the son of Pierre Gemayel.^[3] The incident is known as the Ehden massacre. It was this turning point that prompted Suleiman Frangieh to resign from the Front.^[3]

In 1982, the Lebanese Front promoted Bachir Gemayel for the presidency. He was elected as president by the Lebanese parliament by 58 out of 62 votes from both Christians and Muslims, only to be assassinated three weeks later.

During the second half of the 1980s, most of the prominent leaders of the Lebanese Front died (Pierre Gemayel in 1984, both Chamoun and Charles Malik in 1987) and were replaced by other leaders like George Saadeh, Amin Gemayel and Karim Pakradouni. The Lebanese Front then lived for a short period only. Dany Chamoun, son of deceased Camille Chamoun, formed a new Lebanese Front, but a week after the end of the Lebanese War in October 1990, Dany was assassinated and the Lebanese Front came to an end.