Lee Hysan or Lee Hy-san (1879 – 30 April 1928) was a Hong Kong businessman who was involved in the opium trade and refinery, as well as land development in British Hong Kong during the early 1900s. He was nicknamed the Opium King in Hong Kong and Macau.
Early life
Lee was born in Hawaii. Lee's father was Lee Leung-yik (Chinese: 利良奕), a businessman who was heavily involved in the opium business in Hong Kong and China. Lee's ancestral home was Kaiping, China, and Lee Leung-yik immigrated and moved his family to the US during the California Gold Rush at age 49 when immigration from Qing-era China was illegal. After making a small fortune, the family left San Francisco in 1896 and eventually relocated to Xinhui, Guangdong Province and then to Hong Kong.[1]
At age seventeen, after arriving in Hong Kong. Lee Hysan continued his studies at Queen's College. Since he spoke English fluently, he later taught English at Queen's College, his alma mater.
Career
Lee's father achieved great wealth from the opium trade, and Lee inherited his father's business. Having amassed a great fortune from his successful opium business, Lee later participated in the fast-growing Hong Kong real estate market.
In 1923, he bought the Jardine's Hill property, west of Causeway Bay, from Jardines for HK$3.8 million. He initially wanted to build opium refinery facilities there, but owing to the global anti-opium movement, he changed his plan and developed the property as Lee Garden.[2] It is approximately the area around Lee Garden Road, Lee Theatre, Yun Ping Road and Percival Street.
Children
In March 1905, Lee's son Richard Charles Lee was born in Hong Kong. In December 1924, Lee's son Jung Kong Lee was also born in Hong Kong.
Death and legacy
On 30 April 1928, Lee was shot on a street in the Central district in Hong Kong and died shortly after yelling for help. The assassination was possibly due to a growing public resentment of his opium business, which people believed had caused great harm to Chinese society. The assassin was never caught, despite his family offering a huge bounty. When the news of his murder reached Macau, many people went into celebrations with a prolonged bursting of firecrackers.[3]
There was a popular doggerel in Hong Kong showing Lee's notoriety. The first characters of the first three lines sound (in Cantonese) almost the same as Lee's name:[4]
利己害人 lei6 gei2 hoi6 jan4
欺貧重富 hei1 pan4 zung6 fu3
神憎鬼厭 san4 zang1 gwai2 jim3
街知巷聞 gaai1 zi1 hong6 man4
Literal translation:
Benefiting oneself while harming others,
Oppressing the poor while respecting the rich.
Detested by the deities and disgusted by the ghosts,
Known on the streets and heard on the alleys.
Notable relatives
Many of Lee's descendants and other family members are notable in their own right:
