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((short description|Town in Essex, England))
((for|the song by Assembly Now|Leigh-On-Sea (song)))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2023))
((infobox UK place
|official_name            = Leigh-on-Sea
|static_image_name        = Old Leigh.jpg
|static_image_caption     = The Old Leigh waterfront at low tide, with cockle boats
|country                  = England
|region                   = East of England
|population               = 22,509
|population_ref           = (2011)<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11125545&c=Leigh-on-Sea&d=16&e=62&g=6394854&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1442832800227&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|access-date           = 21 September 2015))</ref>
|os_grid_reference        = TQ841859
|coordinates              = ((coord|51.5425|0.6535|display=inline,title))
|civil_parish             = Leigh-on-Sea<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.leighonseatowncouncil.gov.uk/|title=Leigh-on-Sea Town Council – Home|website=www.leighonseatowncouncil.gov.uk))</ref>
|post_town                = LEIGH-ON-SEA
|postcode_area            = SS
|postcode_district        = SS9
|dial_code                = 01702
|constituency_westminster = [[Southend West (UK Parliament constituency)|Southend West]]
|unitary_england          = [[City of Southend-on-Sea|Southend-on-Sea]]
|lieutenancy_england      = [[Essex]]
| module = ((Infobox mapframe|stroke-width=1|zoom=11|width=240))
))
'''Leigh-on-Sea''' (((IPAc-en|pron|ˌ|l|iː|-))), commonly referred to simply as '''Leigh''', is a [[List of towns in England|town]] and [[civil parish]] in the city of [[Southend-on-Sea]], in the ceremonial county of [[Essex]], England. In 2011 it had a population of 22,509.

==Geography==
[[File:A Calm Old Leigh Morning.jpg|thumb|left|A calm Old Leigh morning]]
[[File:Leigh-on-Sea - Old Leigh - 04.jpg|thumb|left|The Old Leigh waterfront at high tide]]
[[File:Leigh-on-Sea - Old Leigh - 09.jpg|thumb|left|The High Street in Old Leigh]]
[[File:Hayden Peek - Chalkwell Beach Sunset.jpg|thumb|left|View across the Thames Estuary at sunset]]
Leigh-on-Sea is on the northern side of the [[Thames Estuary]], a few miles from the open waters of the [[North Sea]] to the east, and a similar distance from the [[Kent]] coast to the south. The coastal environs of the town feature a nature reserve at [[Two Tree Island]] and a centrally located beach adjacent to Bell Wharf. At low tide Leigh's foreshore has a wide expanse of mud flats and [[Creek (tidal)|creeks]], extending offshore towards the deep water channel of the [[River Thames|Thames]] (Yantlet Channel). Leigh is ((convert|40|mi|km|abbr=off|round=5)) from central London via road and rail networks and is part of the [[London commuter belt]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-analysis/urban-audit/urban-audit-ii/urban-audit---social-cohesion--london.xls|title=Social Cohesion in London|last=Office for National Statistics|first=Office for National Statistics))</ref>

==History==
===Origins===
Archaeological finds of pottery and coins from [[Romano-British culture|Romano-British]] era in the locality suggest early settlement.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.canveyisland.org/page/the_vanishing_past|title=Leigh Beck Archaeology and RHFAG ((!)) The Vanishing Past ((!)) Archaeology on Canvey ((!)) History ((!)) Canvey Island Archive|website=www.canveyisland.org|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-05-31))</ref> From at least the [[Saxon England|Saxon period]] a hilltop clearing amidst the woodland that covered much of the surrounding area (the Rochford Hundred) of Essex came to be known as Leigh (Lee in Anglo-Saxon).<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfjkAAAAMAAJ&q=leigh-on-sea+rochford+hundred|title=Leigh-on-Sea: A History|last=Williams|first=Judith|date=2002|publisher=Phillimore|isbn=978-1-86077-220-7|pages=40|language=en))</ref>

A place of minor economic importance at the time of the [[Norman Conquest]], a reference to Leigh (Legra) appears in the [[Domesday Book]] survey of 1086 where it lists a population of 9, in the ownership of Ranulf Peverel in the Rochford Hundred.<ref>((cite web|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ8486/leigh/|title=Leigh|website=Open Domesday|access-date=11 April 2023))</ref>

[[File:StClementsChurch LeighOnSea.jpg|thumb|St Clement's Church, Leigh-on-Sea]]
[[St Clement's Church, Leigh-on-Sea|St Clement's Church]] was rebuilt in the late 15th century or early 16th century, although the list of rectors dates back 1248. The fabric of the church is of [[Kentish ragstone]] and flint rubble, with a [[Tudor England|Tudor]] porch constructed of red brick. The mediaeval structure of the church was added to and altered during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The chancel was extended at the east end in 1872 by C. F. Haywood; Ernest Geldart added the south aisle in 1897, and there were a number of alterations made by [[Sir Charles Nicholson, 2nd Baronet|Sir Charles Nicholson]] in 1913 and 1919. The tower at the west end was a prominent landmark for shipping on the Thames Estuary, and the building contains a good selection of stained glass dating from between the 18th and 20th centuries. The building is [[Grade II* listed]] by [[Historic England]], and a key factor for this rating was the sympathetic nature of the 19th and 20th century additions.<ref>((NHLE |num=1322326 |desc=Church of St Clement |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref>

Leigh Hall, a medieval manor house for the parish that was demolished in 1907, was once situated near the ancient eastern manorial boundary of Leigh and [[Prittlewell]].<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3CJEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22leigh+hall%22+southend&pg=PT15|title=Secret City of Southend|author=Ian Yearsley|date=2022|isbn=9781398111554))</ref>

Robert Eden, who became rector of Leigh in 1837, demolished the previous rectory and commissioned a large new one, which was completed in 1838. One quarter of the building remains today as Leigh Library, as the other wings of the building were demolished by Southend Corporation when they acquired the building and the surrounding land. The rectory and grounds occupied a ((convert|6|acre|ha|round=0.5|abbr=off|adj=on)) site, and the work carried out by Eden included the construction of Rectory Grove as a public right of way, which replaced an existing cliff-top path called Chess Lane.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.leigh-on-sea.net/leigh_library.html |title=Leigh Library – The Original Rectory |website=leigh-on-sea.net |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref> Leigh Library was designated as a listed building at Grade II in 1974.<ref>((Cite web|title=LEIGH LIBRARY, Leigh-on-Sea – 1112706 ((!)) Historic England|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1112706|access-date=2021-12-09|website=historicengland.org.uk|language=en))</ref>

==='Old Leigh'===
In the 11th century Leigh was a marginal community of homesteads. The [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 records 'five smallholders above the water who do not hold land',<ref>Rumble, A (1983) Domesday Book 32 Essex; Phillimore & Co. Ltd</ref> who were probably engaged in fishing thus giving Leigh a claim to nearly a thousand years of activity in the fishing industry.<ref>((cite web |url=http://thamesestuarypartnership.org/ntflag/ |title=North Thames Fisheries local action group |publisher=Thames Estuary Partnership |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref>

The main seafood catch from Leigh fishing boats has always been [[shellfish]] and [[whitebait]]. Many of the local trawlers were at one time [[bawley]]s, and two of Old Leigh's pubs – the ''Peter Boat'' and ''Ye Olde [[Smack (ship)|Smack]]'' – owe their names to types of local fishing boat.

The riverside settlement of 'Old Leigh', or 'The Old Town', is historically significant; it was once on the primary shipping route to London. From the [[Middle Ages]] until the turn of the 20th century, Old Leigh hosted the settlement's market square, and high street (known as Leigh Strand). Elizabethan historian [[William Camden]] (1551–1623) described Leigh as "a proper fine little towne and verie full of stout and adventurous sailers".<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/travellers/Camden/16#pn_21 |first=William |last=Camden |title=Essex |publisher=A Vision of Britain through time |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref> By the 1740s however, Leigh's deep water access had become silted up (as attested to by [[John Wesley]]) and the village was in decline as an anchorage and port of call.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/travellers/J_Wesley/7#pn_44 |first=John |last=Wesley |title=The journal of John Wesley |publisher=A Vision of Britain through time |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref>

===Modern era===
Broadway developed between the 1870s and the 1920s from a residential street to a commercial parade of shopfronts, as the town began to expand. During the 1920s, Broadway was extended further west with the demolition of a large manor house, Black House/Leigh House (built 1620).

In 1983 Leigh gained its own paper, ''[[The Leigh Times Series|Leigh Times]]'', and in 1996 gained its own Town Council.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.leighonseatowncouncil.gov.uk/|title=Leigh Town Council|access-date=5 October 2018))</ref>

During the 1990s and the early 21st century Leigh-on-Sea went through more change: the growing dominance of out-of-town, 24-hour supermarkets and retail parks, as well as the arrival and popularity of retail [[online shopping]], meant that much local business had to reinvent itself, either as venues for socialising, or to offer niche services and products to cater for the town's changing demographic.
[[File:Hayden Peek - Leigh-On-Sea - Boat In The Mist.jpg|thumb|A foggy winter morning in Leigh-On-Sea]]

Leigh-on-Sea has frequently been cited as one of the best places to live in the UK, owing to factors such as its proximity to London, nearby outstanding Westcliff and Southend grammar schools, good access to sports and arts activities, multiple opportunities to develop skills, and a strong sense of belonging and community spirit.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/11842351.Which_Essex_town_has_been_named_fourth_best_place_to_live_in_the_UK_/|title=Which Essex town has been named fourth best place to live in the UK?|website=Echo|language=en|access-date=2017-01-20))</ref> A 2018 survey by [[Rightmove]] found that Leigh-on-Sea was the place in the UK where people were happiest living.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2018-11-29/leigh-on-sea-essex-is-the-best-place-to-live-in-britain-says-rightmove/|title=Leigh-on-Sea, Essex is the best place to live in Britain, says Rightmove|publisher=ITV|date=29 November 2018|access-date=2021-03-24))</ref>

Reports in the local newspaper; the Southend Echo, have suggested (with such opinion supported by many local business owners) that Southend-on-Sea City Centre (to avoid the demise of many ‘High Streets’) needs to ‘follow’ the example of Leigh Broadway and Leigh Road…with independent businesses, rather than national chains,  being the prime tenants. 

On 15 October 2021 [[David Amess|Sir David Amess]], the local [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]], [[Murder of David Amess|was stabbed to death]] at a constituency surgery being held in Belfairs Methodist Church in the town.<ref>((Cite web|date=15 October 2021|title=MP David Amess dies after being stabbed at constituency meeting|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/oct/15/mp-david-amess-dies-after-being-stabbed-at-constituency-surgery|access-date=2021-10-15|website=The Guardian|language=en))</ref>

==Transport==
Leigh-on-Sea is served by [[Leigh-on-Sea railway station]] on the [[London, Tilbury and Southend line]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.c2c-online.co.uk/stations/leigh-on-sea-station/|title=Leigh on Sea Train Station ((!)) Your Guide to Leigh on Sea by Train|website=c2c|language=en-GB|access-date=30 January 2019))</ref> Regular, daily bus services run between Southend-on-Sea, Benfleet, [[Canvey Island]], [[Basildon]], Rayleigh and [[Chelmsford]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnshowl.asp?L1=LEI0170 |title=Local bus, coach and rail information |publisher=Carl Berry |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref> Scheduled flights to national and European destinations operate out of nearby [[London Southend Airport]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://southendairport.com/destinations |title=Destinations |website=southendairport.com |access-date=30 July 2017))</ref>

The current railway station is situated near the western end of Old Leigh [[marina]]. Built in 1934, it replaced the original station, which was opposite Bell Wharf.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

==Governance==
Leigh-on-Sea is a district of [[Southend-on-Sea]], and includes the [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral wards]] Belfairs, Blenheim Park, Eastwood Park, Leigh and West Leigh. The two latter Electoral Wards and one Poll District of Belfairs and Blenheim Park Wards are included in the Leigh-on-Sea Town Council area, which is a [[civil parish]]. It is represented in [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] in the [[Southend West (UK Parliament constituency)|Southend West]] constituency, by [[Anna Firth]]. 

The population of the entire district taken at the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 Census]] was 38,931.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/leigh-e05002217#sthash.h4hFyMMY.dpbs|title=Southend Ward (Leigh) population 2011|access-date=21 September 2015))</ref>

==Festivals and activities==
Several annual events have become well established, including Leigh Regatta, [[Leigh Folk Festival]]<ref>((Cite web|url=https://leighfolkfestival.com/|title=Leigh Folk Festival &#124; The UK's biggest free folk festival))</ref> and The Leigh Art Trail.<ref name=":0" /><ref>((Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84993978 |title=Leigh Art. |date=2003 |publisher=Leigh Art Trail Group of Artists |others=Leigh Art Trail Group of Artists |isbn=978-0-9544985-0-4 |location=Leigh-on-Sea |oclc=84993978))</ref> The [[regatta]] is held over one weekend in September.

== Museums and galleries ==
Leigh Heritage Centre is located in the Old Smithy and serves as a museum for Old Leigh. It is run by the Leigh Society, who have also opened the next-door Plumbs Cottage, a restored and substantially rebuilt 1850s fisherman's cottage.<ref>((Cite web|title=The Leigh Society – an eye to the future an ear to the past in the heart of leigh|url=http://www.leighsociety.com/index.htm|access-date=2021-12-16|website=www.leighsociety.com))</ref>

Old Leigh Art Studios is a commercial gallery with artists studios. It was established by the artist Sheila Appleton and potter Richard Baxter in 1991. They have since been joined by painter Ian Smith and ceramicist Julie O’Sullivan.<ref>((Cite web|title=Old Leigh Art Studios|url=https://www.visitsouthend.co.uk/venue/old-leigh-art-studios/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=Visit Southend|language=en))</ref> The studios participate in the annual Leigh Art Trail.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|title=Leigh Art Trail|url=https://www.leigharttrail.com/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=Leigh Art Trail|language=en-GB))</ref>

==Notable people==
((sources|section|date=May 2023))
*[[John Barber (businessman)|John Barber]] (1919–2004), former Finance Director of Ford of Europe & managing director of [[British Leyland]].<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.aronline.co.uk/news/obituary-john-barber-2/|title=Obituary – John Barber|publisher=aronline.co.uk|date=13 November 2004|access-date=30 September 2020))</ref>
*[[Lee Brilleaux]], musician
*[[Phil Cornwell]], actor, comedian and impressionist
*[[Stephen Cottrell]], [[Archbishop of York]] since 2020, born in Leigh-on-Sea
*[[Tina Cousins]], singer
*[[Robert Daws]] (Born 4 May 1959) is an Actor who is known, for instance, for the portrayal of [[The_Royal#Cast_and_characters|Dr Gordon Ormerod]] in the [[ITV_Yorkshire|Yorkshire Television (YTV)]] for [[ITV_(TV_network)|ITV]] 1960's [[Medical_drama|Medical Drama]] [[The Royal]].
*[[Robert Eden (bishop)|Robert Eden]], rector of Leigh-on-Sea
*[[John Fowles]], author
*[[Phill Jupitus]], comedian, who moved to Leigh in 2000<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.essexlifemag.co.uk/people/celebrity-interviews/orbiting-jupitus-1-1634739 |title=Orbiting Jupitus |publisher=Essex Life |access-date=31 July 2017))</ref>
*[[David Lloyd (tennis)|David Lloyd]], tennis player and businessman
*[[John Lloyd (tennis)|John Lloyd]], tennis player
*[[Robert King (footballer)|Robert King]], footballer and rector of Leigh-on-Sea from 1892 to 1950
*[[Marie Macarte]], equestrian performer 
*[[Helen Mirren]], actress, born in Hammersmith and brought up in Leigh-on-Sea<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8303064/Helen-Mirren-interview.html |title=Helen Mirren interview |work=The Telegraph|date=7 February 2011))</ref>
*[[Peggy Mount]], actress, born in Leigh-on-Sea on 2 May 1918.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/nov/14/guardianobituaries.filmnews |title=Peggy Mount |work=The Guardian|date=14 November 2001))</ref>
*[[Julian Parkhill]], geneticist, working with pathogens
*[[Vivian Stanshall]], artist and musician
*[[Alister Watson]], mathematician and alleged member of the [[Cambridge Five|Cambridge spy ring]]
* [[Rebecca West]], author, lived at Marine Parade between 1917 and 1919.<ref>((cite web |last1=Howeson |first1=Louise |title=The house in Leigh where Dame Rebecca West lived with HG Wells' love child |url=https://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/23098897.house-leigh-dame-rebecca-west-lived-hg-wells-love-child/ |website=Eastern Daily Press |access-date=7 November 2022))</ref>
*[[Michael Wilding (actor)|Michael Wilding]], actor.

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((commons category|Leigh-on-Sea))
* [http://www.leighonseatowncouncil.gov.uk/ Leigh-on-Sea Town Council web site]
* [http://leighsociety.com/leighheritagecentre.htm The Leigh Society – Leigh Heritage Centre]

((Essex))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Leigh-On-Sea))
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Essex]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea]]
[[Category:Southend-on-Sea (district)]]
[[Category:Towns in Essex]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Essex]]

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Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Location map (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Location map/data/United Kingdom Essex (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:Location map/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ordnance Survey coordinates (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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