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((short description|American poet))

((Infobox person
| name               = Lenore Kandel
| image              = Lenore Kandel.jpg
| caption            = Kandel holding a copy of ''The Love Book''
| birth_date         = January 14, 1932
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date         = October 18, 2009 (aged 77)
| death_place        = [[San Francisco, California]], U.S.
| education          = [[LA City College]], [[The New School for Social Research]]
| occupation         = Poet, Activist
| years_active       = 1960&ndash;1970
| notable_works      = ''The Love Book'' (1966)<br>''Word Alchemy'' (1967)
| movement           = [[Beat Generation]], [[Hippie]], [[Diggers (theater)]]
| parents            = [[Aben Kandel]] (Father)
))

'''Lenore Kandel''' (January 14, 1932, [[New York City]] – October 18, 2009, [[San Francisco]], [[California]]) was an American poet, affiliated with the [[Beat Generation]] and [[Hippie]] counterculture.

== Biography ==
((Moresources|section|date=July 2023))
Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. Her brother was future screenwriter [[Stephen Kandel]].

She returned to New York to attend [[The New School for Social Research]] on scholarship for three and a half years before she dropped out. She moved to San Francisco in 1960. She began living in the East-West House co-op, where she met [[Jack Kerouac]], who later immortalized her as ''Romana Swartz'', "a big Rumanian monster beauty", in his novel ''[[Big Sur (novel)|Big Sur]]'' (1962). In the novel, she is described as being the girlfriend of Dave Wain, who was based on [[Lew Welch]]. "Dave" describes how she walked around the "Zen-East House" (''East-West House'') wearing only purple panties. Kerouac described her as "intelligent, well read, writes poetry, is a [[Zen]] student, knows everything [...]" (''[[Big Sur (novel)|Big Sur]]'', p.&nbsp;75).

Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.

Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009|work=Arthur Magazine|date=5 November 2009 ))</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">((cite book|author=William Lawlor|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169|date=1 January 2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4|pages=169–))</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>

In 1964, she participated in The Berkeley Poetry Conference organized by Richard Baker, Program Coordinator, University of California Berkeley, Liberal Arts Extension, along with poets Robert Duncan, Charles Olson, Allen Ginsberg, Bob Creeley, and many others. Kandel was a speaker at the [[Human Be-In]] in the [[Golden Gate Park]] polo fields on January 14, 1967. The only woman to speak from the stage, Kandel defiantly read from ''The Love Book''. It was her 35th birthday, and McClure later stated, "The entire crowd of 20,000 or 30,000 people sang 'Happy Birthday' to her."<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lenore-kandel-beat-poet-whose-the-love-book-fell-victim-to-one-of-san-franciscos-longest-ever-court-cases-1837947.html|title=Lenore Kandel: Beat poet whose 'The Love Book' fell victim to one of San Francisco's longest ever court cases|work=The Independent|date=11 December 2009 ))</ref>

Kandel published her only full-length book of poems, ''Word Alchemy'', in 1967. She was one of 15 people interviewed in ''Voices from the Love Generation'' ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968). In 1976, Kandel recited a poem at the iconic concert [[The Last Waltz]] performed by [[The Band]] (but was not included in the film or soundtrack).<ref name="Hoskyns2006">((cite book|author=Barney Hoskyns|title=Across the Great Divide: The Band and America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEA7MuMoLqcC&pg=PA348|year=2006|publisher=Hal Leonard|isbn=978-1-4234-1442-1|pages=348–))</ref>

In 1970, Kandel suffered massive spinal injuries in a motorcycle crash with her then-husband Billy "Sweet Wiliam" Fritsch (poet, [[stevedore]], and member of the [[Diggers (theater)]] and [[Hells Angels]]). Despite having to cope with excruciating pain for the remainder of her life, she continued to write and maintain social ties.

She died at home on October 18, 2009, of complications from [[lung cancer]], with which she had been diagnosed several weeks earlier.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/BAN61A8O9A.DTL|title=Lenore Kandel - 'The Love Book' author - dies|work=SFGate))</ref>

In 2012, ''Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel'' was published. It features 80 of her poems, many of which had never before been published.<ref>((Cite book|isbn = 978-1583943724|title = Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel|last1 = Kandel|first1 = Lenore|year = 2012| publisher=North Atlantic Books ))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724|title=North Atlantic Books - Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429102221/http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724|archivedate=2012-04-29))</ref>

== Film and music ==
((in popular culture|date=September 2018))
Kandel appears in the [[Diggers (theater)|Digger]] film ''[[Nowsreal]]'' (1968), sewing a Hells Angel patch on William Fritsch's jacket.

Kandel appears in the [[Kenneth Anger]] film ''[[Invocation of My Demon Brother]]'' (1969), with William Fritsch, smoking a marijuana cigarette contained in a miniature skull.

In the 2013 film [[Big Sur (film)|''Big Sur'']], Kandel is portrayed by [[Stana Katic]].

== Selected works ==
===By Lenore Kandel===
* Lenore Kandel, ''Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel'', North Atlantic Books, 2012, ((ISBN|1583943722)), ((ISBN|978-1583943724))
* [https://www.facebook.com/GeekCityApocalypso/ Limited edition of The Love Book published by Joe Pachinko of Superstition Street Press in 2003], ((ISBN|0-9665313-1-0))
* Lenore Kandel, ''Word Alchemy'', [[Grove Press]], Evergreen trade paperback, 1967,  ((ISBN|1-299-22275-7))
* Lenore Kandel, ''The Love Book'', Stolen Paper Review, San Francisco, 1966, paperbound, 8 pages
* Lenore Kandel, ''A Passing Dragon See Again'', Three Penny Press, Studio City, 1959.
* Lenore Kandel, ''An Exquisite Navel'', Three Penny Press, Studio City, 1959.
* Lenore Kandel, ''A Passing Dragon'', Three Penny Press, Studio City, 1959?.

===Anthologies featuring Kandel's work===
* Brenda Knight, ''Women of the Beat Generation'' (Conari Press, 1996) contains a biographical portrait of Kandel, as well as three of her poems
* Richard Peabody (ed.), ''A Different Beat: Writings by Women of the Beat Generation'' (Serpents Tail, 1997), pp 100–103
* Carole Tonkinson (ed.), ''Big Sky Mind: Buddhism and the Beat Generation'' (Riverhead Books, 1995), pp 260–272.
* Anne Waldman (ed.), ''The Beat Book: Writings from the Beat Generation'' (Shambhala, 2007)
* Carmela Ciuraru (ed.), ''Beat Poets'' (Everyman's Library, 2002)
* David Steinberg (ed.), ''The Erotic Impulse'' (Tarcher, 1992) contains "Seven of Velvet," which is not available in other collections
* Alan Kaufman and S.A. Griffin (ed.), ''The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry'' (Basic Books, 1999)
* Jenny Skerl (ed.), ''Reconstructing the Beats'' ([[Macmillan (publisher)|Palgrave Macmillan]], 2004), Ronna C. Johnson, chapter 6, contains an essay about Kandel and selections from her poems
* Leonard Wolf (ed.), in collaboration with Deborah Wolf, ''Voices from the Love Generation''  ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968) hardcover, 283 pages, interviews done in Haight-Ashbury

== References ==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kandel, Lenore))
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:American women poets]]
[[Category:Beat Generation writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in California]]
[[Category:Poets from New York City]]
[[Category:Writers from San Francisco]]
[[Category:20th-century American poets]]
[[Category:20th-century American women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]
[[Category:21st-century American women]]

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