Leo Martin (1937–2011) was a founder of the Provisional IRA in Belfast and a prominent figure in The Troubles.

Early life

Martin was born in 1937, and had been interned during the Border campaign of 1956–1962.[1] In June 1953 he was sentenced to 30 days' imprisonment for possessing copies of An Phoblacht.[2]

IRA career

In 1966 he narrowly twice avoided assassination by the UVF, who had been actively seeking him out; failing to find him, they shot Matilda Gould—a protestant[3]—and John Scullion.[4] Martin, a prominent republican,[5] was one of only two men from the north who were members of the Pre-split IRA Army Council; the rest were from Dublin or other parts of the Republic.[6] Martin, by now considered a veteran of the movement,[7] attended the meeting of 24 August 1969 at which it was alleged that the Officer Commanding the IRA's Belfast Brigade, Liam McMillen was not defending the city's Catholic community as they expected him to. As a result, he was allowed to remain as OC only on the condition that he broke off contact with the Dublin leadership.[8] Following the split in the republican movement in 1969 between the Official and the Provisional IRAs, Martin was voted onto the first Provisional Army Council that selected Chief of Staff Seán Mac Stíofáin,[1][note 1] and in August was despatched with the mission to collect as many arms from the south as possible.[7] In the early 1970s, British Army agents were in contact with Martin and other Provisionals in Clonard in an attempt calm the rioting which was occurring almost every Friday night.[9] Imprisoned in Portlaoise Prison in 1977,[10] he led a mass-hunger strike, along with O'Connaíll and Dan Hoban which lasted 47 days.[11]

Later life and death

Martin left the Provisionals and joined Ruairí Ó Brádaigh's Republican Sinn Fein.[12] In 2014 Loyalist supergrass Gary Haggarty revealed that Martin had been an intended target of the UVF in an attack planned weeks before the organisation called its 1994 ceasefire.[13] Martin died in Belfast in 2011 and was buried in Milltown Cemetery.[14]

Notes

  1. ^ Other attendees included Jimmy Steele—at whose house the meeting was held—Billy McKee, John and Billy Kelly, Joe Cahill, Seamus Twomey, Gerry Adams, Dáithí Ó Conaill and Jimmy Drumm.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b English 2005, p. 113.
  2. ^ MacEoin 1997, pp. 248, 423.
  3. ^ Coogan 1996, p. 58.
  4. ^ English 2005, pp. 113–114.
  5. ^ Coogan 1996, p. 111.
  6. ^ Coogan 1996, p. 113.
  7. ^ a b White 2006, p. 146.
  8. ^ a b English 2005, p. 105.
  9. ^ Coogan 1996, p. 132.
  10. ^ Kinealy 2013, p. 87.
  11. ^ Coogan 1995, p. 317.
  12. ^ White 1993, p. 159.
  13. ^ Morris 2014.
  14. ^ BBC News 2011.

Bibliography

  • BBC News (2 February 2011). "Funeral of Belfast Provisional IRA founder Leo Martin". BBC.
  • Coogan, T. P. (1995). The IRA (rev. ed.). London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00638-401-4.
  • Coogan, T. P. (1996). The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal 1966–1995 and the Search for Peace. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-09946-571-3.
  • English, R. (2005). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19517-753-4.
  • Kinealy, C. (2013). War and Peace: Ireland since the 1960s. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-113-6.
  • MacEoin, Uinseann (1997). The IRA in the twilight years: 1923–1948 (PDF). Dublin: Argenta. ISBN 9780951117248. Retrieved 8 May 2020 – via Irish Military Archives.
  • Morris, A. (14 October 2014). "UVF planning murders in weeks before '94 ceasefire". The Irish News.
  • White, R. W. (1993). Provisional Irish Republicans: An Oral and Interpretive History. London: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-31328-564-6.
  • White, R. W. (2006). Ruairí Ó Brádaigh: The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34708-4.
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