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((Short description|American organic chemist (1934–2019)))
((more citations needed|date=April 2016))
((Infobox scientist
| name              = Leo Paquette
| image             = <!--(filename only)-->
| image_size        = 
| caption           = 
| birth_date        = ((birth date|1934|7|15))
| birth_place       = [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| death_date        = ((death date and age|2019|1|21|1934|7|15))
| death_place       = [[Columbus, Ohio]], U.S.
| fields            = [[Organic chemistry]]
| workplaces        = [[Upjohn|Upjohn Company]]<br />[[Ohio State University]]
| alma_mater        = [[College of the Holy Cross]] ([[B. S.|BS]])<br />[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] ([[PhD]])
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| academic_advisors = 
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = [[Dodecahedrane|Dodecahedrane synthesis]]
| author_abbrev_bot = 
| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| influences        = 
| influenced        = 
| awards            = [[Sloan Fellowship|Arthur P. Sloan Fellowship]]<br />[[Guggenheim Fellowship]]<br />[[Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award]]
| religion          = 
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
| footnotes         = 
))

'''Leo Armand Paquette''' (((#dateformat:July 15, 1934)) – January 21, 2019)<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/thisweeknews/obituary.aspx?pid=191331773|title=Leo Paquette Obituary - Columbus, OH &#124; This Week Community Newspapers|website=[[Legacy.com]] ))</ref> was an American [[organic chemistry|organic chemist]].

==Biography==
Paquette was born on July 15, 1934. He received his B.S. degree in 1956 from the [[College of the Holy Cross]] and his Ph.D. in [[organic chemistry]] from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1959 with professor Norman Allan Nelson. After serving as a research associate at the Upjohn Company from 1959 to 1963, he joined the faculty of [[Ohio State University]] (OSU).

Paquette was promoted to full professor at OSU in 1969 and was named Distinguished University Professor in 1987. He was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1984, and was the founding editor of the ''[[Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis|Electronic Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis]] (e-EROS).<ref>((cite book | title = e-EROS: Editors & Contributors | doi = 10.1002/047084289x |year = 2001| hdl = 10261/236866 |isbn = 9780470842898))</ref> ''
Paquette is perhaps best known for achieving the first total synthesis of the Platonic solid [[dodecahedrane]].<ref>((cite journal
| doi = 10.1021/ja00354a043
|author1=Leo A. Paquette |author2=Robert J. Ternansky |author3=Douglas W. Balogh |author4=Gary Kentgen | year = 1983
| title = Total synthesis of dodecahedrane
| journal = [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]
| volume = 105
| issue = 16
| pages = 5446–5450))((primary source inline|date=January 2016))</ref>

==Scientific misconduct==

In 1993, an Ohio State University investigation found that Paquette had [[Plagiarism|plagiarized]] sections from an [[National Institutes of Health#Funding|unfunded]] NIH grant application, for which he was a [[Scholarly peer review|reviewer]], and included the text in his own NIH grant application. The [[United States Office of Research Integrity|Office of Research Integrity]] agreed with the university investigation and "required institutional certification of proper attribution in any future grant proposals" from Paquette and "prohibited him from serving on Public Health Service Advisory Committees, Boards, or review groups" for ten years.<ref name="NIH">((Citation | title = FINAL FINDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT | author = Office of Research Integrity | date = June 25, 1993 | publisher= DHHS | periodical = NIH Guide | volume  = 22 | issue  = 23 | url = https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not93-177.html | accessdate = October 3, 2016 ))</ref>

For a separate plagiarism incident that occurred in 1991, the Ohio State University investigatory panel found that Paquette had plagiarized a NSF proposal, that he was also a reviewer for, and included sections in a [[Scientific literature#Scientific article|paper]] he published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The NSF's Office of Inspector General (OIG) found that Paquette knowingly "submitted falsified evidence for the purpose of disproving the misconduct in science charge" and made "false statements under oath in the OIG investigation concerning the authenticity of the evidence". The [[False evidence|falsified evidence]] consisted of a computer disk that included a "'mock draft,' a copy of the paper's final draft that Paquette had marked up to look like an earlier draft" and was [[Forgery|back-dated]] prior to Paquette's review of the NSF proposal and, importantly, prior to the manufacture of the disk. The [[United States Secret Service|US Secret Service]] also found that someone had attempted to erase the lot number of the disk. In 1998, the NSF entered into a binding [[Settlement (litigation)|settlement]] with Paquette: Paquette would voluntarily exclude himself from any federal funding for two years and the NSF would not "issue a finding of [[Scientific misconduct|misconduct]] in science".<ref name="C&EN-Misconduct">((cite journal | vauthors = Zurer P | title = NSF, Paquette Settle Misconduct Case | journal = Chemical & Engineering News |volume = 76 | issue = 10 | pages = 25–26 | date = March 9, 1998 | doi= 10.1021/cen-v076n010.p025 ))</ref><ref name="OSU">((Citation | title = Scientific Misconduct Charge Ruled Valid | last = Gerstner | first = Ruth | date = August 9, 1993 | publisher= Ohio State University | url = https://news.osu.edu/news/1993/08/09/93-08-09_Scientific_Misconduct_Charge_Ruled_Valid/ | accessdate = October 3, 2016 ))</ref>

==Honors==
((unreferenced section|date=January 2016))
Paquette's honors include Sloan Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, ACS Award for Creative Work in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, and the [[Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award]] of the ACS.

==Books==
((unreferenced section|date=January 2016))

* Encyclopedia of reagents for organic synthesis, 2009
* Handbook of reagents for organic synthesis, 1999-2007
* Organic Reactions, Editor-In-Chief, Vols. 38-55
* Encyclopedia of reagents for organic synthesis, 1995
* Comprehensive Organic Synthesis: Combining C-C pi-bonds, 1992
* Polyquinane chemistry : syntheses and reactions, 1987 
* Recent synthetic developments in polyquinane chemistry, 1984 
* Organic chemistry, 1979 
* Principles of modern heterocyclic chemistry, 1968

==Further reading==
* ((cite book |author1=Nickon, Alex   |author2=Silversmith, Ernest F.  | date = 2013 | title = Organic Chemistry: The Name Game: Modern Coined Terms and Their Origins | pages = 7–10, 15, 54, 91, 202, 206, 251, 296f | location = Amsterdam, NLD | publisher = Elsevier | isbn = 978-1483145235 | url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1483145239  | access-date = 29 January 2016 ))
* ((cite book |author1=Paquette, Leo A.  |author2=Crouse, Gary D.  | editor = D.H.R. Barton | date = 1981 | title = R.B. Woodward Remembered: A Collection of Papers in Honour of Robert Burns Woodward 1917-1979 (''Tetrahedron'' '''37''', Supplement 1) | chapter = Stereocontrolled Preparation of Precursors to all Primary Prostaglandins from Butadiene | pages = 281–287 | location = Oxford, UK | publisher = Pergamon Press | isbn = 978-1483286082 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1483286088  | access-date = 29 January 2016 ))
* ((cite book |author1=Paquette, Leo A.  |author2=Orchin, Milton | date = 1998 | title = Biographical Memoirs (Volume 73) | chapter = Melvin Spencer Newman, March 10, 1908-May 30, 1993 | pages = 335–346 | series = Biographical Memoirs: A Series |  location = Washington, DC, USA | publisher =  National Academies Press | isbn = 978-0309591683 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309591686  | access-date = 29 January 2016 ))

== See also ==
* [[List of scientific misconduct incidents]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Paquette, Leo))
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Worcester, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:College of the Holy Cross alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American chemists]]
[[Category:Ohio State University faculty]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:American people of French-Canadian descent]]

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