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((Short description|Italian-French courtier (1568–1617)))
((More citations needed|date=October 2021))
[[Image:Léonora Galigaï par Daniel Dumonstier.jpg|thumb|200px|Leonora Dori Galigaï]]
<!--[[Image:Galigaï 1617.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The execution of Leonora Dori Galigai]]-->
'''Leonora Dori Galigaï''' (19 May 1568 – 8 July 1617) was a French courtier of Italian origin, an influential [[favourite]] of the French regent [[Marie de' Medici]], mother of King [[Louis XIII of France]]. Galigaï was married to [[Concino Concini]], the later marquis and then marshal d'Ancre, during Marie's reign as queen mother and regent of France.

==Early life and France==
Galigaï, the daughter of a carpenter named [[:File:Coa_fam_ITA_dori.jpg|Dori]], grew up in Florence in the [[Palazzo Pitti]] as a young attendant of Marie de' Medici, who managed to buy her adoption from the ''[[:File:Coa_fam_ITA_galigai_khi.jpg|Galigai]]'', a poor but noble Florentine family.

In 1600, she followed her mistress to France who married King [[Henry IV of France]], who named Galigaï [[Dame d'atour]] ([[lady-in-waiting]]) to the Queen Marie, immediately after her marriage to the Florentine nobleman Concini.

Galigaï suffered from debilitating depressions and paralyzing spasms, which may have been symptoms of [[epilepsy]], which the queen and her [[courtier]]s believed to be due to [[demonic possession]], but which were resistant to [[exorcism]]. She was treated by the Portuguese-born, Italian-Jewish court physician of Marie and Louis XIII: [[Elijah Montalto|Filotheo Eliau Montalto]] (died 1616).

In an age when people believed in witchcraft, sorcery, magic and demonic possession, Galigaï was hired by the queen to perform exorcisms and white magic to counter [[black magic]] and [[curse]]s. She earned huge sums of money by these tasks, as well as from bribes for giving people access to the queen. Galigaï amassed an enormous fortune, which she invested in banks and in real estate in France and Italy.

In 1610 [[Henry IV of France|King Henri IV]], the husband of Marie de' Medici, was assassinated, and his widow became the Queen Mother of Louis XIII and the Regent of France. After Concini was murdered by his political enemies in 1617, his wife Galigaï was arrested, imprisoned in [[Château de Blois|Blois]] and charged with ''[[lèse majesté]]'' through practicing black magic, witchcraft and "[[Judaizing]]". Galigaï was judged guilty of having bewitched the regent. She was beheaded and her body subsequently burned at the stake at the [[Place de Grève]] in Paris. Concurrent with these times, in 1616 and 1617, various songs and tracts were published in Paris, Rouen, and London (English translations), concerning the couple, their activities and fate.<ref>((Cite book |url=http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A19209.0001.001 |title=The ghost of the Marquesse d'Ancre, with his spirits attending him. Or The fiction of a dialogue betweene Galligaia, Conchini by name, or Marquesse d'Ancre his wife, and Misoquin a deluding spirit, by whom her husband was misse-lead Together with the same spirits meeting the good genius to Monsieur the Prince of Conde: faithfully translated out of the French copie printed at Roan. |date=2008-09-01))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=au:Concini, Concino. - Search Results |url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au:Concini,+Concino.&qt=hot_author |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=www.worldcat.org))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Galigaï - Search Results |url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Galiga%C3%AF&dblist=638&fq=ln:eng&qt=facet_ln: |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=www.worldcat.org))</ref>

==Legacy==
Galigaï's life is the subject of [[Alfred de Vigny]]'s 1831 tragedy ''[[La Maréchale d'Ancre]]'' and the 1839 Italian opera La Marescialla d'Ancre, with a libretto by Giovanni Prati, based on the de Vigny work, and music by Alessandro Nini.

==References==
((Reflist))

== Bibliography ==
* D [https://archive.org/details/discovrssvrlamor00pari/mode/2up iscovrs svr la mort dee Eleonor Galligay Femme de Conchine Marquis d'Ancre : Executee en Greue le Samedy 8.de Iuillet. 1617]
* Fernand Hayem, Le Maréchal d'Ancre et Léonora Galigaï, Plon, Paris, 1910
* François Poncetton, Galigaï [A biographical romance. On the life of Leonora Concini, Marchioness d'Ancre.] Paris, Gallimard, 1937
* Giachetti Cipriano, La tragica avventura dei Concini 1600–1617, Milan, Mondadori, 1939.
* Georges Mongrédien, Léonora Galigaï. Un procès de sorcellerie sous Louis XIII, Paris, Hachette, 1968.
((s-start))
((s-court))
((succession box
 | title  = ''[[Dame d'atour]]'' <br>to the Queen of France
 | before = [[Louise de la Béraudière]]
 | after  = [[Antoinette d'Albert de Luynes]]
 | years  = 1600–1617))
((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Dori, Leonora))
[[Category:1568 births]]
[[Category:1617 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century executions by France]]
[[Category:16th-century Italian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian women]]
[[Category:French ladies-in-waiting]]
[[Category:Italian people executed abroad]]
[[Category:People executed by France by decapitation]]
[[Category:Executed French women]]
[[Category:French people executed for witchcraft]]
[[Category:Nobility from Florence]]
[[Category:Royalty and nobility with epilepsy]]
[[Category:French royalty and nobility with disabilities]]
[[Category:French royal favourites]]
[[Category:Prisoners of the Bastille]]
[[Category:Court of Louis XIII]]
[[Category:Court of Henry IV of France]]
[[Category:Household of Marie de' Medici]]

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