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((short description|Ukrainian poet and writer (1871–1913)))
((copyedit|date=January 2024))
((Other uses|Ukrainka (disambiguation)((!))Ukrainka))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2020))
((family name hatnote|Petrivna|Kosach|lang=Eastern Slavic))
((Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name             = Lesya Ukrainka<br/>((nobold|((lang|uk|Леся Українка))))
| image            = Lesya Ukrainka portrait.jpg
| birth_name       = Larysa Petrivna Kosach
| birth_date       = ((OldStyleDate|25 February|1871|13 February))
| birth_place      = Novohrad-Volynskyi, [[Volhynian Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]<br/>(((small|now)) [[Zviahel]], [[Zhytomyr Oblast]], [[Ukraine]])
| death_date       = ((OldStyleDate|1 August|1913|19 July)) (aged 42)
| death_place      = [[Surami]], [[Tiflis Governorate]], Russian Empire
| occupation       = Poet and writer, playwright
| period           = 1884–1913
| mother           = 
| relatives        = ((ubl|[[Olena Pchilka]] (mother)|[[Olha Kosach-Kryvyniuk]] (sister)|[[Mykhailo Drahomanov]] (uncle)|[[Yulia Krukovskaya]] (great-aunt)))
))

'''Lesya Ukrainka'''<ref>''Note:'' "Ukrainka" literally means "Ukrainian woman" in Ukrainian</ref> (((lang-uk|Леся Українка|translit=Lesia Ukrainka)), ((IPA-uk|ˈlɛsʲɐ ʊkrɐˈjinkɐ|pron)); born '''Larysa Petrivna Kosach''', ((lang-uk|Лариса Петрівна Косач|link=no)); ((OldStyleDate|25 February|1871|13 February)) – ((OldStyleDate|1 August|1913|19 July))) was one of [[Ukrainian literature]]'s foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active [[civil and political rights|political, civil]], and [[feminism|feminist]] [[activism|activist]].<ref>Krys Svitlana, ''[https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/crcl/article/view/10728 A Comparative Feminist Reading of Lesia Ukrainka’s and Henrik Ibsen’s Dramas].'' Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 34.4 (December 2007 [September 2008]): 389–409</ref>

Among her best-known works are the collections of poems ''On the Wings of Songs'' (1893), ''Thoughts and Dreams'' (1899), ''Echos'' (1902), the epic poem ''Ancient Fairy Tale'' (1893), ''One Word'' (1903), plays ''Princess'' (1913), ''Cassandra'' (1903—1907), ''In the Catacombs'' (1905), and ''[[The Forest Song|Forest Song]]'' (1911).

==Biography==
[[File:Леся Українка.1887.gif|thumb|Larysa Kosach in her teenage years]]
Lesya Ukrainka was born in 1871 in the town of [[Zviahel|Novohrad-Volynskyi]] (now Zviahel) of [[Ukraine]]. She was the second child of Ukrainian writer and publisher Olha Drahomanova-Kosach, better known under her literary pseudonym [[Olena Pchilka]]. Ukrainka's father was Petro Kosach (from the [[Kosača noble family]]), head of the district assembly of [[conciliation|conciliators]], who came from the northern part of [[Chernihiv]] province. After completing high school in Chernihiv Gymnasium, Kosach studied mathematics at the University of Petersburg. Two years later, her father moved to [[Kyiv University]] and graduated with a law degree. In 1868 he married Olha Drahomaniv, who was the sister of his friend [[Mykhailo Drahomanov]], a well-known Ukrainian scientist, historian, philosopher, folklorist, and public figure.<ref>((cite web|title=Mykhailo Drahomanov|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\D\R\DrahomanovMykhailo.htm|work=Bibliography|access-date=12 December 2011))</ref><ref name="Bida 1968 259">((cite book|last=Bida|first=konstantyn|title=Lesya Ukrainka|year=1968|publisher=Toronto|pages=259))</ref> Her father was devoted to the advancement of [[Ukrainian culture]] and financially supported Ukrainian publishing ventures. Lesya Ukrainka had three younger sisters, [[Olha Kosach-Kryvyniuk|Olha]], Oksana, and Isydora, and a younger brother, Mykola.<ref>((cite book|last=Bida|first=Konstantyn|title=Lesya Ukrainka|year=1968|publisher=Toronto|pages=259))</ref> Ukrainka was very close to her uncle Drahomanov, her spiritual mentor and teacher, as well as her brother Mykhailo, known under the pseudonym Mykhailo Obachny, whom she called "Mysholosie" after their parents' joint nickname for both of them.

Lesya inherited her father's physical features, eyes, height, and build. Like her father, she was highly principled, and they both held the [[dignity]] of the individual in high regard. Despite their many similarities, Lesya and her father were different in that her father had a gift for mathematics, but no [[Multilingualism|gift for languages]]; on the contrary, Lesya had no gift for mathematics, but she knew [[English language|English]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], and her [[First language|native]] Ukrainian.<ref name="Bida 1968 259"/>

Lesya's mother, a poet, wrote poetry and short stories for children in Ukrainian. She was also active in the [[women's movement]] and published a feminist almanac.<ref>[[:uk:Леся Українка]]</ref> Ukrainka's mother played a significant role in her upbringing. The [[Ukrainian language]] was the only language used in the household, and to enforce this practice, the children were educated by Ukrainian tutors at home, to avoid schools that taught Russian as the [[First language|primary language]]. Ukrainka learned how to read at the age of four, and she and her brother Mykhailo could read foreign languages well enough to read literature in the original.<ref name= Wedel >Wedel, Erwin. Toward a modern Ukrainian drama: innovative concepts and devices in Lesia Ukrainka’s dramatic art, in ''Slavic Drama'', University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1991, p 116.</ref>

By the time she was eight, Ukrainka wrote her first poem, "Hope," which was composed in reaction to the arrest and exile of her aunt, [[Olena Pchilka|Olena Kosach]], for taking part in a political movement against the [[tsarist autocracy]].  In 1879, her entire family moved to [[Lutsk]]. That same year her father started building houses for the family in the nearby village of [[Kolodiazhne]].<ref name="encyclopediaofukraine.com">((cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/oop/d_qfullhit.htw?CiBold=true&CiHiliteColor=blue&CiWebHitsFile=%2Fpages%2Fu%2Fk%2Fukrainkalesia%2Ehtm&CiRestriction=%40contents+%22lesya+ukrainka%22&CiUserParam3=%2Fquery%2Easp&CiUserParam2=%22lesya+ukrainka%22&CiUserParam1=Ukrainka%2C+Lesia&CiLocale=NEUTRAL&CiHiliteType=Full|title= Ukrainka, Lesia – Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine ))</ref>  It was at this time that her uncle, Mykhailo Drahomanov, encouraged her to study Ukrainian [[folk song]]s, [[folk stories]], and history, as well to peruse the Bible for its inspired poetry and eternal themes.  She also was influenced by the well-known composer [[Mykola Lysenko]], as well as the famous Ukrainian dramatist and poet [[Mykhailo Starytsky]].<ref name= Bohachevsky-Chomiak >Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha.  Feminists Despite Themselves: Women in Ukrainian Community Life, 1884–1939. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 1988.</ref>((rp|12))

At age thirteen, her first published poem, "Lily of the Valley," appeared in the magazine ''Zorya'' in [[Lviv]].  It was here that she first used her pseudonym, which was suggested by her mother because, in the Russian Empire, publications in the Ukrainian language were forbidden. Ukrainka's first collection of poetry had to be published secretly in western Ukraine and snuck into Kyiv under her pseudonym.<ref>((cite web|title=Lessya Ukrainka|url=http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/Places/LesyaUkrainka.html|work=Bibliography|access-date=12 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113102453/http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/Places/LesyaUkrainka.html|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead))</ref> At this time, Ukrainka was well on her way of becoming a pianist, but due to [[tuberculosis]] of the bone, she did not attend any outside educational establishment.  The writing was to be the main focus of her life.<ref name= Bohachevsky-Chomiak />((rp|10))

Since the beginning of the 90s, the poet has been communicating with the [[Poltava]] region. From the summer of 1893 to the middle of 1906, Lesya lived almost every summer in [[Hadiach]] and near the city, in the Green Grove. The writing of many works is marked by this place; in particular, the legend "Robert Bruce, King of Scotland" was written here. It was here that Lesya befriended the teacher A. S. Makarova, with whom she later corresponded, the latter left memories of the poet.<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=Більш « Української України», як тут, не бачила: історія вулиці Лесі Українки в Гадячі - poltava-future.com.ua |trans-title=I Have Never Seen More "Ukrainian Ukraine" Than Here: The Story Of Lesia Ukrainka Street In Hadyach |url=https://poltava-future.com.ua/uk/eternal-ukrayinishoyi-ukrayiny-yak-tut-vona-ne-bachyla-istoriya-gadyaczkoyi-vulyczi-lesi-ukrayinky |access-date=2024-03-11 |language=uk))</ref>

The poems and plays of Ukrainka are associated with her belief in her country's freedom and independence. Between 1895 and 1897, she became a member of the Literary and Artistic Society in Kyiv, which was banned in 1905 because of its relations with revolutionary activists.<ref>((cite web|title=Lessya Ukrainka|url=http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/Places/LesyaUkrainka.html|work=Biography|access-date=12 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113102453/http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/Places/LesyaUkrainka.html|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead))</ref> In 1888, when Ukrainka was seventeen, she and her brother organized a literary circle called Pleyada (The Pleiades), which they founded to promote the development of Ukrainian literature and [[translation]] of foreign classics into Ukrainian. The organization was based on the French school of poesy, the Pleiade. Their gatherings took place in different homes and were joined by Mykola Lysenko, Petro Kosach, Kostiantyn Mykhalchuk, Mykhailo Starytsky, and others.<ref>((cite web|title=Pleiada|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\P\L\Pleiada.htm|publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol.4|access-date=12 December 2011))</ref> One of the works they translated was [[Nikolai Gogol]]'s ''[[Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka|Evenings on a Farm Near Dykanka]]''.

[[Taras Shevchenko]] and [[Ivan Franko]] were the main inspiration of her early poetry, which was associated with the poet's loneliness, [[social isolation]] and adoration of the Ukrainian nation's freedom.<ref>((cite book|title=Ukrainka|year=1995|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica.|location=Britannica Centre 310 South Michigan Avenue Chicago Illinois 60604 United States of America))</ref> Her first collection of poetry, ''Na krylakh pisen''' (''On the Wings of Songs''), was published in 1893.  Since Ukrainian publications were banned by the Russian Empire, this book was published in [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Western Ukraine]], which was part of [[Austria-Hungary]] at the time, and smuggled into [[Kyiv]].

Ukrainka's illness made it necessary for her to travel to places where the climate was dry, and, as a result, she spent extended periods of time in Germany, [[Austria]], Italy, [[Bulgaria]], [[Crimea]], the [[Caucasus]], and [[Egypt]].  She loved experiencing other cultures, which was evident in many of her literary works, such as ''The Ancient History of Oriental Peoples,'' originally written for her younger siblings.  The book was published in Lviv, and [[Ivan Franko]] was involved in its publication. It included her early poems, such as "Seven Strings," "The Starry Sky," "Tears-Pearls," "The Journey to the Sea," "Crimean Memories," and "In the Children's Circle."

Ukrainka also wrote epic poems, prose dramas, prose, several articles of [[literary criticism]], and several [[sociopolitical]] essays. She was best known for her plays ''Boyarynya'' (1914; ''The Noblewoman''), a psychological tragedy centered on the Ukrainian family in the 17th century,<ref>((cite book|title=Ukrainka Lesya|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|location=Britannica Centre 310 South Michigan Avenue Chicago IL 60604 United States of America))</ref> which refers directly to Ukrainian history, and ''Lisova pisnya'' (1912; ''The Forest Song''), the characters of which include mythological beings from Ukrainian folklore.
[[File:Olha Kobylyanska.jpg|thumb|Lesya Ukrainka and [[Olha Kobylianska]], 1901]]
In 1897, while being treated in [[Yalta]], Ukrainka met ((ill|Serhiy Merzhynsky|uk|Мержинський Сергій Костянтинович)), an official from [[Minsk]] who was also receiving treatment for tuberculosis.  The two fell in love, and her feelings for Merzhynsky were responsible for her showing a different side of herself.  Examples include "Your Letters Always Smell of Withered Roses," "To Leave Everything and Fly to You," and "I'd Like to Wind around You Like Ivy," which were unpublished in her lifetime.  Merzhynsky died with Ukrainka at his bedside on 3 March 1901. She wrote the entire dramatic poem "Oderzhyma" ("The Possessed") in one night on his deathbed.
A group of Ukrainian writers gathered in Poltava to inaugurate a monument to Kotliarevsky.
[[File:Група українських письменників, що зібрались у Полтаві на відкритті пам’ятника Котляревському.jpg|thumb|A group of Ukrainian writers gathered in Poltava to inaugurate a monument to [[Ivan Kotliarevsky]]. From left: [[Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky]], [[Vasyl Stefanyk]], [[Olena Pchilka]], Lesya Ukrainka, [[Mykhailo Starytsky]], [[Hnat Khotkevych]], Volodymyr Samijlenko]]
Lesya Ukrainka actively opposed Russian tsarism and was a member of Ukrainian [[Marxism|Marxist]] organizations.  In 1901, she gave the [[Austromarxism|Austro-Marxist]] Mykola Hankevich a Ukrainian translation of the [[The Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] made by "her comrades from Kyiv".<ref>((Cite news |last=Джулай |first=Дмитро |date=2021-03-03 |title=Лесі Українці 150: невідомі факти змусять вас подивитися на письменницю по-новому |language=uk |work=Радіо Свобода |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/lesia-ukrainka-150-rokiv-nevidomi-fakty/31120122.html |access-date=2023-05-27))</ref>  She was briefly arrested in 1907 by tsarist police and remained under surveillance thereafter.

In 1907, Lesya Ukrainka married [[Klyment Kvitka]], a court official, who was an amateur ethnographer and musicologist.  They settled first in [[Crimea]], then moved to [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].

Ukrainka died on 1 August 1913 at a health resort in [[Surami]], Georgia.

== Creative activity ==
=== Poetry ===
Larysa Kosach began to write poetry at the age of nine: Nadiya wrote her poetry under the influence of the news about the fate of her aunt Elena Antonovna Kosach (married to Teslenko-Prykhodko), who had been exiled for participating in the revolutionary movement. In 1884 the poems "Lily of the Valley" and "Sappho" were first published in the Lviv magazine "Zorya" and the name Lesya Ukrainka was recorded; In the following reprints, Lesya added a dedication to her brother's poem "Sappho": "Dear Shura Sudovshchikova in memory." In 1885 a collection of her translations from Mykola Gogol (made together with Mykhailo) was published in Lviv.<ref name= Bohachevsky-Chomiak />((rp|120))

Lesya Ukrainka's literary activity revived in the mid-1890s, when the Kosachs moved to Kyiv, and she became a co-founder of the Pleiades literary circle, surrounded by the Lysenko and Starytsky families. At the request of the Pleiades, in 1889 she compiled her famous List of World Literature for translation. In 1892, Heinrich Heine's Book of Songs was published in Lviv, translated by Lesya Ukrainka (together with M. Slavinsky). The first collection of her original poems "On the Wings of Songs" appeared in Lviv (1893), the second edition in Kyiv (1904), the second collection "Thoughts and Dreams" (1899), the third "Reviews" (1902) – in Chernivtsi.<ref name= Bohachevsky-Chomiak />((rp|123))<ref name="encyclopediaofukraine.com"/>

After that, Lesya Ukrainka worked for a decade and created more than a hundred poems, half of which were never published during her lifetime.

Lesya Ukrainka entered the canon of [[Ukrainian literature]] primarily as a poet of courage and struggle. Her thematically rich lyrics are somewhat conditionally (due to the relationship of motives) divided into personal, landscape, and civic. The main themes of her early lyrical poetry: the beauty of nature, love for her native land, personal experiences, the purpose of the poet and the role of the poetic word, social and social motives. In the first works the influences of [[Taras Shevchenko]], [[Panteleimon Kulish]], [[Mykhailo Starytsky]], and Heine are noticeable, the clear influences of Olena Pchilka and Mykhailo Drahomanov (pseudonym – Ukrainian) on the choice of motives are visible.<ref name= Wedel />

And the poetry "Contra spem spero!" (1890) characterizes the ancient understanding of valor (arete), brilliant mastery of mythological illusions, self-creation of a woman warrior. It is this aspect of creativity for many years determinate in the tone of scientific "forestry". These are the main motives of the poems "To Comrades", "Comrades in Memory", "Sinner", "Slavus – Sclavus", "Fiat nox", "Epilogue" and many others. The motif of freedom takes on a variety of colors: from disobedience to the traditional understanding of the empire to the individual choice of modus vivendi, which means discovering the truth and serving it. Betrayal on any level is identified with tragedy, with the act of Medea. The lyrics of thirst and hidden triumph associated with the inability to realize their love, exposes the scheme of chivalrous love. The lyrical heroine is a knight who sings to her lady of the heart. The eroticism of such poems as "I would like to embrace you like an ivy", "Your letters always smell of withered roses" are mystical praises in honor of the divine mistress.<ref name= Taniuk >Taniuk, Les’. Toward the problem of Ukrainian “prophetic” drama: Lesia Ukrainka, Volodymyr Vynnycenko, and Mykola Kulis, in ''Slavic Drama'', University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1991, p 125.</ref>

=== Drama ===
In the second half of the 1890s, Kosach turned to [[:uk:Драматургія|drama]]. Her first drama, ''The Blue Rose'' (1896), from the life of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, expands on the theme of Ukrainian drama, which until then had portrayed mostly the peasantry. The drama testified to Lesya Ukrainka's entry into the modern world — first of all, the world of the symbol — and her rather free "feeling." To cover the topic of human norm and abnormality, the writer thoroughly prepared and studied the issues, consulted with a psychiatrist Oleksandr Drahomanov. The philosophical discourse of drama, imposing on Hauptmann's work, presents not only madness as a form of freedom, but also a certain longing for the body.<ref name= Wedel />

=== Prose ===
Fiction has a special place in Lesya Ukrainka's literary heritage. The first stories from rural life ([[:uk:Така її доля|"Such is her fate"]], [[:uk:Святий вечір!|"Holy evening!]]", "Spring songs") are connected in content and language with folk songs. In the genre of fairy tales written "Three Pearls", "Four tales of green noise", "Lily", "Trouble will teach", "Butterfly". The stories "Pity" and "Friendship" are marked by sharp drama. The Ukrainian woman's death story "Ekbal Hanem", intended to depict the psychology of an Arab woman, remained unfinished.<ref name="encyclopediaofukraine.com"/>

== Research of life and creativity ==
Museums

Lesya Ukrainka's life and work are studied by the [[:uk:Науково-дослідний інститут Лесі Українки|Lesya Ukrainka Research Institute.]]

* [[:uk:Музей Лесі Українки (Київ)|Lesya Ukrainka Museum in Kyiv]]
* [[:uk:Музей Лесі Українки (Колодяжне)|Lesya Ukrainka Museum in Kolodyazhny]]
* [[:uk:Літературно-меморіальний музей Лесі Українки (Новоград-Волинський)|Lesya Ukrainka Museum in Zviahel]]
* [[:uk:Музей Лесі Українки (Сурамі)|Lesya Ukrainka Museum in Suram]]
* [[:uk:Музей Лесі Українки (Ялта)|Lesya Ukrainka Museum in Yalta]]
* [[:uk:Музей родини Косачів|Museum of the Kosach family in Zviahel]]

==Legacy==
<gallery>
File:Lesia R.jpg|Ukrainian [[karbovanets]] depicting Lesya Ukrainka
File:Lesya Ukrainka USSR Stamp 1929b.jpg|1956 USSR stamp
File:The Soviet Union 1971 CPA 3984 stamp (Lesya Ukrayinka (Larysa Petrivna Kosach-Kvitka, 1871-1913), Ukrainian Writer).jpg|Soviet four-[[Russian ruble#Coins|kopeck]] stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of Lesya Ukrainka's birth
File:200-uah-2020-1.png|Portrait on obverse [[Banknotes of the Ukrainian hryvnia|₴200 bill]] circa 2020
File:Леся-Українка.JPG|Lesya Ukrainka's burial location and monument at [[Baikove Cemetery]] in Kyiv
File:Lesya Ukrainka.jpg|Lesya Ukrainka Statue, [[University of Saskatchewan]]
File:Monument à Lessia Oukraïnka.jpg|Statue of Lesya Ukrainka by Mykhailo Chereshniovsky erected in 1975 in High Park, in Toronto, Canada. Engraved is the quote "Whoever liberates themselves shall be free. Whoever is liberated by others captive shall remain".
File:Lesya Ukrainka monument in Moscow.jpg|Statue of Lesya Ukrainka in Ukrainski bulvar, [[Moscow]]
</gallery>

There are many monuments to Lesya Ukrainka in [[Ukraine]] and many other former [[Soviet Republics]]. Particularly in [[Kyiv]], there is a main monument at the boulevard that bears her name and a smaller monument in the [[Mariinskyi Park]] (next to [[Mariinskyi Palace]]). There is also a bust in [[Qaradağ raion]] of [[Azerbaijan]]. One of the main Kyiv theaters, the [[Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater]] is colloquially referred to simply as ''Lesya Ukrainka Theater''.

Under initiatives of local [[Ukrainian diaspora]]s, there are several memorial societies and monuments to her throughout Canada and the United States, most notably a monument on the campus of the [[University of Saskatchewan]] in [[Saskatoon]], Saskatchewan.<ref name= Swyripa >Swyripa, Francis.  Wedded to the Cause, Ukrainian-Canadian Women and Ethnic Identity 1891–1991. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1993, p. 234.</ref>  There is also a bust of Ukrainka in [[Soyuzivka]] in New York State.

Each summer since 1975, Ukrainians in [[Toronto]] gather at the Lesya Ukrainka monument in [[High Park]] to celebrate her life and work.<ref>((YouTube|F0ClIh7J6XA))</ref>

Ukrainian composers [[Tamara Maliukova Sidorenko]] (1919–2005) and [[Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya]] (1923-1982) set several of Ukrainka's poems to music.<ref>((Cite book |last=Cohen |first=Aaron I. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16714846 |title=International encyclopedia of women composers |date=1987 |isbn=0-9617485-2-4 |edition=Second edition, revised and enlarged |location=New York |oclc=16714846))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Rozhavska Yudif Hryhorivna - Ukrainian Musical World |url=https://musical-world.com.ua/en/artists/rozhavska-yudif-hryhorivna/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |language=en-GB))</ref>

The [[National Bank of Ukraine]] released a ₴200 banknote depicting Lesya Ukrainka.

According to image consultant Oleh Pokalchuk, Ukrainka's hairstyle inspired the over-the-head braid of [[Yulia Tymoshenko]].<ref>((Cite news
|title=The queen of Ukraine's image machine
|date=4 October 2007
|work=[[BBC News]]
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7025980.stm
|access-date=7 August 2008
))</ref>
((Clear))

According to [[Google Trends]], Lesya Ukrainka was in 2020 the third in the ranking of [[Women in Ukraine|Ukrainian women]] [[Web query|search queries]] in [[Google Search]] in Ukraine (the top two was [[Tina Karol]] and [[Olya Polyakova|Olha Polyakova]]).<ref name="244033LesyaUkrainka">((in lang|uk)) [https://life.pravda.com.ua/columns/2021/02/24/244033/ How Lesya Ukrainka became a Ukrainian celebrity №1], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (26 February 2021)</ref>

On 16 November 2022 [[Pushkin]] Avenue in [[Dnipro]] was renamed Lesya Ukrainka Avenue.<ref name="dnipro-pushkin-32180120">((cite web |author=|title=A monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Dnipro (photo)|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-dnipro-pushkin-demontazh/32180120.html|website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|date=16 December 2022|access-date=16 December 2022|lang=Ukrainian))</ref>

==English translations==
*''The Babylonian Captivity'', (play), from ''Five Russian Plays, With One From the Ukrainian'', Dutton, NY, 1916. [https://archive.org/details/fiverussianplays00robeuoft from Archive.org];
* [http://www.poets.us/InCatacombs.html ''In the Catacombs'' (play)] translated by David Turow;
* Short stories; “Christmas Eve”, “The Moth”, “Spring Songs”, “It is Late”, “The Only Son”, “The School”, “Happiness”, “A City of Sorrow”, “The Farewell”, “Sonorous Strings”, “A Letter to a Distant Shore”, “By the Sea”, “The Blind Man”, “The Apparition”, “The Mistake”, “A Moment”, “The Conversation” and “The Enemies” translated by Roma Franko;<ref>Ukrainka L., 1998, [http://www.languagelanterns.com/fromcon.htm ''From Heart to Heart''], pp.288–468, Language Lantern Publications, Toronto, (Engl. transl.)</ref>
*''The Forest Song'', (play), in "In a Different Light: A Bilingual Anthology of Ukrainian Literature Translated into English by [[Virlana Tkacz]] and Wanda Phipps as Performed by Yara Arts Group", compiled and edited by Olha Luchuk, Sribne Slovo Press, Lviv 2008.

== Adaptations ==

=== Theatrical adaptations of works ===
* 1994 ''Yara's Forest Song'' directed by [[Virlana Tkacz]] with Yara Arts Group at La MaMa Experimental Theatre in New York and Les Kurbas Theatre in Lviv<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.yaraartsgroup.net/forest-song | title=Forest Song &#124; Yara Arts Group ))</ref>
* 2013 ''Fire Water Night'' directed by Virlana Tkacz with Yara Arts Group at La MaMa Experimental Theatre in New York<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.yaraartsgroup.net/fire-water-night | title=Fire Water Night ))</ref>

=== Film adaptations of works ===

* "Forest Song" (1961), a film by Viktor Ivchenko
* "Fireplace Master" (1971), a film by Mstislav Dzhingzhiristy
* "Cassandra" (1974), film by Yuriy Nekrasov, Serhiy Smyan
* "Forest Song" (1976), cartoon by Alla Grachova
* "Forest Song. Mavka" (1981), a film by Yuriy Ilyenko
* "The Temptation of Don Juan" (1985), a film by Vasyl Levin and Grigory Koltunov
* "Blue Rose" (1988), a two-part film by Oleg Biima
* "Orgy" (1991), television play
* "On the field of blood. Aceldama" (2001), a film by Yaroslav Lupiy
* "Mavka. The Forest Song" (2022) a 3D cartoon by Oleksandra Ruban.

==See also==
((Commons category|Lesya Ukrainka))
* [[Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater of Russian Drama|Lesya Ukrainka Theater]]
* [[The Forest Song]]

* [[List of Ukrainian-language poets]]
* [[List of Ukrainian women writers]]
* [[List of Ukrainian literature translated into English]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainkaLesia.htm Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Lesya Ukrainka]
*Sasha Dovzhyk, [https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/subverting-the-canon-of-patriarchy-lesya-ukrainkas-revisionist-mythmaking/ 'Subverting the Canon of Patriarchy: Lesya Ukrainka’s Revisionist Mythmaking'], ''Los Angeles Review of Books'', 2021
* [https://ubi.org.ua/uk/activity/zibrannya-tvoriv-lesi-ukra-nki-u-14-i-tomah Website of the Ukrainian Book Institute with links to the 14 volumes of the new critical edition of the complete works of the autor, texts available as pdf documents via Google Drive]
* ((Internet Archive author |sname=Lesya Ukrainka))
*((Librivox author |id=13053))
* [http://www.languagelanterns.com/ukrainka.htm Women's Voices in Ukrainian Literature: Lesya Ukrainka] by Roma Franko
* [http://www.swansea.ca/gallery_Community_30.htm Lesya Ukrainka Statue in High Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034853/http://www.swansea.ca/gallery_Community_30.htm |date=4 March 2016 ))
* [http://school3lesya140.at.ua The site: "Let the World know about our Lesya" the result of the students schools #3 of Sevastopol in the project "Lesya-140".]

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