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((Refimprove|date=March 2021))

'''((mono|Lex))''' is a ''URN namespace'', a type of [[Uniform Resource Name]] (URN), that allows accurate identification of laws and other legal norms.

[[LexML]] Brazil and Italy  (Civil law countries) already officially recognize the ''URN LEX standard draft v0.9'', as a ''namespace'' for sources of law.

== Syntax ==
The identifier has a hierarchical structure as follows:<ref name="rfc">((Cite web|url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-spinosa-urn-lex|title=A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for Sources of Law (LEX)|date=27 April 2021|last1=Spinosa|first1=Pierluigi|last2=Francesconi|first2=Enrico|last3=Lupo|first3=Caterina))</ref>
:<code><nowiki>"urn:lex:"<NSS></nowiki></code>
where ((mono|NSS)) is the ''Namespace Specific String'' composed as follows:
:<code><nowiki><NSS>::=<jurisdiction>":"<local-name></nowiki></code>
where:
:((mono|<nowiki><jurisdiction></nowiki>)) is the part providing the identification of the jurisdiction, generally corresponding to the country where the source of law is issued.
:((mono|<nowiki><local-name></nowiki>)) is the uniform name of the source of law in the country or jurisdiction where it is issued; its internal structure is common to the already adopted schemas.

Illustrative examples of sources of law identified by ((mono|lex)) URNs:<pre><nowiki>
 urn:lex:it:stato:legge:2003-09-21;456              (Italian act) 
 urn:lex:fr:etat:lois:2004-12-06;321                (French act)
 urn:lex:es:estado:ley:2002-07-12;123               (Spanish act)
 urn:lex:ch:glarus:regiere:erlass:2007-10-15;963    (Glarus Swiss Canton decree)
 urn:lex:eu:council:directive:2010-03-09;2010-19-UE (EU Council Directive)
 urn:lex:us:federal.supreme.court:decision:1963-03-18;372.us.335 (US FSC decision)
</nowiki></pre>

== Concrete examples ==
Real ''URN LEX resolver'' at [[Brazil]], the country where URN LEX was adopted since 2009, with the [http://www.LexML.gov.br LexML.gov.br] portal:

* [http://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:constituicao:1988-10-05;1988 urn:lex:br:federal:constituicao:1988-10-05;1988]: [[Constitution|Brazilian Constitution]] of 1988.

* [http://www.lexml.gov.br/urn/urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2008-06-19;11705 urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2008-06-19;11705]: Law nº 11.705, of June 19, 2008, known also as "[[Prohibition|Brazilian Prohibition]]".

== Transparent identifiers ==
((Unreferenced-section|date=March 2021))
URNs are used as [[unique identifier]]s (unique IDs), like using [[ISBN]] to identify books. The URN is also nominated as a "public (unique) ID". In that kind of public use, the need for a central authority las a unique and necessary [[Uniform Resource Name#Resolver|URN-resolver]] is a problem. In that context, the identifier's user must query the authority about the correct ID from some object's metadata, like year or title. IDs like ISBN, which need a central authority, are also named "'''opaque''' IDs".

A common use of Lex URNs is to express "transparent identifiers", which can be built up by simple rules or inferences from basic metadata. For example, the Brazilian Lex URN is used for both legislative and [[European Case Law Identifier|case law]] unique and universal identifier, using rules of formatting and abbreviation of the authority's name, the publication date, and the local identifier in the title of the document.

In computer science, an identifier is a data type. An [[opaque data type|''opaque'' data type]] is a data type whose concrete data structure is not defined in an interface. In opposition, a data type whose representation is visible is called ''transparent''.

URN schemes where each URN is also a transparent identifier can be used in distributed (non-central) URN-resolution systems. The URNs can be created in the absence of these systems, even before recording in these systems.

== See also ==
* [[European Legislation Identifier]] (ELI)
* [[European Case Law Identifier]] (ECLI)
* [[Digital object identifier]]

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:URI schemes]]
[[Category:Legal research]]
[[Category:Legal citation]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

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