| Producer | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Germany) |
|---|---|
| Languages | English |
| Access | |
| Cost | Free |
| Coverage | |
| Disciplines | Linguistics, lexicography |
Lexibank is a linguistics database managed by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.[1] The database consists of over 100 standardized wordlists (datasets) that are independently curated.[2][3]
Lexibank datasets are presented in the Cross-Linguistic Data Format (CLDF).[4]
Phonological and lexical features are automatically computed in Lexibank.[2]
The datasets are publicly accessible and are archived at Zenodo[5] and are also publicly available on GitHub.[6] Lexibank is also part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data project. All of the datasets are released under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Applications of the database include historical linguistics and comparative phonology.
The following is a list of Lexibank (version 0.2) datasets as of 17 June 2022.[7]
| ID | Languages | Zenodo | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| aaleykusunda | Kusunda | 5115947 | Uday Raj Aaley and Timotheus A. Bodt (2020): New Kusunda data: A list of 250 concepts. Computer-Assisted Language Comparison in Practice 3.4 (08/04/2020), URL: https://calc.hypotheses.org/2414. |
| abrahammonpa | Monpa | 5115885 | Abraham, Binny, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, and Isapdaile Zeliang (2018): Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. Dallas: SIL International. |
| allenbai | Bai | 5115649 | Allen, Bryan (2007): Bai Dialect Survey. Dallas: SIL International. |
| backstromnorthernpakistan | Northern Pakistan | 5116054 | Backstrom, Peter C. and Radloff, Carla F. (1992): Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, Volume 2. Languages of Northern Areas. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies. |
| bantubvd | Bantu | 5115982 | Simon Greenhill and Russell Gray, 2015. Bantu Basic Vocabulary Database. |
| bdpa | 5116087 | List, Johann-Mattis and Jelena Prokić. (2014). A benchmark database of phonetic alignments in historical linguistics and dialectology. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), 26 — 31 May 2014, Reykjavik. 288-294. | |
| beidasinitic | Sinitic | 5119295 | Běijīng Dàxué 北京大学 (1964): Hànyǔ fāngyán cíhuì 汉语方言词汇 [Chinese dialect vocabularies]. Beijing: Wenzi Gaige. |
| birchallchapacuran | Chapacuran | 5119306 | Birchall J, Dunn M, & Greenhill SJ. 2016. A Combined Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Chapacuran Language Family. International Journal of American Linguistics 82(3). 255–284. |
| blustaustronesian | Austronesian | 5137392 | Greenhill, SJ; Blust, R and Gray, RD (2008): The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From bioinformatics to lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics. 4. 271-283. |
| bodtkhobwa | Kho-Bwa | 5119330 | Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus and List, Johann-Mattis (2019): Testing the predictive strength of the comparative method: An ongoing experiment on unattested words in Western Kho-Bwa languages. Papers in Historical Phonology 4.1: 22-44. |
| bowernpny | Pama-Nyungan | 5119341 | Bowern, Claire, & Atkinson, Quentin. (2012). Computational Phylogenetics and the Internal Structure of Pama-Nyungan: Dataset [Data set]. Language. doi:10.1353/lan.2012.0081 |
| cals | Turkic and Indo-European | 5121189 | Mennecier, P., Nerbonne, J., Heyer, E., & Manni, F. (2016). A Central Asian Language Survey, Language Dynamics and Change, 6(1), 57-98. doi:10.1163/22105832-00601015 |
| carvalhopurus | Purus | 5121195 | de Carvalho, F. O. (2021): A comparative reconstruction of Proto-Purus (Arawakan) segmental phonology. IJAL. 87.1. 49-108. |
| castrosui | Sui | 5121213 | Castro, Andy and Pan, Xingwen (2015): Sui dialect research. SIL: Guiyang. |
| castroyi | Yi | 5121214 | Castro, Andy; Crook, Brian; Flaming, Royce (2010): A sociolinguistic survey of Kua-nsi and related Yi varieties in Heqing county, Yunnan province, China. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-001. Dallas: SIL International. |
| castrozhuang | Zhuang | 5121215 | Castro, Andy; Hansen, Bruce (2010): Hongshui He Zhuang dialect intelligibility survey. Dallas: SIL International. |
| chaconarawakan | Arawakan | 5118556 | Chacon, Thiago C. (2017): Arawakan and Tukanoan contacts in Northwest Amazonia prehistory. PAPIA 27(2). 237-265. |
| chaconbaniwa | Baniwa | 5118605 | Chacon, T. C.; Gonçalves, A. G.; and da Silva, L. F (2019): A diversidade linguística Aruák no Alto Rio Negro em gravações da década de 1950 [The diversity of Arawakan languages from the upper Rio Negro in recordings from the 1950s]. Forma y Función, 32.2, 41-67. doi:10.15446/fyf.v32n2.80814 |
| chaconcolumbian | Colombian | 5118763 | Chacon, Thiago C. (2017): Arawakan and Tukanoan contacts in Northwest Amazonia prehistory. PAPIA 27(2). 237-265. |
| chacontukanoan | Tukanoan | 5118723 | T. Chacon. (2014). A revised proposal of Proto-Tukanoan consonants and Tukanoan family classification. Journal of American Linguistics 80.3, pp. 275–322. doi:10.1086/676393 |
| chenhmongmien | Hmong-Mien | 5118744 | Chén, Qíguāng 陳其光 (2012): Miáoyáo yǔwén 苗瑤语文 [Miao and Yao language]. Zhōngyāng Mínzú Dàxué 中央民族大学 [China Minzu University Press]. |
| chindialectsurvey | Chin | 5121280 | Language and Social Development Organization (2019): Chin dialect data collection. Yangon: LSDO. |
| chingelong | Gelong | 5121324 | Chin, Andy C. (2015): The Gelong Language in the Multilingual Hub of Hainan. Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics. 8. 140-156. |
| clarkkimmun | Kim Mun | 5121482 | Clark, E. R. (2008). A phonological analysis and comparison of two Kim Mun varieties in Laos and Vietnam. Payap University: Chiang Mai. |
| clics1 | 5121530 | List, Johann-Mattis, Thomas Mayer, Anselm Terhalle, and Matthias Urban (2014). CLICS: Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications. Marburg: Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas (Version 1.0). | |
| constenlachibchan | Chibchan | 5121347 | Umaña, Adolfo Constenla. 2005. ¿Existe relación genealógica entre las lenguas misumalpas y las chibchenses?. Estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. |
| davletshinaztecan | Aztecan | 5121382 | Davletshin, Albert (2012): Proto-Uto-Aztecans on their way to the Proto-Aztecan homeland: linguistic evidence. Journal of Language Relationship. 8. 1. 75-92. |
| deepadungpalaung | Palaung | 5121402 | Deepadung, Sujaritlak; Buakaw, Supakit; and Rattanapitak, Ampica (2015): A lexical comparison of the Palaung dialects spoken in China, Myanmar, and Thailand. Mon-Khmer Studies 44. 19-38. |
| diacl | 5121561 | Carling, Gerd (ed.) 2017. Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics Online. Lund: Lund University. (URL: https://diacl.ht.lu.se/). Accessed on: 2019-02-07. | |
| dravlex | Dravidian | 5121580 | Kolipakam, Vishnupriya, Michael Dunn, Fiona M. Jordan & Annemarie Verkerk. (2018). DravLex: A Dravidian lexical database. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. |
| dunnaslian | Aslian | 5121613 | Dunn, Michael, Nicole Kruspe, and Niclas Burenhult. 2013. "Time and Place in the Prehistory of the Aslian Languages." Human Biology 85: 383–400. |
| dunnielex | Indo-European | 5121651 | Dunn, Michael (2012): Indo-European Lexical Cognacy Database. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics: Nijmegen. |
| duonglachi | Lachi | 5121663 | Duong, Thu Hang and Nguyen, Thu Quynh and Nguyen, Van Loi (2021): The Language of the La Chí People in Bản Díu Commune, Xín Mần District, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. In: Studies in the Anthropology of Language in Mainland Southeast Asia. Ed. by N. J. Enfield, Jack Sidnell, and Charles H. P. Zuckermann. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu. 124-138 |
| felekesemitic | Semitic | 5126691 | Feleke, Tekabe Legesse (2021): Ethiosemitic languages: classifications and classification determinants. Ampersand. 2021. doi:10.1016/j.amper.2021.100074 |
| galuciotupi | Tupian | 5121724 | Galucio, Ana Vilacy, Meira, Sérgio, Birchall, Joshua, Moore, Denny, Gabas Júnior, Nilson, Drude, Sebastian, Storto, Luciana, Picanço, Gessiane, & Rodrigues, Carmen Reis. (2015). Genealogical relations and lexical distances within the Tupian linguistic family. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 10(2), 229-274. doi:10.1590/1981-81222015000200004 |
| gaotb | Tibeto-Burman | 5121776 | Gao, Tianjun (2020): Reconstruction and analysis of phylogenetic network on Tibeto-Burman languages in China. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 48:1, 257-293. |
| gerarditupi | Tupi–Guarani | 5127906 | Ferraz Gerardi, Fabrício and Reichert, Stanislav (2020) The Tupí-Guaraní Language Family: A Phylogenetic Classification. To appear in Diachronica. |
| halenepal | Nepal | 5121540 | Hale, Austin (1973): Clause, sentences, and discourse patterns in selected languages of Nepal. Kathmandu: Institute of Nepal and Asiatic Studies. |
| hantganbangime | Bangime | 5126441 | Hantgan, Abbie and List, Johann-Mattis (2018): Bangime. Secret language, language isolate, or language island? Journal of Language Contact. |
| hattorijaponic | Japonic | 5126845 | Hattori, S. (1973): Japanese dialects. In: Diachronic, areal and typological linguistics. Edited by H. M. Hoenigswald and R. H. Langacre. 368-400. |
| houchinese | Sinitic | 5126858 | Hóu, J. (2004): Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán yīnkù 现代汉语方言音库 [Phonological database of Chinese dialects]. Shànghǎi: Shànghǎi Jiàoyù. |
| hsiuhmongmien | Hmong-Mien | 5126451 | Hsiu, Andrew (2015): The classification of Na Meo, a Hmong-Mien language of Vietnam. Handout prepared for SEALS 25 (Chiang Mai, 2015/05/27-29). |
| hubercolumbian | Colombian | 5121219 | Huber, R. Q. and Reed, R. B. 1992. Vocabulario comparativo: palabras selectas de lenguas indígenas de Colombia [Comparative vocabulary. Selected words from the indigenous languages of Columbia]. Santafé de Bogota: Associatión Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. |
| huntergatherer | 5126741 | Bowern, Claire, Patience Epps, Jane Hill, and Patrick McConvell. Hunter-Gatherer Language Database. https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/ Accessed 2021-04-27. | |
| ids | 5126899 | Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) 2015. The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. | |
| ivanisuansu | Suansu | 5126966 | Ivani, J. K. (2019): A first overview on Suansu, a Tibeto-Burman language from Northeastern India. Talk, held at the 29th conference of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society (27-29 May, Tokyo). https://zenodo.org/record/3383006 |
| johanssonsoundsymbolic | 5127131 | Erben Johansson, N., Anikin, A., Carling, G., & Holmer, A. (2020). The typology of sound symbolism: Defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features, Linguistic Typology, 24(2), 253-310. doi:10.1515/lingty-2020-2034 | |
| joophonosemantic | 5137230 | Joo, I. (2020). Phonosemantic biases found in Leipzig-Jakarta lists of 66 languages. Linguistic Typology, 24(1), 1–12. doi:10.1515/lingty-2019-0030 | |
| kesslersignificance | 5127775 | Kessler, B. (2001): The Significance of Wordlists. CSLI: Stanford. | |
| kleinewillinghoeferbikwinjen | Bikwin-Jen | 5127404 | Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Bikwin-Jen Group. https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/bikwin-jen-group/. Accessed on: 2020-04-15. |
| kraftchadic | Chadic | 5121222 | Kraft, Charles H. 1981. Chadic wordlists. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. |
| leejaponic | Japonic | 5126801 | Lee, Sean, Hasegawa, Toshikazu (2011). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis supports an agricultural origin of Japonic languages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1725), 3662–3669. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0518 |
| leeainu | Ainu | 5126890 | Lee Sean, Hasegawa Toshikazu (2013). Evolution of the Ainu Language in Space and Time. PLoS ONE 8(4): e62243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062243 |
| bremerberta | Berta | 5126757 | Bremer, Nate D. (2016): A Sociolinguistic Survey of Six Berta Speech Varieties in Ethiopia. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2016-007. Dallas: SIL International. |
| leekoreanic | Koreanic | 5126904 | Lee, Sean (2015). A Sketch of Language History in the Korean Peninsula. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0128448. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128448 |
| lieberherrkhobwa | Kho-Bwa | 5127687 | Lieberherr, Ismail and Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus (2017): Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. Himalayan Linguistics 16(2). 26-63. URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4t27h5fg |
| lindseyende | Ende | 5127829 | Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020. Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://ids.clld.org/) |
| listsamplesize | 5128050 | List, Johann-Mattis (2014): Investigating the impact of sample size on cognate detection. Journal of Language Relationship. 11. 91-102. doi:10.31826/jlr-2014-110111 | |
| liusinitic | Sinitic | 5131413 | Líu, L.; Wáng, H.; Bǎi, Y. (2007): Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán héxīncí, tèzhēng cíjí 现代汉语方言核心词·特征词集 [Collection of basic vocabulary words and characteristic dialect words in modern Chinese dialects]. Nánjīng: Fènghuáng. |
| lundgrenomagoa | Proto-Omagua-Kokama-Tupinambá | 5128097 | Lundgren, Olof (2020): A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Omagua-Kokama-Tupinambá. Master's thesis. Lund: Lund University. |
| mannburmish | Burmish | 5131419 | Mann, Noel W. 1998. A phonological reconstruction of Proto Northern Burmic. (PhD Thesis). |
| marrisonnaga | Naga | 5121317 | Marrison, Geoffrey Edward (1967) : The classification of the Naga languages of North-East India. London: School of African and Oriental Sciences. |
| mcelhanonhuon | Huon | 5127348 | McElhanon, K.A. 1967. Preliminary Observations on Huon Peninsula Languages. Oceanic Linguistics. 6, 1-45. |
| mitterhoferbena | Bena | 5121327 | Mitterhofer, Bernadette. 2013. Lessons from a dialect survey of Bena: Analyzing wordlists. SIL International. |
| naganorgyalrongic | rGyalrongic | 5126458 | Nagano, Yasuhiko and Prins, Marielle (2013): rGyalrongic Languages Database. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology. |
| nagarajakhasian | Khasian | 5131421 | Nagaraja KS, Sidwell P & Greenhill SJ. 2013. A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War. Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, 42, 1-11. |
| northeuralex | 5121268 | Dellert, J., Daneyko, T., Münch, A. et al (2020). NorthEuraLex (Version 0.9). Lang Resources and Evaluation. doi:10.1007/s10579-019-09480-6 | |
| peirosaustroasiatic | Austroasiatic | 5127536 | Peiros, I. I. (2004): Генетическая классификация австроазиатских языков / Genetičeskaja klassifikacija avstroaziatskix jazykov [Genetic classification of Austro-Asiatic languages]. Russian State University for the Humanities, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow. |
| pharaocoracholaztecan | Proto-Corachol, Proto-Náhuatl | 5136882 | Pharao Hansen, Magnus (2020): ¿Familia o vecinos? Investigando la relación entre el proto-náhuatl y el proto-corachol [Family or neighbors? Investigating the relation between Proto-Náhuatl and Proto-Corachol]. In: Lenguas yutoaztecas: historia, estructuras y contacto lingüístico. Homenaje a Karen Dakin. Rosa Yañez (ed.) Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara. |
| polyglottaafricana | 5136890 | Koelle, Sigismund W. (1854). Polyglotta Africana or Comparative Vocabulary of Nearly Three Hundred Words and Phrases in more than One Hundred Distinct African Languages. London: Church Missionary House. | |
| ratcliffearabic | Arabic | 5136898 | Ratcliffe, Robert R. (2021): The glottometrics of Arabic. Language Dynamics and Change. 2021. doi:10.1163/22105832-01001100 |
| robinsonap | Alor-Pantar | 5121340 | Robinson, Laura C. and Holton, Gary (2012): Internal Classification of the Alor-Pantar Language Family Using Computational Methods Applied to the Lexicon. Language Dynamics and Change 2.2. 123-149. |
| saenkoromance | Romance | 5136900 | Saenko, M. (2015): Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Romance group (Indo-European family). In: Starostin GS, editor. The Global Lexicostatistical Database. RGU; 2015. http://starling.rinet.ru/new100/tuj.xls |
| sagartst | Sino-Tibetan | 5121409 | Laurent Sagart, Jacques, Guillaume, Yunfan Lai, and Johann-Mattis List (2019): Sino-Tibetan Database of Lexical Cognates. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. |
| satterthwaitetb | Tibeto-Burman | 5136997 | Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian (2011) Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or on the usefuseful of lexicostatistics (and "megalo"-comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman. Stanford: Stanford University. |
| savelyevturkic | Turkic | 5137274 | Savelyev, Alexander and Robbeets, Martine (2020): Bayesian phylolinguistics infers the internal structure and the time-depth of the Turkic language family. Journal of Language Evolution 5.1. 39-53. |
| servamalagasy | Malagasy | 5137040 | Serva M., Pasquini M. (2020): Dialects of Madagascar, PLoS ONE 15(10). |
| sidwellbahnaric | Bahnaric | 5137055 | Sidwell, Paul. 2015. Austroasiatic dataset for phylogenetic analysis: 2015 version. Mon-Khmer Studies (Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers) 44. lxviii-ccclvii. |
| simsrma | Rma | 5166593 | Sims, Nathanial A. (2020): Reconsidering the diachrony of tone in Rma. Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 13.1. 53-85. |
| sohartmannchin | Chin | 5121813 | So-Hartmann, Helga (1988): Notes on the Southern Chin Languages. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 11.2: 98-119. |
| starostinpie | Proto-Indo-European | 5137281 | Starostin, S. A. (2005): Indo-European files in DBF/VAR. Moscow. |
| suntb | Tibeto-Burman | 5121515 | Sūn, Hóngkāi 孙宏开 (1991): Zangmianyu yuyin he cihui 藏缅语音和词汇 [Tibeto-Burman phonology and lexicon]. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. |
| syrjaenenuralic | Uralic | 5137236 | Syrjänen, K.; Honkola, T.; Korhonen, K.; Lehtinen, J.; Vesakoski, O. & Wahlber, N. Shedding more light on language classification using basic vocabularies and phylogenetic methods. Diachronica, 2013, 30, 323-352 |
| tls | Bantu | 5121819 | Nurse, Derek and Gérard Philippson (1975). The Tanzanian Language Survey. Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics of the University of Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam. |
| tppsr | |||
| transnewguineaorg | Trans-New Guinea | 5141620 | Greenhill, Simon J. (2015): TransNewGuinea.org: An Online Database of New Guinea Languages. PLoS ONE 10.10: e0141563. |
| tuled | Tupian | Ferraz Gerardi, Fabrício & Reichert, Stanislav & Aragon, Carolina. (2021) TuLeD (Tupían Lexical Database): Introducing a database of a South American language family. Language Resources and Evaluation. doi:10.1007/s10579-020-09521-5 | |
| visserkalamang | Kalamang | 5139559 | Eline Visser. 2021. Kalamang dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://ids.clld.org/) |
| walworthpolynesian | Polynesian | 5126932 | Walworth, Mary. (2018). Polynesian Segmented Data (Version 1) [Data set]. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1689909 |
| wangbai | Bai | 5137407 | Wang, Feng (2004): Language contact and language comparison. The case of Bai. PhD thesis. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong. |
| wangbcd | Sinitic | 5136930 | Wang, F. 2004. BCD: basic words of Chinese dialects. Unpublished dataset. [Digital version in: List, J.-M. (2015): Network perspectives on Chinese dialect history. Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 8. 42-67.] |
| wichmannmixezoquean | Mixe-Zoquean | 5126948 | Cysouw, M., Wichmann, S., & Kamholz, D. (2006). A critique of the separation base method for genealogical subgrouping, with data from Mixe-Zoquean. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 13(2-3), 225–264. doi:10.1080/09296170600850759 |
| wold | 5139859 | Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) 2009. World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://wold.clld.org/) | |
| yanglalo | Lalo | 5121829 | Yang, Cathryn (2011): Lalo regional varieties: Phylogeny, dialectometry and sociolinguistics. Bundoora: La Trobe University. |
| yangyi | Yi | 5167277 | Yang, Cathryn (2021): The phonetic tone change *high > rising: Evidence from the Ngwi dialect laboratory. |
| yuchinese | Sinitic | 5139881 | Hsiao-jung Yu and Yifan Wang. 2021. Mandarin Chinese dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at https://ids.clld.org/) |
| zgraggenmadang | Madang | 5121535 | Z'graggen, J A. (1980) A comparative word list of the Northern Adelbert Range Languages, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. |
| zhaobai | Bai | 5136947 | Zhao, Yanzhen (2006): Zhàozhuāng Báiyǔ miáoxiě yánjiū 趙莊白語描寫研究 [Investigations of Zhaozhuang Bai]. Běijīng: Zhōngyāng Mínzú Dàxué. |
| zhivlovobugrian | Ob-Ugrian | 5137439 | Zhivlov, M. (2011): Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Ob-Ugrian group (Uralic family). The Global Lexicostatistical Database. Moscow: RGGU. |
| zhoubizic | Bizic | 5140129 | Zhou, Yulou (2020): Proto-Bizic. A study of Tujia historical phonology. Bachelor Thesis. Stanford University. |
| logos | 5141379 | List, Johann-Mattis, Thomas Mayer, Anselm Terhalle, and Matthias Urban (2014). CLICS: Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications. Marburg: Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas (Version 1.0). | |
| utoaztecan | Uto-Aztecan | 5173799 | Greenhill, Simon J., Hannah J. Haynie, Robert M. Ross, Angela M. Chira, List, Johann-Mattis, Lyle Campbell, Carlos A. Botero, and Russell D. Gray (2021): A recent northern origin for the Uto-Aztecan language family. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. |
| abvdoceanic | Oceanic | 5206553 | Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283. |