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((more citations needed|date=September 2016))
((Coord|50.899679|6.963603|display=title))
((Infobox company
| name             = Leybold  GmbH
| logo             = Logo Leybold GmbH.svg
| native_name      = Leybold GmbH
| native_name_lang = de
| type             = Limited
| industry         = engine building, vacuum technology
| location_city    = [[Cologne]]
| location_country = Germany
| key_people       = René Rose Stueber
| products         = [https://www.leybold.com/en/products/ product overview]
| revenue          = 350 Mio CHF
| homepage         = [http://www.leybold.com www.leybold.com]
| parent           = [[Atlas Copco]]
))
[[File:Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum - Zentrale in Köln-3584.jpg|thumb|Main offices in Köln]]

'''Leybold GmbH''', based in [[Cologne]], is part of the Swedish industry group [[Atlas Copco]]. The company’s core competencies are based on the development of components and systems for the generation of vacuum and gas management engineering.

==History==
In 1850, the merchant Martin Kothe founded the trading company Kothe, but died a year later. With the introduction of the manager [[Ernst Leybold]] in 1851, the company Leybold & Kothe was formed, focusing on the distribution of pharmaceutical and physical-technical equipment and apparatus. In 1863, Ernst Leybold took over the company completely, but resold it in 1870. The company name lived on for some time, however, as E. Leybold’s Nachfolger (E. Leybold’s Successor).

The company divested the pharmaceutical sector to focus on propaedeutic and teaching materials, initiating the serial production of [[vacuum pump]]s as of 1906. The collaboration with [[Wolfgang Gaede]] resulted in the development of the molecular pump (1911),<ref>Hinrich Henning: ''Renaissance einer Hundertjährigen. Die Molekularpumpe von Wolfgang Gaede.'' In: ''Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis.'' Bd. 21, Nr. 4, 2009, ((ISSN|0947-076X)), S. 19–22, ((doi|10.1002/vipr.200900392)).</ref> the mercury [[diffusion pump]] (1913),<ref>Wolfgang Gaede: ''Die Diffusion der Gase durch Quecksilberdampf bei niederen Drucken und die Diffusionsluftpumpe.'' In: ''[[Annalen der Physik]].'' Bd. 351, Nr. 3, 1915, S. 357–392, ((doi|10.1002/andp.19153510304)).</ref> and the invention of the gas ballast design, which allows vapors to be pumped with rotary vacuum pumps (1935).<ref>Wolfgang Gaede: ''Gasballastpumpen.'' In: ''Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.'' A, Bd. 2, 1947, ((ISSN|0044-3166)), S. 233–238.</ref>

The company was reformed as a [[public limited company]] in 1922, and was converted into a limited partnership in 1936. In 1948 and 1955 respectively, the [[GEA Group|Metallgesellschaft AG]] and [[Evonik Industries|Degussa]] placed their first investments in E. Leybold’s Nachfolger.

1967 saw the merger of E. Leybold’s Nachfolger with Heraeus Hochvakuum GmbH. The [[Evonik Industries|Degussa AG]], the [[GEA Group|Metallgesellschaft AG]] and the W.C. Heraeus GmbH were equal shareholders in the newly created Leybold Heraeus GmbH.

After Metallgesellschaft and W.C. Heraeus sold their shares in 1987, ''Leybold Heraeus GmbH'' became Leybold AG and its headquarters were moved from Cologne to [[Hanau]].

In 1994, Degussa sold Leybold to the Swiss [[Oerlikon Bührle Group]], which combined Leybold with the Balzers AG, which was already in their possession, to form the Balzers and Leybold Group. The merger of these companies resulted in the world’s largest vacuum and surface technology company with around 6 500 employees, generating sales of DEM 1.8 billion in 1995.

In 2000, Degussa sold the remaining propaedeutic and teaching materials division, which today – after bankruptcy in 2008 – operates under the company name LD Didactic and has its headquarters near [[Cologne]].

In 2006, Leybold Vacuum GmbH was renamed to Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum as part of a group-wide renaming of all Group Segments.

In 2015 Oerlikon announced the sale of the vacuum business to Swedish company [[Atlas Copco]]. The sale was finalized in September 2016. Then, the company was renamed to Leybold GmbH and became part of the Vacuum Solutions division of the Compressors business area of [[Atlas Copco]].<ref>[http://www.atlascopcogroup.com/en/media/corporate-press-releases/2016/20160901-acquisition Press Release: Atlas Copco completes Leybold vacuum acquisition]
</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.leybold.com Leybold GmbH]
* [[:de:Leybold GmbH|German]]

== Literature ==
* Vakuum Pumpen (Gastransfervakuumpumpen), W. H. Faragallah (Hrsg.), Verlag und Bildarchiv W. H. Faragallah, ((ISBN|978-3-929682-28-1)).
* Theory and Practice of Vacuum Technology, Wutz/Adam/Walcher, Verlag Vieweg, ((ISBN|3-528-08908-3)).
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burgmann_Zoellig_Stahl%20&%20Eisen_%20Explosionsschutz%20für%20Stahlentgasung.pdf Wilhelm Burgmann/Uwe Zoelligː Explosionsschutz für Stahlentgasung, Verlag Stahl & Eisen, 15.12.2014.]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fliessatz_-_140829_Abgaszusammensetzung_bei_Vakuumverfahren_-_Stahlentkohlung_und_Explosionsschutz_R4.pdf Fliessatzː Explosionsschutz für Stahlentkohlungs-Vakuumanlagen - Stahlentkohlung und Explosionsschutz] 
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oerlikon_Leybold_Vakuum_19989_Grundlagen_der_Vakuumtechnik.pdf Oerlikon Leybold Vakuum 19989 Grundlagen der Vakuumtechnik]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oerlikon_Leybold_Vakuum_19990_Fundamentals_of_Vacuum_Technology.pdf Oerlikon Leybold Vakuum 19990 Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oerlikon_Leybold_Vakuum_Grundlagen_Lecksuchtechnik.pdf Oerlikon Leybold Vakuum Grundlagen der Lecksuchtechnik - Basic Principles on Leak Detection Techniques]
((Atlas Copco))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Manufacturing companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Cologne]]
[[Category:OC Oerlikon]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1850]]

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