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((Refimprove|date=September 2010))
((Infobox company
| name = Liberty House
| logo = 
| former_name = Hackfeld's Dry Goods (1849-1852)<br>B. F. Ehlers (1852-1898)<br>H. Hackfeld & Co. (1898-1918)
| type = 
| industry = [[Department store]]
| fate = Acquired by [[Federated Department Stores]]; merged into [[Macy's West]]
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
| founded = ((Start date and age|1849))
| founder = Heinrich Hackfeld
| defunct = ((End date and age|2001))
| hq_location_city = [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| num_locations = 45-50
| num_locations_year = at its peak
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people = 
| products = 
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| num_employees = 4,200
| num_employees_year = at its peak
| parent = [[Amfac]] (1918-1988)<br>[[JMB Realty]] (1988-2001)
| website = <!-- ((URL|example.com)) -->
))
'''Liberty House''', headquartered in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], was a [[department store]] and specialty store chain with locations throughout the Hawaiian Islands and on [[Guam]], as well as several locations on the United States mainland.

==History==
Tracing its antecedents to '''Hackfeld's Dry Goods''' formed by German trader Heinrich Hackfeld in 1849, in 1852 the retail location was renamed for Hackfeld's nephew, '''B. F. Ehlers'''. Hackfeld continued to maintain an interest in the store, while he concentrated on his trading, shipping and real-estate interests. In 1881, [[Paul Isenberg]] (1837–1903) became half partner in the business. In 1898 the Hackfeld and Isenberg family interests in Hawaii were officially reorganized as H. Hackfeld & Co.<ref>((cite book |title= The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders |year=1925 |publisher= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |editor= George F. Nellist |url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/bios/isenberg34bs.txt |chapter= Isenberg, Paul ))</ref>

In 1918 at the height of [[World War I]], H. Hackfeld & Co. was seized by the American government as alien property (since many of the Hackfeld and Isenberg heirs still lived in Germany), and was sold to a newly formed consortium, American Factors. At the same time the B.F. Ehlers store was renamed The Liberty House in response to anti-German sentiment. With Hackfeld's huge [[sugarcane]] [[Sugar plantations in Hawaii|plantation]]s and land interests, American Factors (later known as [[Amfac (Hawaii)|Amfac]]) became one of Hawaii's [[Big Five (Hawaii)|Big Five]] landowners.<ref>((cite journal |hdl= 10524/462 |title= German Sugar's Sticky Fingers |journal= Hawaiian Journal of History |publisher=Hawaiian Historical Society |volume= 16 |author= Frederick Bernays Wiener |year= 1982 |pages= 15–47))</ref>

In 1969 Liberty House expanded onto the [[Continental United States|mainland]] with Amfac's purchase of the [[Rhodes Brothers|Rhodes Western]] department stores, a long-time consolidator of department stores. The former Rhodes' stores were renamed Liberty House between 1971 and 1974. The mainland operation eventually included stores in [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Nevada]], [[Oregon]], [[Texas]], [[New Mexico]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington]]. This expansion culminated with the construction of a new [[San Francisco]] flagship store in 1974 at Stockton and O'Farrell streets. Poor results and a scattered footprint caused the rethinking of future investment, and in 1978 Liberty House began winding down the mainland stores, with the remaining ten being sold in 1984.

Liberty House closed nine of its ten California stores in 1984 due to poor sales. The only one not closed at the time was [[San Mateo Fashion Island]] in [[San Mateo, California]], which stayed open until 1986.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/758430566/ | title=June closing set for Oakland Liberty House store | work=[[Oakland Tribune]] | date=April 20, 1984 | accessdate=October 24, 2021 | pages=C1))</ref>

In 1988 Amfac was acquired in a leveraged-buyout by [[JMB Realty]] Corp., a [[Chicago]] real estate investment company, under whose ownership Liberty House expanded to [[Micronesia Mall]] in [[Guam]] in 1994. In 1998 Liberty House filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy, under which it closed most of its resort store business, which had totaled over 40 stores at one point. In 2001, after emerging from bankruptcy, the company was acquired by [[Federated Department Stores]] and merged into [[Macy's West]]. Macy's currently maintains a common law trademark by using the LibertyHouse.com domain which forwards to the [[Macy's]] website. The San Francisco Liberty House would become the Men's Store of [[Macy's Union Square]] until 2017, when Macy's would close it and it would be renovated for mixed-use.<ref name=sf1984>((cite news |last1=Itow |first1=Laurie |title=Macy's giant men's store |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-macys-giant/136124260/ |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=The San Francisco Examiner |date=25 September 1984 |pages=62))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.lightfantastic.org/imr/places/libertyhouse.html Liberty House History in Hawaii]

((Macy's history))

[[Category:Macy's]]
[[Category:Defunct department stores based in Hawaii]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1849]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1849]]
[[Category:Retail companies disestablished in 2001]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1998]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Hawaii]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in Hawaii]]
[[Category:2001 disestablishments in Hawaii]]

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