List of classifications
Class P: Language and Literature is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class P. It contains 19 sub-classifications, 12 of which are dedicated to language families and geographic groups of languages, and 10 sub-classifications of literature (4 subclasses contain both languages and literatures).
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P - Philology; Linguistics
1-1091..........Philology. Linguistics
- 1-85...........General
- 29............Encyclopedias and dictionaries of linguistics
- 37............Psycholinguistics
- 40............Sociolinguistics
- 61-77.........History of linguistics
- 87-96..........Communication. Mass media
- 94.7..........Interpersonal communication
- 95-95.6.......Oral communication. Speech
- 98-98.5........Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
- 99-99.4........Semiotics
- 99.5-99.6......Nonverbal communication
- 101-410........Language. Linguistic theory
- 106...........Philosophy of language
- 107...........Language and socio-psychological identity
- 116...........Origins and evolution of language
- 117...........Gesture
- 118-118.7.....Language acquisition
- 118..........First language acquisition
- 118.2........Second language acquisition
- 121-299.......Science of language (Linguistics)
- 121..........General language science textbooks
- 126..........Empirical research methods in linguistics
- 132..........Biological foundations of language
- 140-142......Historical linguistics
- 151-158.2....Grammar. Syntax
- 165..........Cognitive linguistics
- 211..........Historical writing systems
- 216-233......Phonology. Phonetics
- 216.........General phonology and phonetics
- 217-217.6...Phonology
- 221-221.5...Phonetics
- 222.........Intonation
- 241..........Morphology
- 291..........Generative grammar
- 301-301.5.....Style. Composition. Rhetoric, Figurative language
- 302-302.87....Discourse analysis
- 306-310.......Translating and interpreting
- 321-324.5.....Etymology
- 325-325.5.....Semantics
- 326-326.5.....Lexicology
- 327-327.5.....Lexicography
- 375-381.......Linguistic geography
- 501-769........Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) philology
- 901-1091.......Extinct ancient or medieval languages
PB - Modern languages; Celtic languages
1-3029............Modern languages; Celtic languages
- 1-431............General
- 1001-3029........Celtic languages and literature
- 1101-1200.......Goidelic; Gaelic
- 1201-1449.......Irish
- 1501-1709.......Gaelic (Scottish Gaelic, Erse)
- 1801-1867.......Manx
- 1950............Pict
- 2001-3029.......Brittanic group
- 2101-2499......Welsh; Cymric
- 2501-2621......Cornish
- 2801-2932......Breton; Armorican
- 3001-3029......Gaulish
PF - West Germanic languages
1–5999.........West Germanic
- 1–979.........Dutch
- 1001–1184.....Flemish
- 1401–1541.....Frisian
- 3001–5999.....German
- 3801–3991....Old High German
- 3992–4010....Old Saxon
- 4043–4350....Middle High German
- 4501–4596....Early Modern German
- 5000–5951....Dialects. Provincialism, etc.
- 5971–5999....Slang. Argot, etc.
PG - Slavic, Baltic, and Albanian languages
1-9665.............Slavic. Baltic. Albanian
- 1-7948............Slavic
- 1-499............Slavic philology and languages (General)
- 500-585..........Slavic literature (General)
- 601-716..........Church Slavic
- 771-799..........Bulgarian Church Slavic
- 801-1146.........Bulgarian
- 1151-1199........Macedonian
- 1201-1696........Serbo-Croatian
- 1801-1962........Slovenian
- 2001-2826........Russian language
- 2830-2847........Belarusian
- 2900-3698........Russian literature
- 2900-3190.......History and criticism
- 2900-2998......General
- 3001-3026......Special periods
- 3041-3065......Poetry
- 3071-3089......Drama
- 3091-3099......Prose
- 3100-3155......Folk literature (including texts)
- 3199-3299.......Collections
- 3199-3205......General
- 3211-3219......Translations
- 3223-3228......Special periods
- 3230-3238......Poetry
- 3240-3255......Drama
- 3260-3299......Prose
- 3300-3490.......Individual authors and works
- 3300-3308......Early to 1700
- 3310-3319......18th century
- 3312..........Derzhavin
- 3314..........Karamzin
- 3316..........Lomonosov
- 3318..........Sumarokov
- 3320-3447......1800-1870
- 3325-3328.....Dostoevskii
- 3332-3335.....Gogol
- 3340-3359.....Pushkin
- 3365-3417.....Tolstoi
- 3420-3445.....Turgenev
- 3450-3470......1870-1917
- 3452..........Andreev
- 3455-3458.....Gor'kii
- 3475-3476......1917-1960
- 3477-3490......1961-2000
- 3491.2-3493.96....2001-
- 3500-3505.......Provincial, local, etc.
- 3515-3550.......Outside the Russian Federation
- 3651-3698.......Special subjects
- 3801-3987........Ukrainian
- 3990.............Carpatho-Rusyn
- 4001-5146........Czech
- 5201-5546........Slovak
- 5631-5689........Sorbian (Wendic)
- 6001-7446........Polish
- 7900-7925........Other Slavic dialects
- 8001-9146.........Baltic
- 8201-8208........Old Prussian
- 8501-8772........Lithuanian
- 8801-9146........Latvian
- 9501-9665.........Albanian
PH - Uralic languages and Basque
1-5490.............Uralic. Basque
- 1-87..............General
- 91-98.5...........Finnic. Baltic-Finnic
- 101-405...........Finnish
- 501-1109..........Other Finnic languages and dialects
- 501-509..........Karelian
- 521-529..........Olonets
- 531-539..........Ludic
- 541-549..........Veps
- 551-559..........Ingrian
- 561-569..........Vitic
- 581-589..........Livonian
- 601-671..........Estonian
- 701-735..........Lapp, [now Sami languages group]
- 751-785..........Mordvin
- 801-836..........Mari
- 1001-1079........Permian, [a.k.a. Komi-Permyak]
- 1101-1109........Udmurt 1201-1409....Ugric languages
- 2001-3445.........Hungarian
- 3801-3820.........Samoyedic languages
- 5001-5490.........Basque
PJ - Oriental languages and literature
1-9500..........Oriental philology and literature
- 1-489..........General
- 1-195.........Languages
- 306-489.......Literature
- 601-995........Special groups
- 601-621.......Christian Oriental
- 701-989.......Mohammedan
- 991-995.......Hamito-Semitic
- 1001-1989......Egyptology
- 1091-1109.....Egyptian writing and its decipherment
- 1111-1439.....Language
- 1481-1989.....Literature. Inscriptions
- 2001-2199......Coptic
- 2340-2399......Lybyco-Berber languages. Berber languages
- 2353-2367.....Libyan group
- 2369-2399.....Berber languages
- 2401-2594......Cushitic languages
- 3001-3097......Semitic philology and literature
- 3101-4091......East Semitic languages
- 3101-3971.....Assyriology. Akkadian
- 3231-3595....Language
- 3601-3971....Literature. Inscriptions
- 4001-4091.....Sumerian
- 4101-4197......West and North Semitic languages
- 4171-4197.....Phenician-Punic
- 4501-5192......Hebrew
- 4543-4937.....Language (Biblical and modern)
- 4951-5000.....Medieval Hebrew
- 5001-5060.....Literature
- 5050-5060....Individual authors and works
- 5061-5192.....Other languages used by the Jews
- 5111-5192....Yiddish
- 5201-5329......Aramaic
- 5211-5289.....West Aramaic
- 5211-5219....Biblical (Chaldaic)
- 5229.........Palmyrene inscriptions
- 5239.........Nabataean inscriptions
- 5241-5249....Christian Palestinian
- 5251-5259....Jewish Palestinian
- 5271-5279....Samaritan
- 5281-5289....Neo-Aramaic
- 5301-5329.....East Aramaic
- 5321-5329....Mandaean
- 5401-5909......Syriac
- 5414-5493.....Language
- 5601-5695.....Literature
- 5701-5709.....East Syriac (Nestorian)
- 5711-5719.....West Syriac (Jacobite)
- 5801-5809.....Neo-Syriac dialects (Modern Syriac)
- 5901-5909.....South Semitic languages
- 6001-8517......Arabic
- 6073-7144.....Language
- 6690-6697....Ancient Arabic
- 6701-6901....Modern Arabic dialects
- 6950-7144....South Arabian
- 6950-6981...Ancient
- 7051-7144...Modern
- 7501-8517.....Literature
- 7695.8-7876..Individual authors or works
- 8991-9293......Ethiopian languages
- 9001-9101.....Ethiopic (Geez)
- 9201-9269.....Amharic
PK - Indo-Iranian languages and literature
1-9601...................Indo-Iranian philology and literature
- 1-85....................General
- 101-2899................Indo-Aryan languages
- 101-185................General
- (201)-379..............Vedic
- 401-976................Sanskrit
- 1001-1095..............Pali
- 1201-1409.5............Prakrit
- 1421-1429.5............Apabhraṃśa
- 1471-1490..............Middle Indo-Aryan dialects
- 1501-2899..............Modern Indo-Aryan languages
- 1550-2899.............Particular languages and dialects
- 1550-1569............Assamese
- 1651-(1799)..........Bengali
- 1801-1831.95.........Bihari
- 1841-1870.95.........Gujarati
- 1931-2212............Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani languages and literatures
- 1931-1970...........Hindi language
- 1971-1979.5.........Urdu language
- 1981-2000...........Hindustani language
- 2030-2142...........Hindi, Hindustani literatures
- 2151-2212...........Urdu literature
- 2261-2270.9..........Lahnda
- 2351-2418............Marathi
- 2461-2479............Marwari
- 2561-2579.5..........Oriya
- 2591-2610............Pahari
- 2631-2659............Panjabi
- 2701-2708.9..........Rajasthani
- 2781-2790............Sindhi
- 2801-2891............Sinhalese (Singhalese)
- 2892-2892.95.........Siraki
- 2896-2899............Romani
- (2901)-5471.............Indo-Aryan literature
- (2901)-2979............General
- 3591-4485..............Sanskrit
- 3791-3799.............Individual authors and works
- (3801)-(4251).........Special subjects
- 4471-4485.............Translations
- (4501)-4681............Pali literature
- 4990-5046..............Prakrit literature
- 5401-5471..............Modern Indo-Aryan literature
- 6001-6996...............Iranian philology and literature
- 6001-6099..............General
- 6101-(6119)............Avestan
- 6121-6129..............Old Persian
- 6135-6199.9............Middle Iranian languages
- 6141-6199.5...........Pahlavi
- 6201-(6599.7)..........New Persian
- 6201-6399.............Language
- 6400-(6599.7).........Literature
- 6450.9-6562.35.......Individual authors or works
- 6455-6460...........Firdawsi
- 6465................Hafiz
- 6475................Ibn Yamin, Fakhr al-Din Mahmud
- 6478-6482...........Jalal al-Din Rumi Maulana
- 6490................Jami
- 6501................Nizami Ganjavi
- 6510-6525...........Omar Khayyam
- 6540-6546...........Sadi
- 6701-6821..............Afghan (Pashto, Pushto, Pushtu, etc.)
- 7001-7075...............Dardic (Pisacha)
- 7021-7037..............Kashmiri
- 7040-7045..............Kohistani
- 7050-7065..............Nuristani (Kafiri) group
- 8001-8832...............Armenian language
- 8001-8496..............Language
- 8501-8832..............Armenian literature
- 9001-9201...............Caucasian languages
- 9101-9169..............Georgian
PL - Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
1–8844.................Languages of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
- 1–481.................Ural–Altaic languages
- 21–396...............Turkic languages
- 400–431..............Mongolian languages
- 450–481..............Tungus Manchu languages
- (490)–495.............Far Eastern languages and literature
- 501–889...............Japanese language and literature
- 501–699..............Japanese language
- 700–889..............Japanese literature
- 700–751.5............History and criticism
- 752–783..............Collections
- 784–866..............Individual authors and works
- 885–889..............Local literature
- 901–998...............Korean language and literature
- 901–949..............Korean language
- 950–998..............Korean literature
- 950.2–969.5.........History and criticism
- 969.8–985...........Collections
- 986–993.............Individual authors and works
- 997–998.............Local literature
- 1001–3208.............Chinese language and literature
- 1001–1960............Chinese language
- 2250–3208............Chinese literature
- 2250–2443...........History and criticism
- 2450–2659...........Collections
- 2661–2979...........Individual authors and works
- 3030–3208...........Provincial, local, colonial, etc.
- 3301–3311.............Non-Chinese languages of China
- 3501–3509.............Non-Aryan languages of India and Southeastern Asia in general
- 3512..................Malaysian literature
- 3515..................Singapore literature
- 3518..................Languages of the Montagnards
- 3521–4001.............Sino-Tibetan languages
- 3551–4001............Tibeto-Burman languages
- 3561–3801...........Tibeto-Himalayan languages
- 3601–3775..........Tibetan
- 3781–3801..........Himalayan languages
- 3851–4001...........Assam and Burma
- 4051–4054.............Karen languages
- 4070–4074.............Miao–Yao languages
- 4281–4587.............Austroasiatic languages
- 4301–4470............Mon–Khmer (Mon–Annam) languages
- 4371–4379...........Vietnamese. Annamese
- 4423–4470...........Bru, Chrau, Khasi, Muong, etc.
- 4471–4471.5..........Nicobarese
- 4490–4498............Chamic languages
- 4501–4587............Munda languages (Kolarian languages)
- 4601–(4890)...........Dravidian languages
- 5001–7511.............Languages of Oceania
- 5001–7101............Austronesian, Papuan, and Australian languages
- 5051–5497...........Malayan (Indonesian) languages
- 5501–6135...........Philippine languages
- 6145–6167...........Taiwan languages
- 6191–6341...........Micronesian and Melanesian languages
- 6401–6551...........Polynesian languages
- 6601–6621...........Papuan languages
- 7001–7101...........Australian languages
- 8000–8844.............African languages and literature
- 8000–8009............Languages
- 8009.5–8014..........Literature
- 8015–8021............Languages. By region or country
- 8024–8027............Special families of languages
- 8035–8844............Special languages (alphabetically)
PN - General literature
1-6790...............Literature (General)
- 1-9.................Periodicals
- 20-30...............Societies
- 45-57...............Theory. Philosophy. Esthetics
- 59-72...............Study and teaching
- 80-99...............Criticism
- 101-245.............Authorship
- 172-239............Technique. Literary composition, etc.
- 241-241.5..........Translating as a literary pursuit
- 441-1009.5..........Literary history
- 451-497.............Biography
- 500-519.............Collections
- 597-605.............Special relations; movements; and currents of literature
- 610-779.............By Period
- 611-649............Ancient
- 661-694............Medieval (to 1500)
- 683-687...........Legends
- 688-691...........Poetry
- 692-693...........Prose; Prose fiction
- 695-779............ Modern
- 715-749...........Renaissance (1500–1700)
- 801-820.............Romance literature
- 821-840.............Germanic literature
- 841.................Black literature (General)
- 842.................Jewish literature in various languages
- 851-(884)...........Comparative literature
- (905)-1008..........Folk literature
- 980-995............Fables
- 1008.2-1009.5.......Juvenile literature.
- 1010-1525...........Poetry
- 1031-1049..........Theory, philosophy, relations, etc
- 1065-1085..........Relations to, and treatment of, special subjects
- 1110-1279..........History and criticism.
- 1301-1333..........Epic poetry
- 1341-1347..........Folk poetry
- 1351-1389..........Lyric poetry
- 1530...............The monologue
- 1551................The dialogue
- 1560-1590...........The performing arts; Show business
- 1585-1589..........Centers for the performing arts
- 1600-3307...........Drama
- 1635-1650..........Relation to, and treatment of, special subjects
- 1660-1693..........Technique of dramatic composition
- 1720-1861..........History
- 1865-1988..........Special types
- 1990-1992.92.......Broadcasting
- 1991-1991.9.......Radio broadcasts
- 1992-1992.92......Television broadcasts
- 1992.93-1992.95...Nonbroadcast video recordings
- 1993-1999..........Motion pictures
- 1997-1997.85......Plays, scenarios, etc.
- 2000-3307..........Dramatic representation; The theater
- 2061-2071..........Art of acting
- 2085-2091..........The stage and accessories
- 2131-2193..........By period
- 2131-2145.........Ancient
- 2152-2160.........Medieval
- 2171-2179.........Renaissance
- 2181-2193.........Modern
- 2219.3-3030........Special regions or countries.
- 2920..............Japanese Theatre
- 3035...............The Jewish theater
- 3151-3171..........Amateur theater
- 3175-3191..........College and school theatricals
- 3203-3299..........Tableaux, pageants, "Happenings," etc
- 3311-3503...........Prose; Prose fiction
- 3329-3352..........Philosophy, theory, etc
- 3355-3383..........Technique; Authorship
- 3427-3448..........Special kinds of fiction; Fiction genres
- 3451-3503..........History
- 4001-4355...........Oratory; Elocution, etc
- 4071-4095..........Study and teaching
- 4177-4191..........Debating
- 4199-4191.........Recitations (in English)
- 4331-4335..........Recitations in foreign languages
- 4390................Diaries
- 4400................Letters (Literary history)
- 4500................Essays (Literary history)
- 4699-5650...........Journalism. The periodical press, etc
- 4735-4748..........Relation to the state; Government and the press; Liberty of the press
- 4775-4784..........Technique; Practical journalism
- 4825-4830..........Amateur journalism
- 4832-4836..........Magazines and other periodicals
- 4840-5648..........By region or country
- 5650...............The Jewish press
- 6010-6790...........Collections of general literature
- 6066-6069..........Special classes of authors
- 6080-6095..........Quotations
- 6081-6084.........English
- 6086-6089.........French
- 6090-6110.........German
- 6099-6110..........Poetry
- 6110.5-6120........Drama
- 6120.15-6120.95....Fiction
- 6121-6129..........Orations
- 6130-6140..........Letters
- 6141-6145..........Essays
- 6146.5-6231........Wit and humor
- 6157-6222..........By region or country
- 6233-6238..........Anacreontic literature
- 6244-6246..........Literary extracts; Commonplace books
- 6249-6258..........Ana
- 6259-6268..........Anecdotes; Table talk
- 6269-6278..........Aphorisms; Apothegms
- 6279-6288..........Epigrams
- 6288.5-6298........Epitaphs
- 6299-6308..........Maxims
- 6309-6318..........Mottoes
- 6319-6328..........Sayings, bon mots, etc
- 6329-6338..........Thoughts
- 6340-6348..........Toasts
- 6348.5-6358........Emblems, devices
- 6361...............Paradoxes
- 6366-6377..........Riddles, acrostics, charades, conundrums, etc
- 6400-6525..........Proverbs
- 6700-6790..........Comic books, strips, etc
PZ - Fiction and juvenile belles letters
1-90....Fiction and juvenile belles lettres
- 1-4....Fiction in English
- 5-90...Juvenile belles letters