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((Short description|Species of lily))
((More citations needed|type =plant|date=December 2009))
((Speciesbox
|image = Lilium auratum1.jpg
|genus = Lilium
|species = auratum
|authority = [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]
))

'''''Lilium auratum''''' (((lang-ja|山百合|yamayuri|label=none)), literally "mountain lily") is one of the true [[Lilium|lilies]].  It is native to [[Japan]] and is sometimes called the '''golden-rayed lily'''  or the '''goldband lily'''.

==Description==
The flower colour is typically white with gold radial markings and orange spots, but variations in flower colour and markings are known. For example, the variety ''platyphyllum'' which bears a gold stripe along the [[tepals]] but lacks spots.<ref>The RHS Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, Christopher Brickell, Dorling Kindersley, London, 1996, p613. ((ISBN|0-7513-0436-0))</ref> The strongly scented flowers are the largest of any lily species and the largest plants, which can reach ((convert|2.5|m|ft|0)), can carry up to twenty of these.

It has been used widely in breeding and many of the more spectacular modern cultivars are derived in part from this species.

[[File:Lilium auratum - pollen.jpg|thumb|left|''Lilium auratum'' var. ''auratum'' [[pollen]]]]

==Cultivation==
This lily does well in plain or acidic soil; rich or fertilised soil will kill the plant. Bulbs should be planted in a hole three times their size in both depth and width in a well-drained area. The best position for this plant is one where its top will receive sunlight while its base remains shaded.

This lily can be cultivated by seed, but for faster reproduction scaling is recommended. Its life span (around 3 or 4 years) is significantly less than that of its descendants, so reproducing this plant is important for gardeners.

== Chemistry ==
''L. auratum'' contains phenolic [[glyceride]]s such as [[1,2-O-diferuloylglycerol]], [[1-O-feruloyl-2-O-p-coumaroylglycerol]], [[1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-O-feruloylglycerol]], [[1-O-feruloylglycerol]], [[1,3-O-diferuloylglycerol]], [[1-O-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol]] and [[1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol]].<ref>Phenolic glycerides from Lilium auratum. Hiroko Shimomura, Yutaka Sashida and Yoshihiro Mimaki, Phytochemistry, 1987, Volume 26, Issue 3, Pages 844–845, ((doi|10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84801-3))</ref>

== Export history ==
The Englishman who was the earliest collector of lily bulbs in Japan was arguably young [[John Gould Veitch]] of [[Veitch Nurseries]], and in 1862 he sent to England the golden rayed lily, ''L. auratum'', which became touted as the "aristocrat of lilies".((sfnp|Sakasegawa|2005|p=130)) It was allegedly in 1867 that a man named John Joshua Jarmain operating from Yokohama became the first commercial exporter of Japanese lilies,<ref>((citation|last=Suzuki |first=Ichiro |author-link=<!--鈴木一郎--> |title=Nihon yurine bōeki no rekishi |script-title=ja:日本ユリ根貿易の歴史 |trans-title=History of the Trading of Japanese Lily Bulbs |place=Higashimatsuyama, Saitama |publisher=Suzuki Ichiro |year=1971 )) 47 pp. ''apud'' ((harvp|Sakasegawa|2005|pp=130–131)) and ((harvp|Prue|2010|p=516))</ref> though the species of lily is not clarified. The mint exporter [[Samuel Cocking]] of Yokohama also exported lilies from the early 1800s,((sfnp|Sakasegawa|2005|p=131)) presumably of the ''L. auratum'' species, which is the local ((illm|Japanese prefectural symbols((!))prefectural flower|ja|都道府県のシンボルの一覧)) of [[Kanagawa]] Prefecture.<ref name=miyamoto/> [[Isaac Bunting]], another purveyor of plants offered ''L. auratum'' for sale, as seen in his [[1885]] catalog.((sfnp|Prue|2010|p=516))

== Edibility ==
((Further|Lilium#Culinary and herb uses))

''L. auratum'' is one of several species traditionally eaten as lily bulb (((illm|yuri-ne((!))''yuri-ne''|ja|ユリ根|preserve=1))) in Japan,<ref name=grieve/><ref name=nihon-shakai-jii/> usually saving the bulbs for eating until they have grown large.<ref name=taylor/> The bulb is still used as food,<ref name=kingsbury/> but while wild foraged ''L. auratum'' was formerly a major source entering the market, this has largely been displaced by farm-grown ''kooni-yuri'' or ''Lilium leichtlinii''.<ref name=takekawa&iizuka/>

The bulbs are also eaten in Chinese cuisine.<ref name=grieve/>

== Toxicity ==
((Further|Lilium#Toxicity))
Any part of the ''Lilium'' species may exhibit toxicity to cats,<ref>((cite journal| pmid=21147474 |doi=10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006 |volume=25 |title=Lily toxicity in the cat |year=2010 |journal=Top Companion Anim Med |pages=213–7 |last1=Fitzgerald | first1 = KT|issue=4 ))</ref><ref>[http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ccah/health_information/plants_pets.cfm Pets and toxic plants] UC Davis Veterinary Medicine.</ref> but it is not noted among "lilies" of particular concern for felines according to a Japanese veterinary source.((efn|The five deadliest "lilies" are listed as :''[[Lilium longiflorum]]'', ''[[Lilium lancifolium|L. lancifolium]], ''L. leichtlinii'', , [[Daylily]] (Hataya veterinary clinic)))<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.hataya-ah.com/%E7%8C%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92/ |author=Hataya Animal Hospital of Tarumi-ku, Kobe<!--Copyright(C)2010 神戸市垂水区/旗谷動物病院. All Rights Reserved.--> |title=Lily poisoning in Cats |script-title=ja:猫のユリ中毒 |date=2010-08-10 |access-date=2020-01-12))</ref>

==Explanatory notes==
((Notelist))

== References ==
;Citations
((Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=grieve>((cite book|last=Grieve |first=Maude |author-link=<!--Maude Grieve--> |title=A Modern Herbal |publisher=[[Dover Press]] |year=1971 |orig-year=<!--Harcourt, Brace, -->1931 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REy8Yiyf2HEC&pg=PA484 |page=484 |isbn=978-0-486-22799-3))</ref>

<ref name=kingsbury>((cite book|last=Kingsbury |first=Noel |author-link=Noel Kingsbury |title=Garden Flora: The Natural and Cultural History of the Plants In Your Garden |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |year=2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSUADQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195 |page=195 |isbn=978-1-604-69565-6))</ref>

<ref name=miyamoto>((cite book|last=Miyamoto |first=Kenji |author-link=:ja:宮元健次 |title=Kamakura no teien: Kamakura, Yokohama no meien wo meguru |script-title=ja:鎌倉の庭園: 鎌倉・横浜の名園をめぐる |publisher=Kanagawa-shimbun |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VeGnNl8tiKwC&pg=PA321 |page=321 |isbn=978-4-876-45399-3))</ref>

<ref name=nihon-shakai-jii>"yuri ユリ", in ((cite dictionary|title=Nihon shakai jii |script-title=ja:日本社會事彙 |volume=2<!--下巻--> |publisher=[[:ja:経済雑誌社|Keizai zasshi-sha]] |year=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 |pages=2079c, 2082–2083))</ref>

<ref name=takekawa&iizuka>((cite book|editor-last=Takekawa |editor-first=Masae |editor-link=<!--武川政江--> |editor-last2=Iizuka |editor-first2=Keiko |editor-link2=<!--飯塚恵子, herbalist--> |title=Saishin oishii yasai hyaku shu no jōzu na sodate-kata |script-title=ja:最新 おいしい野菜１００種のじょうずな育て方 |publisher=[[:ja:主婦の友社|Shufunotomo]] |year=2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yr0PDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 |page=146 |isbn=9784074145003 ))</ref>

<ref name=taylor>((cite book|last=Taylor |first=Harriet Osgood |author-link=<!--Harriet Osgood Taylor, aka Mrs. Basil Taylor--> |title=A Modern Herbal |publisher=[[Dodd, Mead & Co.]] |year=1912 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vc0zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA284 |page=284))</ref>

))

;Bibliography
((Refbegin))
* ((citation|last=Sakasegawa |first=Sumiyuki |author-link=<!--酒瀬川純行--> |title=The Life of Isaac Bunting: The Victorian Colchester Nurseryman Who ʻDiscoveredʼ the Erabu Lily |journal=Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Humanities |volume=26 |number=1 |year=2005 |url=https://shigakukan.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=646&item_no=1&attribute_id=14&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21 |pages=127–150))
* ((citation|last=Prue |first=James |author-link=<!--Prue James--> |title=Isaac Bunting (1850-1936): From Essex to Japan and Japanese Lily Bulbs |work=Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits |volume=7 |publisher=Global Oriental |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA516 |pages=514–|isbn=9789004218031 ))

((Refend))

((Clear))
((Taxonbar|from=Q134486))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Lilium|auratum]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Lindley]]
[[Category:Flora of Japan]]

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