Original author(s)Wensong Zhang
Developer(s)et al.
Initial releaseMay 1998; 25 years ago (1998-05)
Written inC
Operating systemLinux
Typeload balancing
LicenseGNU General Public License
Websitewww.linuxvirtualserver.org

Linux Virtual Server (LVS) is load balancing software for Linux kernel–based operating systems.

LVS is a free and open-source project started by Wensong Zhang in May 1998, subject to the requirements of the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. The mission of the project is to build a high-performance and highly available server for Linux using clustering technology, which provides good scalability, reliability and serviceability.

Overview

LVS as used by Wikimedia Foundation in 2022.

The major work of the LVS project is now to develop advanced IP load balancing software (IPVS), application-level load balancing software (KTCPVS), and cluster management components.

LVS can be used for building highly scalable and highly available network services, such as web, email, media and VoIP services, and integrating scalable network services into large-scale reliable e-commerce or e-government applications. LVS-based solutions already have been deployed in many real applications throughout the world, including Wikipedia.

The LVS components depend upon the Linux Netfilter framework, and its source code is available in the net/netfilter/ipvs subdirectory within the Linux kernel source. LVS is able to handle UDP, TCP layer-4 protocols as well as FTP passive connection by inspecting layer-7 packets. It provides a hierarchy of counters in the /proc directory.

The userland utility program used to configure LVS is called ipvsadm, which requires superuser privileges to run.

Schedulers

LVS implements several balancing schedulers, listed below with the relevant source files:[3]

Glossary

Commonly used terms include the following:[4]

Examples

Setting up a virtual HTTP server with two real servers: 

ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.0.1:80 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.1:80 -r 172.16.0.1:80 -m
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.0.1:80 -r 172.16.0.2:80 -m

The first command assigns TCP port 80 on IP address 192.168.0.1 to the virtual server. The chosen scheduling algorithm for load balancing is round-robin (-s rr). The second and third commands are adding IP addresses of real servers to the LVS setup. The forwarded network packets shall be masked (-m).

Querying the status of the above configured LVS setup: 

# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.0.8 (size=65536)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.0.1:80 rr
  -> 172.16.0.2:80                Masq    1      3          1
  -> 172.16.0.1:80                Masq    1      4          0

See also

References

  1. ^ "IPVS Software - Advanced Layer-4 Switching". linuxvirtualserver.org. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  2. ^ Wensong Zhang (2011-02-08). "KTCPVS Software - Application-Level Load Balancing". Linuxvirtualserver.org. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
  3. ^ "Job Scheduling Algorithms in Linux Virtual Server". linuxvirtualserver.org. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
  4. ^ "Linux Virtual Server: Load Balance Your Networked Services". bobcares.com. 2008. Retrieved 2013-11-24.

External links

Linux kernel
Categories