A photograph of a Caucasian man, wearing a sweater over a shirt and tie. He is pictured against a white tiled wall.
Matti Lähde, a member of Finland's gold medal-winning team in the cross-country 4 × 10 km relay

The 1936 Winter Olympics, officially known by the International Olympic Committee as the IV Olympic Winter Games,[1] were a multi-sport event held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from February 6 through February 16, 1936. A total of 646 athletes representing 28 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated at the Games in 17 events across 8 disciplines.[2]

The Olympic programme was changed from that of the 1932 Lake Placid Olympics, with the addition of alpine skiing for both men and women. Two demonstration sports were held—eisschiessen and military patrol.[2] Later added to the regular programme as biathlon, military patrol made its third appearance as a demonstration sport in the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Games.[3] Both men and women participated at these Games, with the women's alpine skiing event being the first medal event women contested at the Winter Olympics outside of figure skating. Two figure skating events for women—ladies' singles and pairs—had been part of the programme since the first Winter Olympics.[4][5][6]

A total of 95 athletes won medals at the Games.[7] Norway topped the medal count with fifteen medals, seven of which were gold. Sweden had the second most number of medals with seven, but had one less gold medal than host nation Germany, who had three golds and six overall medals. Austria, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States won medals in more than one event. Athletes from 11 of the 28 participating NOCs won at least a bronze medal; athletes from eight countries won at least one gold.[8][9] Great Britain's unexpected win in ice hockey remains their only Olympic gold medal in the sport to date.[2][10]

Sonja Henie of Norway won her third straight gold medal in the ladies' singles figure skating event, her last Olympic medal as she turned professional shortly after the Games.[2] Karl Schäfer of Austria also successfully defended his men's singles figure skating title from Lake Placid.[9][11] Sweden swept the medals in the cross-country 50 km, as did Norway in the Nordic combined.[9] Norway's Ivar Ballangrud was the most successful athlete, winning three golds and a silver in speed skating[9] and taking his career total to seven Olympic medals.[2] Other multiple medal winners were Oddbjørn Hagen of Norway (one gold, two silvers), Ernst Baier of Germany (one gold, one silver), Joseph Beerli of Switzerland (one gold, one silver), Erik August Larsson of Sweden (one gold, one bronze), Birger Wasenius of Finland (two silvers, one bronze), Olaf Hoffsbakken of Norway (two silvers), Fritz Feierabend of Switzerland (two silvers) and Sverre Brodahl of Norway (one silver, one bronze).[9]

Alpine skiing

A Scandinavian woman is pictured standing surrounded by three men, one of whom is seen patting her shoulder.
Norwegian Laila Schou Nilsen, the women's combined bronze medallist in alpine skiing

See also: Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's combined[12]
details 		Franz Pfnür
 Germany 		Gustav Lantschner
 Germany 		Émile Allais
 France
Women's combined[13]
details 		Christl Cranz
 Germany 		Käthe Grasegger
 Germany 		Laila Schou Nilsen
 Norway

Bobsleigh

See also: Bobsleigh at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Two-man
details 		 United States (USA)[14]
USA I
Ivan Brown
Alan Washbond 		 Switzerland (SUI)[15]
Switzerland II
Fritz Feierabend
Joseph Beerli 		 United States (USA)[14]
USA II
Gilbert Colgate
Richard Lawrence
Four-man
details 		 Switzerland (SUI)[15]
Switzerland II
Pierre Musy
Arnold Gartmann
Charles Bouvier
Joseph Beerli 		 Switzerland (SUI)[15]
Switzerland I
Reto Capadrutt
Hans Aichele
Fritz Feierabend
Hans Bütikofer 		 Great Britain (GBR)[16]
Great Britain I
Frederick McEvoy
James Cardno
Guy Dugdale
Charles Green

Cross-country skiing

A man in white is pictured with a ski pole in his left hand. On his shirt is pinned a number tag with the number 37. Behind him to his right is a crowd of spectators at the side of a cross-country skiing course.
Elis Wiklund, the Swedish gold medallist in the 50 km cross-country skiing race

See also: Cross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
18 km[17]
details 		Erik August Larsson
 Sweden 		Oddbjørn Hagen
 Norway 		Pekka Niemi
 Finland
50 km[18]
details 		Elis Wiklund
 Sweden 		Axel Wikström
 Sweden 		Nils-Joel Englund
 Sweden
4×10 km relay
details 		 Finland (FIN)[19]
Kalle Jalkanen
Klaes Karppinen
Matti Lähde
Sulo Nurmela 		 Norway (NOR)[20]
Sverre Brodahl
Oddbjørn Hagen
Olaf Hoffsbakken
Bjarne Iversen 		 Sweden (SWE)[21]
John Berger
Arthur Häggblad
Erik August Larsson
Martin Matsbo

Figure skating

A young smiling woman wearing an embroidered hat and a jacket with furred collar and sleeve hems.
Ladies' singles gold medallist Sonja Henie pictured in 1930. Henie won her third consecutive gold medal in 1936 and turned professional shortly after the Games.

See also: Figure skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's singles[22]
details 		Karl Schäfer
 Austria 		Ernst Baier
 Germany 		Felix Kaspar
 Austria
Ladies' singles[23]
details 		Sonja Henie
 Norway 		Cecilia Colledge
 Great Britain 		Vivi-Anne Hultén
 Sweden
Pairs
details 		 Germany (GER)[24]
Maxi Herber
Ernst Baier 		 Austria (AUT)[25]
Ilse Pausin
Erik Pausin 		 Hungary (HUN)[26]
Emília Rotter
László Szollás

Ice hockey

See also: Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's team
details 		 Great Britain (GBR)[27]
James Foster
Carl Erhardt
Gordon Dailley
Archibald Stinchcombe
Edgar Brenchley
John Coward
James Chappell
Alexander Archer
Gerry Davey
James Borland
Robert Wyman
Jack Kilpatrick 		 Canada (CAN)[28]
Francis Moore
Arthur Nash
Herman Murray
Walter Kitchen
Raymond Milton
David Neville
Kenneth Farmer
Hugh Farquharson
Maxwell Deacon
Alexander Sinclair
Bill Thomson
James Haggarty
Ralph St. Germain 		 United States (USA)[29]
Thomas Moone
Frank Shaughnessy, Jr.
Philip LaBatte
Frank Stubbs
John Garrison
Paul Rowe
John Lax
Gordon Smith
Elbridge Ross
Francis Spain
August Kammer

Nordic combined

See also: Nordic combined at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's individual[30]
details 		Oddbjørn Hagen
 Norway 		Olaf Hoffsbakken
 Norway 		Sverre Brodahl
 Norway

Ski jumping

See also: Ski jumping at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's individual[31]
details 		Birger Ruud
 Norway 		Sven Eriksson
 Sweden 		Reidar Andersen
 Norway

Speed skating

See also: Speed skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Event Gold Silver Bronze
500 metres[32]
details 		Ivar Ballangrud
 Norway 		Georg Krog
 Norway 		Leo Freisinger
 United States
1500 metres[33]
details 		Charles Mathiesen
 Norway 		Ivar Ballangrud
 Norway 		Birger Wasenius
 Finland
5000 metres[34]
details 		Ivar Ballangrud
 Norway 		Birger Wasenius
 Finland 		Antero Ojala
 Finland
10000 metres[35]
details 		Ivar Ballangrud
 Norway 		Birger Wasenius
 Finland 		Max Stiepl
 Austria

Multiple medallists

Athletes who won multiple medals are listed below.[9]

Athlete Nation Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total
Ivar Ballangrud  Norway (NOR) Speed skating 3 1 0 4
Oddbjørn Hagen  Norway (NOR) Cross-country skiing
Nordic combined 		1 2 0 3
Ernst Baier  Germany (GER) Figure skating 1 1 0 2
Joseph Beerli  Switzerland (SUI) Bobsleigh 1 1 0 2
Erik August Larsson  Sweden (SWE) Cross-country skiing 1 0 1 2
Birger Wasenius  Finland (FIN) Speed skating 0 2 1 3
Fritz Feierabend  Switzerland (SUI) Bobsleigh 0 2 0 2
Olaf Hoffsbakken  Norway (NOR) Cross-country skiing
Nordic combined 		0 2 0 2
Sverre Brodahl  Norway (NOR) Cross-country skiing
Nordic combined 		0 1 1 2

See also

References

  1. ^ Organisationskomitee für die IV. Olympischen Winterspiele, p. 29.
  2. ^ a b c d e Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 Archived 2010-12-05 at the Wayback Machine. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  3. ^ LeDuff, Charlie (February 21, 2002). "Olympics; Biathlon; Fourth Gold Medal For a Positive Thinker". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  4. ^ Chamonix 1924 Archived 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  5. ^ St. Moritz 1928 Archived 2010-12-05 at the Wayback Machine. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  6. ^ Lake Placid 1932 Archived 2010-10-08 at the Wayback Machine. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  7. ^ "1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  8. ^ "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Organisationskomitee für die IV. Olympischen Winterspiele, p. 437.
  10. ^ "All the medallists since 1896". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  11. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Karl Schäfer". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
  12. ^ "Alpine Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's Combined Archived 2017-10-27 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  13. ^ "Alpine Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Women's Combined Archived 2017-10-27 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  14. ^ a b "United States Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  15. ^ a b c "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  16. ^ "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  17. ^ "Cross Country Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 18 kilometres Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  18. ^ "Cross Country Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 50 kilometres Archived 2017-08-27 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  19. ^ "Finland Cross Country Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  20. ^ "Mprway Cross Country Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  21. ^ "Sweden Cross Country Skiing at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  22. ^ "Figure Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's Singles Archived 2012-10-03 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  23. ^ "Figure Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Women's Singles Archived 2013-10-15 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  24. ^ "Germany Figure Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  25. ^ "Austria Figure Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  26. ^ "Hungary Figure Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  27. ^ "Great Britain Ice Hockey at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  28. ^ "Canada Ice Hockey at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2017-07-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  29. ^ "United States Ice Hockey at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  30. ^ "Nordic Combined at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2017-07-09 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  31. ^ "Ski Jumping at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games Archived 2017-08-28 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  32. ^ "Speed Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 500 Meters Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  33. ^ "Speed Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 1,500 Meters Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  34. ^ "Speed Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 5,000 Meters Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
  35. ^ "Speed Skating at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games: Men's 10,000 Meters Archived 2018-03-12 at the Wayback Machine". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 22, 2012.

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