This article lists the genera of the Archaea. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[2] However, in the List provided below, GTDB has precedence unless otherwise noted.

Phylogeny

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups.[3][4][5][6][7]

Cladogram was taken from the GTDB release 08-RS214 (28th April 2023).[8][9][10] The position of clades with a "question mark" are based on the additional phylogeny of the 16S rRNA-based LTP_12_2021 by The All-Species Living Tree Project.[11][12][13]

Archaea

"Undinarchaeota"

"Huberarchaeaota"

"Aenigmarchaeota"

"Nanohalarchaeota"

"Nanoarchaeota"

"Altarchaeota"

"Iainarchaeota"

"Micrarchaeota"

"Hadarchaeota"

Methanobacteriota_B

"Methanomada"

"Hydrothermarchaeota"

"Methanobacteriota"

"Neoeuryarchaeota"

"Thermoplasmatota"

"Halobacteriota"

"Proteoarchaeota"

"Asgardaeota"

Thermoproteota

Phylum "Microcaldota"

Class "Microcaldia"

Order "Microcaldales"

Phylum "Undinarchaeota"

Class "Undinarchaeia"

Order "Undinarchaeales"

Phylum "Altarchaeota"

Class "Altarchaeia"

Order "Altarchaeales"

Phylum "Iainarchaeota"

Class "Iainarchaeia"

Order "Forterreales"

Order "Iainarchaeales"

Phylum "Micrarchaeota"

Phylogeny of Micrarchaeota[8][9][10]
"Norongarragalinales"

"Ca. Norongarragalina"

"Micrarchaeales"
"Micrarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Mancarchaeum"

"Ca. Micrarchaeum"

"Anstonellales"
"Anstonellaceae"

"Ca. Anstonella"

"Bilamarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Bilamarchaeum"

"Fermentimicrarchaeales"

"Ca. Fermentimicrarchaeum"

"Burarchaeales"

"Ca. Burarchaeum"

"Gugararchaeales"

"Ca. Gugararchaeum"

Class "Micrarchaeia"

Order "Norongarragalinales"

Order "Micrarchaeales"

Order "Anstonellales"

Order "Fermentimicrarchaeales"

Order "Burarchaeales"

Order "Gugararchaeales"

Phylum "Huberarchaeaota"

Class "Huberarchaeia"

Order "Huberarchaeales"

Phylum "Aenigmatarchaeota"

Class "Aenigmatarchaeia"

Order "Aenigmatarchaeales"

Phylum "Nanohalarchaeota"

Phylogeny of Nanohalobiaceae[8][9][10]

"Candidatus Nanosalinicola"

"Candidatus Nanosalina"

"Candidatus Nanohalobium"

Class "Nanohalarchaeia"

Order "Nanohalarchaeales"

Class "Nanohalobiia"

Order "Nanohalobiales"

Phylum "Nanoarchaeota"

Phylogeny of "Nanoarchaeota"[8][9][10]
"Nanoarchaeia"
"Nanoarchaeales"
"Nanoarchaeaceae"

"Nanoarchaeum"

"Nanopusillaceae"

"Ca. Nanoclepta"

"Ca. Nanopusillus"

"Pacearchaeales"

"Woesearchaeales"

"Tiddalikarchaeales"

"Ca. Tiddalikarchaeum"

"Parvarchaeales"

"Ca. Parvarchaeum"

Class "Nanoarchaeia"

Nanoarchaeia incertae sedis

Order "Nanoarchaeales"

Order "Tiddalikarchaeales"

Order "Parvarchaeales"

Phylum "Asgardaeota"

Phylogeny of Asgardaeota[8][9][10]
"Sifarchaeia"

"Borrarchaeales"

"Sifarchaeales"

"Wukongarchaeia"

"Wukongarchaeales"

"Heimdallarchaeia"

"Hodarchaeales"

"Gerdarchaeales"

"Kariarchaeales"

"Heimdallarchaeales"

"Jordarchaeia"

"Jordarchaeales"

"Baldrarchaeia"

"Baldrarchaeales"

"Thorarchaeia"

"Thorarchaeales"

"Odinarchaeia"

"Odinarchaeales"

"Hermodarchaeia"

"Hermodarchaeales"

"Lokiarchaeia"

"Helarchaeales"

"Lokiarchaeales"

Asgardaeota incertae sedis

Class "Sifarchaeia"

Order "Borrarchaeales"

Order "Sifarchaeales"

Class "Wukongarchaeia"

Order "Wukongarchaeales"

Class "Heimdallarchaeia"

Order "Hodarchaeales"

Order "Gerdarchaeales"

Order "Kariarchaeales"

Order "Heimdallarchaeales"

Class "Jordarchaeia"

Order "Jordarchaeales"

Class "Baldrarchaeia"

Order "Baldrarchaeales"

Class "Thorarchaeia"

Order "Thorarchaeales"

Class "Odinarchaeia"

Order "Odinarchaeales"

Class "Hermodarchaeia"

Order "Hermodarchaeales"

Class "Lokiarchaeia"

Order "Helarchaeales"

Order "Sigynarchaeales"

Order "Lokiarchaeales"

In GTDB as order CR-4

Phylum "Thermoproteota"

Phylogeny of Thermoproteota[8][9][10]
"Korarchaeia"

"Korarchaeales"

"BAT"

"Bathyarchaeia"

Nitrososphaeria_A

"Caldarchaeales"

Nitrososphaeria

"Geothermarchaeales"

Conexivisphaerales

Nitrososphaerales

"Sulfobacteria"
"Methanomethylicia"

"Nezhaarchaeales"

"Methanomethylicales"

"Thermoproteia"

"Gearchaeales"

"Thermofilales"

Thermoproteales

"Sulfolobia"

"Marsarchaeales"

Sulfolobales

Thermoproteota Incertae sedis

Class "Korarchaeia"

Order "Korarchaeales"

Class "Bathyarchaeia"

Order "Bathyarchaeales"

Order "Hecatellales"

MCG6

Class Nitrososphaeria_A

Order "Caldarchaeales"

Phylogeny of Nitrososphaeria_A[8][9][10]
"Caldarchaeales"
"Caldarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Calditenuis"

"Wolframiiraptoraceae"

"Ca. Terraquivivens"

"Ca. Geocrenenecus"

"Ca. Benthortus"

"Ca. Wolframiiraptor"

Class Nitrososphaeria

Nitrososphaeria Incertae sedis

Order "Geothermarchaeales"

Order "Conexivisphaerales"

Order Nitrososphaerales

Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerales[8][9][10]
"Nitrosocaldaceae"

"Ca. Nitrosothermus"

"Ca. Nitrosocaldus"

Nitrososphaeraceae

"Ca. Nitrosocosmicus"

"Ca. Nitrosopolaris"

Nitrososphaera

Nitrosopumilaceae

"Ca. Nitrosotalea"

"Ca. Nitrosotenuis"

"Ca. Nitrosopelagicus"

"Cenarchaeum"

Nitrosarchaeum

Nitrosopumilus

Class "Culexarchaeia"

Order "Culexarchaeles"

Class "Methanomethylicia"

Methanomethylicia incertae sedis

Order "Nezhaarchaeales"

Order "Methanomethylicales"

Class Thermoproteia

Order "Gearchaeales"

Order Thermofilales

Order Thermoproteales

Phylogeny of Thermoproteales[8][9][10]
Thermoproteaceae

Thermoproteus

Pyrobaculum

"Thermocladiaceae"

Caldivirga

Thermocladium

Vulcanisaeta

Class "Sulfolobia"

Order "Marsarchaeales"

Order Sulfolobales

Phylogeny of Sulfolobales[8][9][10]
Desulfurococcaceae

Staphylothermus

Thermogladius

?Sulfophobococcus

Thermosphaera

Desulfurococcus

Fervidicoccaceae

Fervidicoccus

Pyrodictiaceae

Pyrolobus

Hyperthermus

Pyrodictium

"Ignicoccaceae"

Ignicoccus

Acidilobaceae

?Stetteria

?Thermodiscus

Aeropyrum

Caldisphaera

Acidilobus

"Ignisphaeraceae"

Ignisphaera

"Zestosphaeraceae"

Zestosphaera

Sulfolobaceae

Sulfodiicoccus

Sulfurisphaera

Stygiolobus

Sulfolobus

Sulfuracidifex

Saccharolobus

Metallosphaera

Acidianus brierleyi

"Ca. Aramenus"

Acidianus

Phylum "Hadarchaeota"

Class "Persephonarchaeia"

Class "Hadarchaeia"

Order "Hadarchaeales"

Phylum Methanobacteriota_B

Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota_B[8][9][10]
Thermococci
"Methanofastidiales"

"Ca. Methanofastidiosum"

"Methanofastidiosaceae"
Thermococcales

Palaeococcus

Thermococcus species-group 3

Thermococcus species-group 2

Pyrococcus

Thermococcus

Thermococcaceae

Class "Theionarchaeia"

Class Thermococci

Order "Methanofastidiosales"

Order Thermococcales

Phylum "Hydrothermarchaeota"

Class "Hydrothermarchaeia"

Order "Hydrothermarchaeales"

Phylum "Methanobacteriota"

Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota[8][9][10]
Methanopyri
Methanopyraceae

Methanopyrus

Methanopyrales
Methanococci
Methanocaldococcaceae

Methanocaldococcus

Methanococcaceae

Methanotorris

Methanofervidicoccus

Methanococcus aeolicus

Methanothermococcus okinawensis

Methanothermococcus

Methanococcus

Methanococcales
Methanobacteria
Methanothermaceae

Methanothermus

Methanothermobacteraceae_A

Methanothermobacter species-group 2

"Methanothermobacteraceae"

Methanothermobacter

Methanobacteriaceae

Methanobacterium alcaliphilum

Methanobrevibacter

Methanobacterium species-group 2

Methanosphaera

Methanobacterium

Methanobacteriales

Class Methanopyri

Order Methanopyrales

Class Methanococci

Order Methanococcales

Class Methanobacteria

Order Methanobacteriales

Phylum "Thermoplasmatota"

Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatota[8][9][10]
"Izemarchaea"

"Thermoprofundales"

"Poseidoniia"

MGIII

"Poseidoniales"

Thermoplasmata

"Natronoplasmatales"

"Proteinoplasmatales" (SG8-5)

"Gimiplasmatales"

"Sysuiplasmatales"

Methanomassiliicoccales

"Aciduliprofundales"

"Thermoplasmatales"

Thermoplasmatota incertae sedis

Order "Yaplasmatales"

Class "Izemarchaea"

Order "Thermoprofundales"

Class "Poseidoniia"

Order MGIII

Order "Poseidoniales"

Class Thermoplasmata

Order "Lunaplasmatales"

Order "Natronoplasmatales"

Phylogeny of Natronoplasmatales[8][9][10]

"Candidatus Haladaptiplasma"

"Candidatus Natronoplasma"

"Candidatus Saliniplasma"

Order "Proteinoplasmatales"

Order "Gimiplasmatales"

Order "Sysuiplasmatales"

Order Methanomassiliicoccales

Phylogeny of Methanomassiliicoccales[8][9][10]
Methanomassiliicoccaceae

Methanomassiliicoccus

Methanomethylophilaceae"

"Candidatus Methanarcanum"

"Candidatus Methanomethylophilus"

"Candidatus Methanogranum"

"Candidatus Methanoplasma"

Order "Aciduliprofundales"

Order Thermoplasmatales

Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatales[8][9][10]

Thermoplasma

Cuniculiplasma

Thermogymnomonas

Picrophilus

Acidiplasma

Ferroplasma

Phylum "Halobacteriota"

Phylogeny of Halobacteriota[8][9][10]
Archaeoglobi

Archaeoglobales

"Methanoliparia"

"Methanoliparales"

"Syntropharchaeia"

"Syntropharchaeales"

"Methanocellia"

Methanocellales

"Methanosarcinia"

"Methanotrichales"

Methanosarcinales

"Methanosarcinia_A"

Methanosarcinales_A

"Methanomicrobia"

Methanomicrobiales

Methanonatronarchaeia

Methanonatronarchaeales

Halobacteria

Halobacteriales

Halobacteriota incertae sedis

Order "Methanoflorentales"

Class Archaeoglobi

Phylogeny of Archaeoglobales[8][9][10]

Archaeoglobus

Ferroglobus

Geoglobus

Order "Mnemosynellales"

Order Archaeoglobales

Class "Methanoliparia"

Order "Methanoliparales"

Class "Syntropharchaeia"

Order "Methanophagales"

Order "Syntropharchaeales"

Class "Methanocellia"

Order Methanocellales

Class "Methanosarcinia"

Order Methanotrichales

Order Methanosarcinales

Phylogeny of Methanosarcinales[8][9][10]
"Methanocomedenaceae"

"Ca. Methanocomedens"

"Ca. Methanomarinus"

"Ethanoperedentaceae"

"Ca. Ethaniperedens"

"Methanoperedentaceae"

"Ca. Methanoperedens"

"Methanogastraceae"

"Ca. Methanogaster"

Methanosarcinaceae

Methanimicrococcus

Methanosarcina

Methanohalobium

Methanosalsum

Methanococcoides

Methanohalophilus

Methanomethylovorans

Methanolobus

Class Methanosarcinia A

Order Methanosarcinales_A

Class Methanomicrobia

Order "Alkanophagales"

Order Methanomicrobiales

Phylogeny of Methanomicrobiales[8][9][10]
Methanocorpusculaceae

Methanocorpusculum

Methanocalculus

"Methanofollaceae"

Methanofollis

"Methanosphaerulaceae"

Methanosphaerula

Methanospirillaceae

Methanospirillum

Methanoregulaceae

Methanolinea

Methanoregula

"Methanoculleaceae"

Methanoculleus

Methanomicrobiaceae

Methanogenium

Methanoplanus

Methanomicrobium

Methanolacinia

Class "Hikarchaeia"

Order "Hikarchaeales"

Class "Methanonatronarchaeia"

Order "Methanonatronarchaeales"

Class Halobacteria

Phylogeny of Halobacteria[8][9][10]
Halobacteriales
Haladaptataceae

Halorussus

?Halomicrococcus

Haladaptatus

Halobacteriaceae

Halanaeroarchaeum

Halodesulfurarchaeum

Salarchaeum

Halocalculus

Halarchaeum

Halobacterium

"Salinarchaeaceae"

Salinarchaeum

"Halostellaceae"

Halostella

"Natronoarchaeaceae"

Natronoarchaeum

Natrialbaceae cont'd

Halococcaceae

Halococcus

Haloarculaceae

Halocatena

Halomarina

Halosegnis

Haloglomus

Natronomonas

Halorientalis

Halapricum

Halococcoides

Halorhabdus

Salinirussus

Salinibaculum

Halovenus

Halosimplex

Halomicrobium

Halomicroarcula

Haloarcula

Halalkalicoccaceae

Halalkalicoccus

Haloferacaceae cont'd

Order "Halorutilales"

Order Halobacteriales

Phylogeny of Natrialbaceae[8][9][10]

Halorubellus

Haloarchaeobius

Halovivax

Halovarius

Natribaculum

Natronobiforma

Saliphagus

Halostagnicola

Natronococcus

Natrarchaeobius

Salinadaptatus

Natrarchaeobaculum

Halopiger

Halopiger djelfimassiliensis

Natronobacterium

Halobiforma

Natronolimnobius

Natrialba

Natronolimnohabitans

Haloterrigena

Natronorubrum

Natrinema

Phylogeny of Haloferacaceae[8][9][10]

Haloplanus

Salinirubrum

Haloprofundus

"Halegenticoccus"

Halogranum

Salinigranum

Haloferax

Halopelagius

Halogeometricum

Haloquadratum

Halobellus

Halobaculum

Halolamina

Halalkalirubrum

"Natronocalculus"

Halohasta

Halonotius

Halalkaliarchaeum

Halopenitus

Haloparvum

Halorubrum

See also

References

  1. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Archaea". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  2. ^ Sayers; et al. "Archaea". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  3. ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv 10.1101/256800. doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. PMID 30148503. S2CID 52093100.
  4. ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv 10.1101/771964. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID 32341564. S2CID 216560589.
  5. ^ Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database". Bioinformatics. 36 (6): 1925–1927. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848. PMC 7703759. PMID 31730192.
  6. ^ Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (1): 105–114. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3. PMC 7801254. PMID 32690973.
  7. ^ Nayfach, Stephen; et al. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (4): 499–509. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6. PMC 8041624. PMID 33169036.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  12. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  13. ^ "LTP_12_2021 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  14. ^ a b c Ruize Xie, Yinzhao Wang, Danyue Huang, Jialin Hou, Liuyang Li, Haining Hu, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Fengping Wang: Expanding Asgard members in the domain of Archaea sheds new light on the origin of eukaryotes. In: Science China Life Sciences, vol. 65, p. 818–829, April 2022. doi:10.1007/s11427-021-1969-6, PMID 34378142. Epub: Aug. 6, 2021. Along with:Njordarchaeota, a new candidate for a sister group to eukaryotes. EurekAlert!, Oct. 20, 2021.
  15. ^ LPSN: Order "Candidatus Freyrarchaeales"
  16. ^ LPSN: Order "Candidatus Njordarchaeales"
  17. ^ a b c Fabai Wu, Daan R. Speth, Alon Philosof, Antoine Crémière, Aditi Narayanan, Roman A. Barco, Stephanie A. Connon, Jan P. Amend, Igor A. Antoshechkin, Victoria J. Orphan: Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote–eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes. In: Nature Microbiology volume 7, p. 200–212, Jan 13, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01039-y, PMID 35027677, PMC 8813620. See also Extended Data Fig. 2.
  18. ^ LPSN: Family "Candidatus Sigynarchaeaceae"