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This is a list of people associated with the Bloomsbury Group. Much about the group is controversial, including its membership: it has been said that "the three words 'the Bloomsbury group' have been so much used as to have become almost unusable".[1]

Group of friends and relatives that became a movement

The Bloomsbury group started as a loose collective of friends and relatives living near Bloomsbury in London. Some of them knew each other from their time as students in Cambridge. Around World War I most of its key members had left the Bloomsbury area, where some of them later returned.

The members of the Bloomsbury Group denied being a group in any formal sense, they however shared common values, among which was a strong belief in the arts.[2]

Core members

The group had ten core members:[3]

Included according to Leonard Woolf

In the 1960s, Leonard Woolf additionally listed the following Bloomsbury Group members:[4]

Mentioned in various sources as included in the Bloomsbury Group

Various sources include the following:

Generally not seen as members of the Bloomsbury Group

Died before the group really existed

Omega Workshops

Roger Fry and other Bloomsbury Group artists such as Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant were involved in the Omega Workshops, a business which traded from 1913 to 1919. Other designers and manufacturers at the Workshops were not necessarily members of the Bloomsbury Group.

Ottoline Morrell circle

The Bloomsbury Group only partially identified with Lady Ottoline Morrell, but attended her parties at Garsington Manor. Others present:

Hogarth Press

Hogarth Press was the publishing house owned by Leonard and Virginia Woolf after they had left the Bloomsbury area in 1917. Staff members and authors published by that company were not necessarily part of the Bloomsbury Group. The following are generally not seen as part of the Bloomsbury Group:

LGBT extended groups

Duncan Grant and Maynard Keynes
Duncan Grant and Maynard Keynes

Main article: Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history

The Bloomsbury Group plays a prominent role in the LGBT history of its day. While still in the Bloomsbury area, LGBT activity was all very much in a single group (e.g. Duncan Grant, a homosexual with bisexual leanings,[8] having affairs with Maynard Keynes, James Strachey, Adrian Stephen, David Garnett and straight Vanessa Bell). Names of LGBT people outside the Bloomsbury Group strictly speaking include:

Later the groups differentiated. Keynes married Lopokova, and no longer belonged to any of the LGBT groups. Other groups more or less split according to the location of the members:

Dora Carrington, Ralph Partridge and Lytton Strachey
Dora Carrington, Ralph Partridge and Lytton Stratchey at Ham Spray House

After Virginia Woolf had moved to Monk's House, East Sussex, she met Vita Sackville-West, writing her roman à clef Orlando: A Biography about her. Woolf also met the LGBT people around her, including:[9]

Others

Others not generally considered part of the Bloomsbury Group properly speaking (some of them only befriended individual group members, not or only partially sharing their views or not in the same creative mindset):

Later offspring

Too young to be part of the original Bloomsbury group:

Critics of Bloomsbury

References

  1. ^ Lee, p. 262
  2. ^ Ousby, p. 95
  3. ^ Avery, p. 33.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Lee, p. 263
  5. ^ Clarke, p. 56
  6. ^ "Snapshot at Garsington Manor, Oxfordshire by Lady Ottoline Morrell, June 1923". National Portrait Gallery, London. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  7. ^ Lee, p. 447
  8. ^ Angelica Garnett, Deceived with Kindness (1984) p. 33 (in 1995 edition)
  9. ^ Souhami, pp. 123-124
  10. ^ Spalding 1991
  11. ^ Francis Spalding, Duncan Grant: A Biography. (1997) p. 169-170: (around 1915 Lawrence warned David Garnett against homosexual tendencies like those of Francis Birrell, Duncan Grant and Keynes:) "Lawrence's views, as Quentin Bell was the first to suggest and S. P. Rosenbaum has argued conclusively, were stirred by a dread of his own homosexual susceptibilities, which are revealed in his writings, notably the cancelled prologue to Women in Love".

Bibliography

Category