The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants (anthophytes), belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.[1] One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority).[2]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[3]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[4] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[5]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[6]

Six families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Brassicaceae

Family: Brassicaceae,[6]

Alyssum

Genus Alyssum:[6]

Aplanodes

Genus Aplanodes:[6]

Arabidopsis

Genus Arabidopsis:[6]

Barbarea

Genus Barbarea:[6]

Brachycarpaea

Genus Brachycarpaea:[6]

Brassica

Genus Brassica:[6]

Camelina

Genus Camelina:[6]

Capsella

Genus Capsella:[6]

Cardamine

Genus Cardamine:[6]

Cardaria

Genus Cardaria:[6]

Chamira

Genus Chamira:[6]

Cheiranthus

Genus Cheiranthus:[6]

Coronopus

Genus Coronopus:[6]

Crambe

Genus Crambe:[6]

Cycloptychis

Genus Cycloptychis:[6]

Descurainia

Genus Descurainia:[6]

Diplotaxis

Genus Diplotaxis:[6]

Eruca

Genus Eruca:[6]

Erucastrum

Genus Erucastrum:[6]

Heliophila

Genus Heliophila:[6]

Hirschfeldia

Genus Hirschfeldia:[6]

Hymenolobus

Genus Hymenolobus:[6]

Lepidium

Genus Lepidium:[6]

Lobularia

Genus Lobularia:[6]

Matthiola

Genus Matthiola:[6]

Nasturtium

Genus Nasturtium:[6]

Raphanus

Genus Raphanus:[6]

Rapistrum

Genus Rapistrum:[6]

Rorippa

Genus Rorippa:[6]

Schlechteria

Genus Schlechteria:[6]

Silicularia

Genus Silicularia:[6]

Sinapis

Genus Sinapis:[6]

Sisymbrium

Genus Sisymbrium:[6]

Thlaspeocarpa

Genus Thlaspeocarpa:[6]

Thlaspi

Genus Thlaspi:[6]

Turritis

Genus Turritis:[6]

Capparaceae

Family: Capparaceae,[6]

Bachmannia

Genus Bachmannia:[6]

Boscia

Genus Boscia:[6]

Cadaba

Genus Cadaba:[6]

Capparis

Genus Capparis:[6]

Cladostemon

Genus Cladostemon:[6]

Courbonia

Genus Courbonia:[6]

Maerua

Genus Maerua:[6]

Thilachium

Genus Thilachium:[6]

Cleomaceae

Family: Cleomaceae,[6]

Cleome

Genus Cleome:[6]

Tarenaya

Genus Tarenaya:[6]

Resedaceae

Family: Resedaceae,[6]

Oligomeris

Genus Oligomeris:[6]

Reseda

Genus Reseda:[6]

Salvadoraceae

Family: Salvadoraceae,[6]

Azima

Genus Azima:[6]

Salvadora

Genus Salvadora:[6]

Tropaeolaceae

Family: Tropaeolaceae,[6]

Tropaeolum

Genus Tropaeolum:[6]

References

  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
  2. ^ Hall, Jocelyn C.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Iltis, Hugh H. (2002). "Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 89 (11): 1826–1842. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.11.1826. PMID 21665611.
  3. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082. S2CID 44844947.
  4. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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