This is a list of Byzantine scientists and other scholars.

Before the 9th century

Most important scholars known before the Macedonian Renaissance were active under the Justinian dynasty.

• Theon of Alexandria (335–405), mathematician
• Hypatia (370–415), mathematician, astronomer, philosopher
• Anthemius of Tralles (c. 474–before 558), mathematician and architect of Hagia Sophia^[1]
• Eutocius of Ascalon (c. 480–c. 540), mathematician
• John Philoponus (490–570), mathematician, physicist, theologian
• Isidore of Miletus (6th century), mathematicist, physicist and architect of Hagia Sophia
• Cassianus Bassus (6th–7th century), author of Geoponika^[2]
• Leontios (died 706), emperor, astronomer, mathematician and engineer
• George of Pisidia (6th–7th century), scholar, zoologist and astronomer
• Timotheos of Gaza (6th–7th century), zoologist
• Stephen of Byzantium (6th–7th century), geographer
• Callinicus of Heliopolis (7th century), architect; invented the Greek fire
• Stephen of Alexandria (7th century), mathematician and astronomer

The Macedonian Renaissance

The Macedonian Renaissance occurred in the period of the Macedonian dynasty from 867 to 1056.

• Leo the Mathematician^[3] (c. 790–after 869)
• Georgios Monachos (9th century)
• Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Greek philosophy
• Saint Cyril the Philosopher (826 or 827–869)
• Constantine VII (reigned 913–959)
• Michael Psellus (1018–1078)
• Michael Attaliates (11th century)
• Symeon Seth (11th century)
• Leo VI (reigned 886–912)
• Arethas of Caesarea (c. 860-aft. 932), Archbishop, theologian and Greek commentator

The Komnenian period and after

The Komnenian period ranged from 1081 to about 1185.

• Anna Comnena (1083–1153)
• Theodore Prodromos (c. 1100–c. 1165/70), author of prose and poetry
• Eustathius of Thessalonica (c. 1115–1195/6)
• Michael of Ephesus (early or mid-12th century), philosopher, physics^{[citation needed]}
• Michael Glykas (12th century), mathematician^{[citation needed]} and astronomer^{[citation needed]}
• Joannes Zonaras (12th century), historian
• John Kinnamos (12th century), historian
• Niketas Choniates (c. 1155–1215 or 1216), historian
• Nikephoros Blemmydes (1197–1272)

The Palaiologian Renaissance

The Palaiologian Renaissance was mostly contemporary with the Renaissance of the 12th century. The Palaiologos dynasty ruled from c. 1260 to 1453. A number of Greek scholars contributed to the establishment of this renaissance also in Western Europe.

• Demetrios Pepagomenos (1200–1300), zoologist, botanologist and pharmacist
• George Akropolites (1220–1282), astronomer
• Gregory Chioniades (died 1302), mathematician and astronomer
• Manuel Holobolos (1230–1305), scholar, teacher
• George Pachymeres (1242–1310)
• Manuel Moschopoulos (13th–beginning of the 14th century) grammarian
• Constantinos Lykites (13th–14th century), astronomer
• John Pediasimos (13th–14th century), mathematician
• Nikephoros Choumnos (c. 1250/55–1327), scholar, meteorologist and physicist
• Maximus Planudes (1260–c. 1305), grammarian and theologian,
• Theodore Metochites (1270–1332), physician and mathematician
• Barlaam of Seminara (c. 1290–1348), mathematician and astronomer
• Nicephorus Gregoras (1295–1359/60), mathematician and astronomer
• Demetrius Triclinius (before c. 1300), grammarian with knowledge of astronomy,
• Thomas Magister (14th century), grammarian
• Theodore of Melitene (1320–1393), astronomer
• Isaac Argyros (1310–1372), mathematician and astronomer
• John VI Kantakouzenos (reigned 1347–1355), historian
• Manuel Chrysoloras (c. 1355–1415), translator, philosopher
• Joannes Chortasmenos (1370–1437), scholar, mathematician and astronomer