The population of birds
Lists

Anseriformes (waterfowl)
Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)
Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)
Charadriiformes (gulls and relatives)
Ciconiiformes (storks and relatives)
Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)
Falconiformes (falcons and relatives)
Galliformes (gamebirds)
Gaviiformes (loons or divers)
Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)
Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Sphenisciformes (penguins)
Strigiformes (owls)
Struthioniformes (ratites)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)
Key

Conservation status

  Extinct in the wild (EW)
  Critically endangered (CR)
  Endangered (EN)
  Vulnerable (VU)
  Near threatened (NT)
  Least concern (LC)
  Data deficient (DD)
Related
Lists of organisms by population
Lists of mammals by population
List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species
List of extinct birds
Lists of birds by region

This is a list of Columbiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Columbiformes have had their numbers quantified.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Negros fruit-dove Ptilinopus arcanus 1-49[1] CR[1] Decrease[1] Possibly extinct. Last specimen collected in 1953.[1]
Silvery pigeon Columba argentina 50[2] CR[2] Decrease[2] Preliminary maximum estimate; may be revised upwards.[2]
Sulu bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei 50[3] CR[3] Decrease[3] Maximum estimate; may be extinct. Last specimen was collected in 1891.[3]
Tooth-billed pigeon Didunculus strigirostris 70-380[4] CR[4] Decrease[4] Equal to 50-249 mature individuals.[4]
Mindoro bleeding-heart Gallicolumba platenae 70-400[5] CR[5] Decrease[5] Equal to 50-249 mature individuals.[5]
Negros bleeding-heart Gallicolumba keayi 70-400[6] CR[6] Decrease[6] Equal to 50-249 mature individuals.[6]
Purple-winged ground-dove Claravis geoffroyi 70 – 400[7] CR[7] Decrease[7]
Socorro dove Zenaida graysoni 100[8] EW[8] N/A Not recorded in the wild since 1972. Re-introductions are planned.[8]
Polynesian ground-dove Gallicolumba erythroptera 100 – 200[9] CR[9] Decrease[9]
Blue-eyed ground-dove Columbina cyanopis 110-260[10] CR[10] Decrease[10] Equal to 70-180 mature individuals.[10]
Grenada dove Leptotila wellsi 130[11] CR[11] Steady[11]
Rapa fruit-dove Ptilinopus huttoni 145-273[12] CR[12] Decrease[12] Roughly equal to 50-249 mature individuals.[12]
Marquesan imperial pigeon Ducula galeata 300[13] EN[13] Increase[13] Minimum estimate. Equal to 250 mature individuals.[13]
Tawitawi brown dove Phapitreron cinereiceps 350 – 1500[14] EN[14] Decrease[14]
Tuxtla quail-dove Geotrygon carrikeri 350 – 1500[15] EN[15] Decrease[15]
White-fronted ground-dove Gallicolumba kubaryi 350 – 1500[16] VU[16] Decrease[16]
Pink pigeon Nesoenas mayeri 360 – 395[17] EN[17] Decrease[17]
Makatea fruit-dove Ptilinopus chalcurus 444-2,200[18] VU[18] Steady[18] Equal to 300-1,500 mature individuals.[18]
Spotted imperial pigeon Ducula carola 500-1,500[19] VU[19] Decrease[19] Estimate for mature individuals requires confirmation from future surveys.[19]
Lilac-crowned fruit-dove Ptilinopus rarotongensis 560-3,400[20] NT[20] Steady[20] Equal to 250-4,999 mature individuals.[20]
Blue-headed quail-dove Starnoenas cyanocephala 1,000 – 2499[21] EN[21] Decrease[21] Population may be underestimated.[21]
Comoro green-pigeon Treron griveaudi 1,000-2,499[22] EN[22] Decrease[22] Estimate for mature individuals only.[22]
Mindoro imperial pigeon Ducula mindorensis 1,000-2,499[23] EN[23] Decrease[23] Equal to 600-1,700 mature individuals.[23]
Palau ground-dove Gallicolumba canifrons 1,000 – 2499[24] NT[24] Steady[24]
Santa Cruz ground-dove Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis 1,000 – 2499[25] EN[25] Decrease[25]
Tolima dove Leptotila conoveri 1,000 – 2499[26] EN[26] Decrease[26]
Raiatea fruit dove Ptilinopus chrysogaster 1,000-2,499[27] EN[27] Decrease[27] Estimate for mature individuals.[27]
Timor green pigeon Treron psittaceus 1,000-3,000[28] EN[28] Decrease[28] Preliminary estimate. Equal to 660-2,000 mature individuals.[28]
Chestnut-bellied imperial pigeon Ducula brenchleyi 1,100-19,999[29] NT[29] Decrease[29] Estimate for mature individuals.[29]
Polynesian imperial pigeon Ducula aurorae 1,206[30] EN[30] Increase[30] Equal to 570-1,200 mature individuals.[30]
Marquesan ground-dove Gallicolumba rubescens 1,500[31] VU[31] Steady[31]
Mindanao bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera 1,500-4,000[32] VU[32] Decrease[32] Equal to 1,000-2,499 mature individuals.[32]
Plain pigeon Patagioenas inornata 1,500 – 6100[33] NT[33] Decrease[33]
Andaman woodpigeon Columba palumboides 2,500-9,999[34] NT[34] Decrease[34] Estimate for mature individuals only.[34]
Black cuckoo-dove Turacoena modesta 2,500 – 9999[35] NT[35] Decrease[35]
Comoros olive pigeon Columba pollenii 2,500-9,999[36] NT[36] Decrease[36] Equal to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.[36]
Grey imperial pigeon Ducula pickeringii 2,500-9,999[37] VU[37] Decrease[37] Equal to 1,500-7,000 mature individuals.[37]
Grey-fronted quail-dove Geotrygon caniceps 2,500 – 9999[38] VU[38] Decrease[38]
Victoria crowned pigeon Goura victoria 2,500 – 9999[39] VU[39] Decrease[39]
Grey-green fruit dove Ptilinopus purpuratus 2,500-9,999[40] LC[40] Decrease[40] Estimate for mature individuals.[40]
Yellow-legged pigeon Columba pallidiceps 2,500-9,999[41] VU[41] Decrease[41] Estimate for mature individuals only.[41]
Vanuatu imperial pigeon Ducula bakeri 2,500-23,000[42] LC[42] Unknown[42] Estimate for mature individuals.[42]
Henderson island fruit dove Ptilinopus insularis 3,000-4,000[43] VU[43] Steady[43] Estimate for mature individuals.[43]
Laurel pigeon Columba junoniae 3,000-7,500[44] NT[44] Increase[44] Equal to 2,000-5,000 mature individuals.[44]
Silver-capped fruit dove Ptilinopus richardsii 3,300-11,500[45] LC[45] Steady[45] Precautionary estimate for mature individuals.[45]
Carunculated fruit-dove Ptilinopus granulifrons 3,500-15,000[46] VU[46] Decrease[46] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[46]
Flame-breasted fruit-dove Ptilinopus marchei 3,500 – 15,000[47] VU[47] Decrease[47]
Flores green pigeon Treron floris 3,500-15,000[48] VU[48] Decrease[48] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[48]
Maranon pigeon Patagioenas oenops 3,500 – 15,000[49] VU[49] Decrease[49]
Sri Lanka wood pigeon Columba torringtoniae 3,500-15,000[50] VU[50] Decrease[50] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[50]
Mindanao brown dove Phapitreron brunneiceps 3,500 – 15,000[51] VU[51] Decrease[51]
New Britain bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri 3,500 – 15,000[52] VU[52] Decrease[52]
Nilgiri wood pigeon Columba elphinstonii 3,500-15,000[53] VU[53] Decrease[53] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[53]
Pemba green pigeon Treron pembaensis 3,500-15,000[54] VU[54] Decrease[54] Preliminary estimate. Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[54]
Ring-tailed pigeon Patagioenas caribaea 3,500 – 15,000[55] VU[55] Decrease[55]
Pale-capped pigeon Columba punicea 3,500 – 15,000[56] VU[56] Decrease[56] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[56]
Tongan ground-dove Gallicolumba stairi 3,500 – 15,000[57] VU[57] Decrease[57]
Western crowned pigeon Goura cristata 3,500 – 15,000[58] VU[58] Decrease[58]
Wetar ground-dove Gallicolumba hoedtii 3,500 – 15,000[59] EN[59] Decrease[59]
Enggano imperial pigeon Ducula oenothorax 3,500-15,000[60] NT[60] Steady[60] Equal to 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.[60]
Micronesian imperial-pigeon Ducula oceanica 3,800-18,200[61] VU[61] Decrease[61] Equal to 2,500-12,200 mature individuals.[61]
São Tomé olive pigeon Columba thomensis 3,893-5,497[62] EN[62] Decrease[62] Equal to 2,600-3,700 mature individuals.[62]
Bolle's pigeon Columba bollii 5,000-20,000[63] LC[63] Increase[63] Equal to 3,300-13,000 mature individuals.[63]
Mariana fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla 7,500-12,500[64] NT[64] Decrease[64] Estimate for mature individuals.[64]
Trocaz pigeon Columba trocaz 8,500 – 10,000[65] LC[65] Increase[65]
Red-naped fruit-dove Ptilinopus dohertyi 9,100[66] VU[66] Decrease[66] Equal to 6,000 mature individuals.[66]
Whistling fruit-dove Chrysoena viridis 10,000[67] NT[67] Decrease[67] Minimum estimate. Equal to 6,700 mature individuals.[67]
Madeira laurel-pigeon Columba trocaz 10,000-14,000[68] LC[68] Steady[68] Estimate for mature individuals.[68]
Sumba green pigeon Treron teysmannii 10,000-15,000[69] NT[69] Decrease[69] Estimate for mature individuals.[69]
Buru green-pigeon Treron aromaticus 10,000-19,999[70] NT[70] Decrease[70] Precautionary estimate for mature individuals.[70]
Azuero dove Leptotila battyi 10,000 – 19,999[71] VU[71] Decrease[71] Preliminary estimate.[71]
Southern crowned pigeon Goura scheepmakeri 10,000 – 19,999[72] VU[72] Decrease[72]
Timor imperial pigeon Ducula cineracea 10,000-19,999[73] NT[73] Decrease[73] Equal to 6,000-15,000 mature individuals.[73]
Finsch's imperial pigeon Ducula finschii 15,000-30,000[74] NT[74] Decrease[74] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.[74]
Large green pigeon Treron capellei 10,000-19,999[75] VU[75] Decrease[75] Preliminary estimate for mature individuals.[75]
Pied cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni 15,000 – 30,000[76] NT[76] Decrease[76]
Yellow-eyed pigeon Columba eversmanni 15,000-30,000[77] VU[77] Decrease[77] Equal to 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.[77]
Caribbean dove Leptotila jamaicensis 20,000 – 49,999[78] LC[78] Steady[78]
Maroon-chested ground-dove Claravis mondetoura 20,000 – 49,999[79] LC[79] Steady[79]
Ochre-bellied dove Leptotila ochraceiventris 20,000 – 49,999[80] VU[80] Decrease[80]
Christmas imperial pigeon Ducula whartoni 35,000-66,000[81] LC[81] Steady[81] Estimate for mature individuals.[81]
São Tomé green pigeon Treron sanctithomae 37,007-109,255[82] EN[82] Decrease[82] Equal to 24,670-72,840 mature individuals.[82]
Grey-chested dove Leptotila cassinii 50,000 – 499,999[83] LC[83] Steady[83]
Long-tailed mountain pigeon Gymnophaps mada 50,000 – 99,000[84] LC[84] Steady[84]
Short-billed pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris 50,000 – 499,999[85] LC[85] Steady[85]
White-faced quail-dove Geotrygon albifacies 50,000 – 499,999[86] LC[86] Decrease[86]
Yellowish imperial pigeon Ducula subflavescens 57,000-373,000[87] NT[87] Decrease[87] Equal to 38,000-249,000 mature individuals.[87]
Goliath imperial pigeon Ducula goliath 100,000[88] NT[88] Unknown[88]
Partridge pigeon Geophaps smithii 116,500[89] LC[89] Decrease[89] Numbers are for mature individuals only. Divided into two subspecies: G. smithii smithi (108,000) & G. smithii blaauwi (8,500).[89]
Cloven-feathered dove Drepanoptila holosericea 140,000[90] NT[90] Unknown[90] Minimum estimate.[90]
Red-knobbed imperial pigeon Ducula rubricera 150,000-750,000[91] LC[91] Decrease[91] Tentative estimate equal to mature individuals.[91]
Spectacled imperial pigeon Ducula perspicillata 500,000-999,000[92] LC[92] Steady[92]
Black-bellied sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis 500,000 – 4,000,000[93] LC[93] Decrease[93]
Blue ground-dove Claravis pretiosa 500,000-5,000,000[94] LC[94] Decrease[94]
Scaled pigeon Patagioenas speciosa 500,000 – 4,999,999[95] LC[95] Decrease[95]
Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita 500,000 – 4,999,999[96] LC[96] Increase[96]
Stock dove Columba oenas 1,400,000-2,600,000[97] LC[97] Increase[97] Very preliminary estimate for mature individuals based on European subpopulations.[97]
Stock dove Columba oenas 1,700,000 – 3,000,000[98] LC[98] Steady[98]
Pale-vented pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 5,000,000 – 50,000,000[99] LC[99] Steady[99]
Plain-breasted ground-dove Columbina minuta 5,000,000 – 50,000,000[100] LC[100] Steady[100] Estimate for mature individuals only.[100]
Ruddy ground-dove Columbina talpacoti 5,000,000-50,000,000[101] LC[101] Increase[101] Estimate for mature individuals only.[101]
Ruddy quail-dove Geotrygon montana 5,000,000 – 50,000,000[102] LC[102] Decrease[102]
Common ground-dove Columbina passerina 11,000,000[103] LC[103] Steady[103] Estimate for mature individuals only.[103]
Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 20,000,000 – 50,000,000[104] LC[104] Increase[104]
European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur 20,000,000 – 100,000,000[105] LC[105] Decrease[105]
Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus 30,000,000 – 70,000,000[106] LC[106] Increase[106] Preliminary estimate.[106]
Common woodpigeon Columba palumbus 51,000,000-73,000,000[107] LC[107] Increase[107] Very preliminary estimate for mature individuals.[107]
Rock dove Columba livia 260,000,000[108] LC[108] Decrease[108]
Mourning dove Zenaida macroura 475,000,000[109] LC[110] Increase[111]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ptilinopus arcanus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691568A93316693". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22691568a93316693.en.
  2. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2019). "Columba argentina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22690195A155300126. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22690195A155300126.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d IUCN (2021-06-29). "Gallicolumba menagei: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22691005A203927952". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021-06-29. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22691005a203927952.en.
  4. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Didunculus strigirostris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22691890A156841404". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22691890a156841404.en.
  5. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Gallicolumba platenae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22690985A93298156". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22690985a93298156.en.
  6. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-08-11). "Gallicolumba keayi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22690988A181469833". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-08-11. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22690988a181469833.en.
  7. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  8. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690740A178409463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690740A178409463.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba erythroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  10. ^ a b c d IUCN (2019-02-26). "Columbina cyanopis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22690804A145971767". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019-02-26. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22690804a145971767.en.
  11. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Leptotila wellsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22690874A131031811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22690874A131031811.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Ptilinopus huttoni: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22691470A131333951". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22691470a131333951.en.
  13. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ducula galeata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691674A93320826". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22691674a93320826.en.
  14. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Phapitreron cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22691121A93303023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691121A93303023.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  15. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon carrikeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  16. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba kubaryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  17. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Nesoenas mayeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22690392A131665077. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22690392A131665077.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  18. ^ a b c d "Ptilinopus chalcurus: BirdLife International". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  19. ^ a b c d "Ducula carola: BirdLife International". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
  20. ^ a b c d IUCN (2021-02-10). "Ptilinopus rarotongensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22691465A196449443". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021-02-10. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22691465a196449443.en.
  21. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2020). "Starnoenas cyanocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690970A178419260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690970A178419260.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  22. ^ a b c d IUCN (2020-12-01). "Treron griveaudi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22728176A191512211". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020-12-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22728176a191512211.en.
  23. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ducula mindorensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691622A93318964". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22691622a93318964.en.
  24. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba canifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  25. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  26. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Leptotila conoveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690898A153948092. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690898A153948092.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  27. ^ a b c d IUCN (2018-08-07). "Ptilinopus chrysogaster: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T60760066A131388042". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t60760066a131388042.en.
  28. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2016). "Treron psittaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22691186A93305310. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691186A93305310.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  29. ^ a b c d IUCN (2021-02-06). "Ducula brenchleyi: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22691744A196153100". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021-02-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22691744a196153100.en.
  30. ^ a b c d IUCN (2017-10-01). "Ducula aurorae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22691668A118663538". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22691668a118663538.en.
  31. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba rubescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  32. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2016). "Gallicolumba crinigera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22690991A93298783. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690991A93298783.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  33. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Patagioenas inornata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690312A178305283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690312A178305283.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  34. ^ a b c d IUCN (2017-10-01). "Columba palumboides: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22690201A118217922". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22690201a118217922.en.
  35. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2017). "Turacoena modesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22690609A111166273. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22690609A111166273.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  36. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2017). "Columba pollenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22690152A118619451. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22690152A118619451.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  37. ^ a b c d IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ducula pickeringii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691710A93322157". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22691710a93322157.en.
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