This is a list of English-language words from the Irish language with links provided to pronunciation in all three primarily Irish dialects, spoken by native Irish speakers, provided by Foras na Gaeilge.[1]
B
banshee (from Irish bainsídhe/beansídhe, meaning "woman of fairy" or "of a fairy mound")[2]
Bean (ban) is the Modern Irish word for woman.Síd(h) (modern spelling sí) is Irish for 'mound' (see Sidhe). In traditional Irish mythology, a spirit usually taking the form of a woman who sings a caoineadh (lament) warning of impending death in an old Irish family.
bog (from "boc", meaning "soft" or "marshy"[3] and -aigh to form bogach meaning "soft soil composed primarily of peat"[4])
Used as the Anglicized "bog" as slang for a mire, but also to become stuck or impeded; "bog" has also been borrowed into English with essentially the same meaning as "bogach".[5]
The word bogaigh is pronounced approximately as "boggy", and the bogeyman legend originates from humanoid-appearing logs and human "bog-bodies" found well-preserved in peat. These occasional discoveries gave rise to unsettling stories some suggest may have been used to encourage good behavior from otherwise misbehaving children.
O.Ir. clocc meaning "bell"; into Old High German as glocka, klocka[15] (whence Modern German Glocke) and back into English via Flemish;[16] cf also Welsh cloch but the giving language is Old Irish via the hand-bells used by early Irish missionaries.[15][17]
fun, used in Ireland for fun/enjoyment. The word is actually English in origin; it entered into Irish from the English "crack" via Ulster Scots. The Gaelicised spelling craic was then reborrowed into English. The craic spelling, although preferred by many Irish people, has garnered some criticism as a faux-Irish word.[18]
The ultimate source of this word is Latin crux, the Roman gibbet which became a symbol of Christianity. Some sources say the English wordform comes from Old Irish cros.[19][20] Other sources say the English comes from Old French crois[21] and others say it comes from Old Norse kross.[22]
(from drom/druim meaning "ridge") a ridge often separating two long narrow valleys; a long narrow ridge of drift or diluvial formation. Drumlin is a linguistic diminutive of drum, and it means a small rounded hill of glacial formation, often seen in series (OED). A landscape of many drumlins occurs in some parts of Ireland, including counties Cavan and Armagh. Drumlin is an established technical word in geology, but drum is almost never used.
(from eiscir meaning a particular kind of ridge) an elongated mound of post-glacial gravel, usually along a river valley (OED). In English usually used as a strictly-defined term in geology.
a small four-wheeled carriage for hire, a hackney-coach. Saint Fiacre was a seventh-century Irish-born saint who lived in France for most of his life. The English word fiacre comes from French. (OED)
to finish, to put an end to: "That's put the kibosh on it". The OED says the origin is obscure and possibly Yiddish. Other sources[23] suggest that it may be from the Irish an chaip bháis meaning "the cap of death" (a reference to the "black cap" worn by a judge passing sentence of capital punishment, or perhaps to the gruesome method of execution called pitchcapping);[24] or else somehow connected with "bosh", from Turkish "boş" (empty). (Caip bháis – pronounced as kibosh – is also a word in Irish for a candle-snuffer.)
(from loch) a lake, or arm of the sea. According to the OED, the spelling "lough" was originally a separate word with a similar meaning but different pronunciation, perhaps from Old Northumbrian: this word became obsolete, effectively from the 16th century, but in Anglo-Irish its spelling was retained for the word newly borrowed from Irish.
(from sluagh-ghairm meaning "a battle-cry used by Gaelic clans") Meaning of a word or phrase used by a specific group is metaphorical and first attested from 1704.[26]
smithereens
small fragments, atoms. In phrases such as 'to explode into smithereens'. This is the word smithers (of obscure origin) with the Irish diminutive ending. Whether it derives from the modern Irish smidrín or is the source of this word is unclear (OED).
T
tilly
(from tuilleadh meaning "a supplement") used to refer to an additional article or amount unpaid for by the purchaser, as a gift from the vendor (OED). Perhaps more prevalent in Newfoundland than Ireland. James Joyce, in his Pomes Penyeach included a thirteenth poem as a bonus (as the book sold for a shilling, twelve poems would have come to a penny each), which he named "Tilly", for the extra sup of milk given to customers by milkmen in Dublin.[27]
^Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media; Údarás na Gaeltachta; The North South Ministerial Council; Department for Communities. "Foras na Gaeilge". Foras na Gaeilge (in Irish and English). Foras na Gaeilge can be contacted by emailing snicgearailt@forasnagaeilge.ie with queries about Gaeilge.ie.((cite web)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Ruaidhrí Ó Cianáin; Doighre Ó hUiginn (1947). McKenna, Lambert (ed.). The Book of Magauran (Leabhar Méig Shamhradháin) (in Old Irish). National Library of Ireland, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. xxvi, 470. Original date: 14th century
^Ó Dónaill, Niall, ed. (1977). Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (in Irish and English). An Gúm. p. 1309. ISBN1857910370.
^Thurneysen, Rudolf (1909). Binchy, Daniel Anthony (ed.). A Grammar of Old Irish by Rudolf Thurneysen. Revised and enlarged edition. Translated from the German by D.A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin. With supplement. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p. xxi, 717. Original edition published in German
^Bergin, Osborn, ed. (1907–1913). Anecdota from Irish manuscripts (in Irish and English). M. Niemeyer. p. v 25.4.
^Strachan, John, ed. (1901–1903). Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: a collection of Old-Irish glosses, scholia, prose, and verse (in Irish, English, and Latin). University of Toronto: Cambridge University Press. p. iv, 82. Note: v. 1. Biblical glosses and scholia; v. 2. Non-Biblical glosses and scholia: Old-Irish prose: Names of persons and places: Inscriptions: Verse: Indexes.
^O'Connell, Peter, ed. (1819). Peter O'Connell's Irish-English dictionary (transcript in RIA). Trinity College, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.
^ abcdÓ Dónaill, Niall, ed. (1992). Focloir Gaeilge-Bearla. Oifig an tSolathair. p. 1309. ISBN1857910370.
^Hickey, Raymond (2007). Irish English: History and Present-Day Forms (in Irish and English). Cambridge University Press. p. 526. ISBN978-0521174152.
^Ó Muirithe, Diarmaid (1992-12-05). "The Words We Use". The Irish Times. p. 27.; reprinted in Ó Muirithe, Diarmaid (October 2006). The Words We Use. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 154–5. ISBN978-0-7171-4080-0.