Euphorbia is a highly diverse plant genus, comprising some 5,000 currently accepted taxa.^[1]^{[verification needed]}

This is an alphabetical list of the Euphorbia species and notable infraspecific taxa.

The list includes the former (and never generally accepted) genus Chamaesyce, as well as the related genera Elaeophorbia, Endadenium, Monadenium, Synadenium and Pedilanthus which according to recent DNA sequence-based phylogenetic studies are all nested within Euphorbia^[2]

Noticeably succulent plants are marked by (s).