National (state) railways

Albania - Hekurudha Shqiptare (HSH)
Armenia - Հայկական Երկաթուղի փբը (ՀԵ) Haycacan Yerkatuwi (HJe)
Austria - Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB)
Azerbaijan — Azərbaycan Dəmir Yolları (ADY)
Belarus - Беларуская чыгунка (БЧ)
Belgium - Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen (NMBS) - Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges (SNCB)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Željeznice Bosne i Hercegovine
Bulgaria - Български държавни железници (Balgarski Darzhavni Zheleznitsi) (БДЖ - BDŻ)
Croatia - Hrvatske Željeznice (HŽ)
Cyprus - Cyprus Government Railway (CGR)
Czech Republic - České dráhy (ČD)
Denmark - Danske Statsbaner (DSB)
Estonia - Eesti Raudtee (EVR)
Finland - Valtion Rautatiet (VR)
France - Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF)
Georgia - საქართველოს რკინიგზა (სრ)
Germany - Deutsche Bahn (DB)
Greece - Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος (ΟΣΕ) - Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE)
Hungary - Magyar Államvasutak (MÁV)
Ireland - Iarnród Éireann (IÉ)
Italy - Ferrovie dello Stato (FS) - Trenitalia
Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTŽ)
Latvia - Latvijas dzelzceļš (LDZ)
Liechtenstein - Zahnradbahn Honau–Lichtenstein (ZHB)^{[dubious – discuss]}
Lithuania - Lietuvos Geležinkeliai (LTG)
Luxembourg - Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois (CFL)
Moldova - Calea Ferată din Moldova (CFM)
Monaco - Monaco-Monte Carlo Metro
Montenegro - Željeznica Crne Gore (ŽCG)
Netherlands - Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)
North Macedonia - Македонски Железници (Makedonski Železnici)(МЖ - MŽ)
Norway - Vygruppen (Vy)
Poland - Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP)
Portugal - Comboios de Portugal (CP)
Romania - Căile Ferate Române (CFR)
Russia - Российские Железные Дороги (Rossiyskiye Zhyelyezniye Dorogi) (РЖД - RŻD)
San Marino - Ferrovia Rimini-San Marino (SFVET)
Serbia - Železnice Srbije (ŽS)
Slovakia - Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko, a. s. (ZSSK)
Slovenia - Slovenske železnice (SŽ)
Spain - Renfe
Switzerland - Schweizerische Bundesbahnen (SBB) / Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses (CFF) / Ferrovie federali svizzere (FFS) / Viafiers federalas svizras (VFS)
Sweden - SJ AB (SJ)
Turkey - Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları İşletmesi (TCDD)
Ukraine - Укрзалізниця (Ukrzaliznytsia) (УЗ - UZ)
United Kingdom - British Rail (BR) (privatized 1997)
Vatican City - Ferrovie del Vaticano

Regional and private railways

Austria
- Graz-Köflacher Eisenbahn (GKB)
- Salzburger Lokalbahn (SLB)
- Steiermärkische Landesbahnen (STLB)
- Zillertalbahn (ZB)
- Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurti Vasút (GySEV) – Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurth-Eisebahnen (ROeEE)
France
- Eurostar (merged with former Thalys)
Belgium
- Eurostar (merged with former Thalys)
Czech Republic
- NH-TRANS, a.s.
- RegioJet
- Železniční společnost Tanvald
- Plzeňská dráha
- Železnici Desná (ŽD)
Denmark
- Danish railways - Nordjyske Jernbaner
- De sjællandske Statsbaner
- Hohenzollerische Landesbahn AG (HzL)
- Vogtlandbahn (VB)
Germany
- Eurostar (former Thalys)
- Flixtrain
Hungary
- Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurti Vasút (GySEV) – Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurth-Eisebahnen (ROeEE)
Italy
- Ferrovia Circumetnea (FCE)
- Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM)
- Ferrovia Alta Valtellina (FAV)
- Ferrovia Valle Seriana (FVS)
- Società Nazionale Ferrovie e Tramvie (Brescia Iseo Edolo)
- Ferrovia Valle Brembana
- Ferrovia Mantova Peschiera
- Ferrovia Intra Omegna (SAVTE)
- Ferrovie Reggiane (CCFR)
- Ferrovie Modenesi
- Ferrovie Padane
- Ferrovia Parma Suzzara
- Ferrovia Suzzara Ferrara (FSF)
- Ferrovia Casalecchio Vignola (FCV)
- Ferrovia Torino Ceres (FTC)
- Ferrovia Canavesana
- Ferrovie Elettriche Biellesi
- Ferrovia Rezzato Vobarno
- Ferrovia Piacenza Bettola (SIFT)
- Ferrovia Lana Postal
- Ferrovia Transatesina - Bolzano Caldaro
- Ferrovia Bribano Agordo
- Ferrovia Udine Cividale (FUC)
- Ferrovia Adria Mestre
- Ferrovia Centrale Umbra (FCU)
- Ferrovia Siena-Buonconvento-Monte Antico
- Ferrovia Sangritana
- Ferrovie siciliane
- Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)
- La Ferroviaria Italiana
- Ferrovie del Gargano
- Ferrovie del Nord Barese
- Ferrovia Alifana
- Ferrovia Cumana
- Ferrovia Benevento-Cancello
- Ferrovia Avellino-Rocchetta Sant'Antonio
- Ferrovie Appulo Lucane
- Ferrovia Genova Casella
- Ferrovia delle Dolomiti
- Ferrovia Cogne Acquefredde
- Ferrovia Stresa Mottarone (closed in 1963)
- Ferrovia Intra Premeno
- Ferrovia Trento-Malè
- Ferrovia della Val di Fiemme
- Ferrovia del Renon
- Ferrovia Alto Pistoiese
- Ferrovia Roma Fiuggi Alatri Frosinone
- Ferrovia Spoleto Norcia
- Ferrovia Circumvesuviana
- Ferrovie Calabro Lucane
- Ferrovia Circumetnea
- Strade Ferrate Secondarie della Sardegna
- Ferrovie Complementari Sarde
- Ferrovie Meridionali Sarde
- Strade Ferrate Sarde
- Ferrovie della Sardegna
- Ferrovia Siracusa Ragusa Vizzini
- Ferrovia Basso Sebino
- Ferrovia Val d'Orcia
- Ferrovia Valmorea
- Ferrovia Domodossola-Locarno
- Sad Trasporto Locale S.p.a.
- Società Subalpina Imprese Ferroviarie [de] (SSIF)
- Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori
Netherlands
- Eurostar (former Thalys)
Norway
- Tågkompaniet AB (TK)
Poland
Romania
- Regio Călători
- Interregional Călători
- Softrans
- Transferoviar Călători (T.F.C.)
- Astra Trans Carpatic
Spain
- Canfranero
- Cercanías
- El ferrocarril de la Minero Siderurgica de Ponferrada (MSP)
- Ferrocarril Santander-Mediterráneo
- Ferrocarril Vasco-Asturiano
- Ferrocarril de La Robla
- Ferrocarril de Langreo
- Ferrocarril del Almanzora
- La línea de ferrocarril Baeza-Utiel
- Metro de Palma de Mallorca
- Ferrocarriles Secundarios de Castilla
- Tren Camino de Santiago
- Trenet de la Marina
- Alta Velocidad (LAV)
- Ferrocarril suburbano de Carabanchel
- Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC)
- Ouigo España
- Intermobilidad de Levante
Sweden
- Bergkvist Svets & Mek Järnväg AB (BSMJ)
- Sydvästen AB (SV)
- Tågkompaniet AB (TK)
- Flixtrain
Switzerland
- Appenzeller Bahnen (AB)
- BLS AG (BLS)
- Berner Oberland Bahn (BOB)
- BVZ Zermatt-Bahn (BVZ)
- Domodossola–Locarno railway (Centovallina)
- CISALPINO AG
- Furka Oberalp Bahn (FO)
- Glacier Express (GE)
- GoldenPass Line (GPL)
- Gornergratbahn (GB)
- Jungfraubahn (JB)
- Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ)
- Transports de Martigny et Régions SA
- Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn (MGB)
- Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line
- Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn (RBS)
- Rhätische Bahn (RB)
- Südostbahn (SOB)
- Voralpen Express (VAE)
- Transports Publics du Chablais (TPC)
- Wilhelm Tell Express (WTE)
- Zentralbahn (ZB)
United Kingdom (at March 2024)

Regional passenger and cargo railways

Hungary
- CER Vasúti Zrt
- Magyar Magánvasút ZRt. (MMV)
- Mátrai Erőmű Zrt.
- MÁV-Hajdú Vasútépítő Kft.
- Train Hungary Magánvasút Kft
Poland
- Connex Polska sp. z o.o
- KOLEJ NZGTK
- KP Szczakowa S.A.
- KP Kotlarnia S.A.
- KP Kuźnica Warężyńska S.A.
- PKN Orlen
- Przedsiębiorstwo Transportu Kolejowego i Gospodarki Kamieniem S.A. w Rybniku (PTK)
- Przedsiębiorstwo Transportu Kolejowego i Gospodarki Kamieniem Holding SA Zabrze (PTK)
Romania
- Transferoviar Grup

Urban, municipal and local railways

Armenia
- Yerevan metro
Austria
- Insbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe (IVB)
- Linzer Lokalbahn (LLB)
- Wiener Lokalbahnen AG (WLB)
Germany
- Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund (KVB)
Hungary
- Budapesti Helyiérdekű Vasút (BHÉV)
Italy
- Ferrovia Roma Ostia Lido
- Ferrovia Roma Viterbo
Poland
- PKP SKM sp. z o.o
- PKP WKD sp. z o.o
Spain
- Metro de Madrid
- Metro de Barcelona
- Metro de Granada
- Metro de Málaga
- Metro de Santander
- Metro de Sevilla

Cargo railways

Austria
- Rail Cargo Austria
- Logistik- und Transport GmbH (LTE)
Germany, Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, Italy
- Railion
Germany, France, Luxembourg and Switzerland
- Rhealys
Germany, Netherlands
- Bentheimer Eisenbahn
Slovakia
- Železnična spoločnost' Cargo Slovakia (ZSCS)
Slovenia
- Adria Transport
Hungary
- MÁV Cargo
Italy
- FS Cargo
- Rail Traction Company
Norway
- CargoNet
Poland
- PKP CARGO SA
- PKP LHS sp. z o.o.
- Przedsiębiorstwo Transportu Kolejowego
Romania
- CFR Marfa
- Grup Feroviar Român
- GP Rail Cargo
- Transferoviar Grup
- Vest Trans Rail
- Via Terra Spedition
- Cargo Trans Vagon
- Constantin Grup
- DB Cargo Romania
- Rail Cargo Carrier- România
- Tehnotrans Feroviar
- CER-Fersped/EP Rail
- Unicom Tranzit
- Tim Rail Cargo
- LTE-Rail Romania
- PSP Cargo Group- Romania
- Express Forwarding
- Rofersped
Sweden
- Green Cargo

Infrastructural and track railways

Austria
- ÖBB-Infrastruktur Betrieb AG
Bulgaria
- Национална компания Железопътна инфраструктура
Czech Republic
- Správa železnic (SŽ)
France
- SNCF réseau
Slovakia
- Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR)
Poland
- PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe SA
Romania
- CFR SA
Sweden
- Banverket

v t e Rail transport in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard
Other entities	European Union