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((Short description|none))
((about|royal consorts of German rulers after the 843 Treaty of Verdun|ancient German/Germanic queens before the treaty|List of Frankish queens))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2022))
((More citations needed|date=October 2023))[[Image:Crown of Constance of Aragon - Cathedral of Palermo - Italy 2015.JPG|thumb|240px|Crown of [[Constance of Aragon]], Holy Roman Empress and Queen of the Romans]]

'''Queen of the Romans''' (((lang-la|Regina Romanorum)), ((lang-de|Königin der Römer))) or '''Queen of the Germans''' were the official titles of the queens consort of the medieval and early modern [[Kingdom of Germany]]. They were the wives of the [[King of the Romans]] (chosen by [[imperial election]]), and are informally also known as '''German queen''' (((lang-de|Deutsche Königin))). A Queen of the Romans also became [[Holy Roman Empress]] if [[Coronation of the Holy Roman emperor|her husband was crowned]] [[Holy Roman Emperor]], in the [[Middle Ages]] usually by the [[Pope]] in [[Rome]] during an ''[[Italienzug]]''. Most elected Kings of the Romans did, but some never made it that far, and thus their wives only ever achieved the status of Queen of the Romans.

Empress [[Maria Theresa]] (1745–1780) is often considered to be a ruler [[suo jure|in her own right]],<ref name=":0">((Cite web |title=Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria |url=https://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/mariatheres.html |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=departments.kings.edu))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Maria Theresa – the heiress |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/maria-theresa-heiress |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Die Welt der Habsburger |language=en))</ref> as she was Queen regnant of Bohemia and Hungary, and although her husband [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]] was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1745, it was she who ruled the Empire and continued to do so even after Francis' death in 1765 before ruling jointly with her son [[Emperor Joseph II]].

==German (East Francian) Queens==
((See also|List of Frankish queens))
With the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Carolingian Empire was divided. Lothair, the King of the middle Kingdom of Lotharingia or Burgundy, obtained the title of ''Emperor''; Louis obtained Eastern Francia, the area which would become Germany. The wives of that realm's Kings are thus German Queens (or more precisely, East Francian Queens – 'Germany' is historically deemed to have developed with the election of Henry the Fowler), but not always Empresses.

===Carolingian===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!House
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align="center"| [[File:Hemma.jpg|100px]] ||align=center| [[Hemma|Emma of Altdorf]]<br />Queen of the East Franks ||align="center"| [[Elder Welfs|Elder Welf]] ||align="center"| 808 ||align="center"| 827 ||align="center"| 11 August 843 ||align="center"| ''never Empress'' ||align="center" colspan="2"| 31 January 876 ||align="center"| [[Louis the German|Louis I/II]]
|-
|align="center"| [[File:Luitgarda.jpg|100px]]||align=center| [[Liutgard of Saxony (died 885)|Liutgard]]<br />Queen of the East Franks ||align="center"| [[Liudolfing]] ||align="center"| c. 845 ||align="center"| 29 November 874 ||align="center"| 26 August 876 ||align="center"| ''never Empress'' ||align="center"| 20 January 882 ||align="center"| 17/30 November 885 ||align="center"| [[Louis the Younger|Louis II/III]]
|-
|align=center|[[File:Saint Richardis (fragment of The Ordeal by Fire by Dierec Bouts the Older).jpg|100px]]||align=center| [[Richardis]] ||align="center"| [[Ahalolfinger]] ||align="center"| c.840 ||align="center"| 862 ||align="center"| 20 January 882 ||align="center"| 12 February 881 ||align="center"| As Queen: 11 November 887<br />''husband's deposition as King''<br />As Empress: 13 January 888<br />''husband's death'' ||align="center"| 18 September 894-896 ||align="center"| [[Charles the Fat]]
|-
|align=center| ||align=center| [[Ota, wife of Arnulf of Carinthia|Ota]] ||align="center"| [[Conradine]] ||align="center"| c. 874 ||align="center" colspan="2"| 888 ||align="center"| 22 February 896 ||align="center"| 8 December 899 ||align="center"| 30 November 903 ||align="center"| [[Arnulf of Carinthia|Arnulf]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!House
!Birth 
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===Conradine===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!House
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| ||align=center| [[Cunigunde of Swabia]]<br />Queen of East Francia ||align="center"| [[Ahalolfings]] || align="center"| c.870 ||align="center" colspan="2"| 913 ||align="center"| ''never Empress'' ||align="center"| 23 December 918 ||align="center"| 7 February after 918 ||align="center"| [[Conrad I of Germany|Conrad I]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!House
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

==German Queens==
With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inaliably associated with the Kingdom of Germany – although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would eventually become impossible to conceive of a Holy Roman Emperor ''not'' being King of Germany (a viewpoint reinforced with the equation of ''King of the Romans'' with ''King of Germany'' from the 12th century). Thus, the following women, though not all Holy Roman Empresses, were all Queens of Germany, and – from the inception of the Hohenstaufen dynasty – all Queens of the Romans.

===Ottonian Dynasty===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center|[[File:Mathilde 0 de ringelheim.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Matilda of Ringelheim|Matilda]]<br />Queen of the East Franks ||align="center"| <small>[[Dietrich of Ringelheim|Dietrich]], Count of Westphalia<br></small>([[Immedinger]]) || align="center"| c.895 ||align="center"| 909 ||align="center"| 23 April 919 ||align="center"| ''never Empress'' ||align="center"| 2 July 936 ||align="center"| 14 March 968 ||align="center"| [[Henry I of Germany|Henry I]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Edita 250.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Eadgyth|Edith of Wessex]]<br />Queen of the East Franks ||align="center"| [[Edward the Elder]] <br>([[House of Wessex|Wessex]]) ||align="center"| 910 ||align="center"| 929 ||align="center"| 7 August 936 ||align="center"| ''never Empress'' ||align="center" colspan="2"| 26 January 946 ||align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]
|-
|align=center|[[Image:Sainte-Adélaïde - Église de Toury, vitraux par Lorin.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Adelaide of Italy]] ||align="center"| [[Rudolph II of Burgundy]]<br>([[Elder Welfs|Welf]]) || align="center"| 931 ||align="center" colspan="2"| 951 ||align="center"| 2 February 962 (Crowned on this date) ||align="center"| 7 May 973 ||align="center"| 16 December 999
|-
|align=center| [[File:Theophanu 0 skleros.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Theophanu|Theophanu of Byzantium]] || align="center"| Konstantinos Skleros<br>([[Skleros]]) ||align="center"| 960 ||align="center" colspan="2"| 14 April 972 ||align="center"| 14 April 972<br />''husband as co-Emperor with his father''/<br />7 May 973<br />''husband as sole Emperor''<br />Crowned 14 April 972 ||align="center"| 7 December 983<br />''husband's death'' ||align="center"| 15 June 991 ||align="center"| [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Heilige Kunigunde.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg]] ||align="center"| <small>[[Siegfried of Luxembourg|Siegfried]], Count of Luxemburg<br></small>([[House of Ardenne–Luxembourg|Ardenne–Luxembourg]]) ||align="center"| c.975 ||align="center"| c.1000 ||align="center"| 17 June 1002 ||align="center"| 26 April 1014 ||align="center"| 13 July 1024 ||align="center"| 3 March 1033 ||align="center"| [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===Salian Dynasty===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Gisela von Schwaben.JPG|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Gisela of Swabia]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[Herman II, Duke of Swabia]]</small><br />([[Conradines]])
|align="center"| 11 November 995 
|align="center"| 1016 
|align="center"| 8 September 1024
|align="center"| 26 March 1027 
|align="center"| 4 June 1039<br />''husband's death'' 
|align="center"| 14 February 1043 
|align="center"| [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]
|-
|align="center"| [[File:Gunhilda.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Gunhilda of Denmark|Gunhilda Knutsdatter of Denmark]]<br />Queen of the Germans 
|align="center"| <small>[[Cnut the Great]]</small><br />([[House of Denmark|Denmark]])
|align="center"| c.1020 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1036 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1038 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Agnes of Poitou.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Agnes de Poitou]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[William V, Duke of Aquitaine]]</small><br />([[Ramnulfids]])
|align="center"| 1025 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 21 November 1043 
|align="center"| 25 December 1046 
|align="center"| 5 October 1056 
|align="center"| 14 December 1077
|-
|align=center| [[File:Bertha of Savoy, the Holy Roman Empress, was dong a penance barefoot.jpg|80px|Bertha of Savoy, the Holy Roman Empress]] 
|align=center| [[Bertha of Savoy]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[Otto, Count of Savoy]]</small><br />([[House of Savoy|Savoy]])
|align="center"| 21 September 1051 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 13 July 1066 
|align="center"| 21 March 1084 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 27 December 1087 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Stamp of Ukraine s1504.jpg|80px|Eupraxia-Adelaide of Kiev]] 
|align=center| [[Eupraxia of Kiev]]<br>(Adelaide)
|align="center"| <small>[[Vsevolod I of Kiev|Vsevolod I, Grand Prince of Kiev]]</small><br />([[Rurikids]])
|align="center"| 1071 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 14 August 1089 
|align="center"| 14 August 1089 
|align="center"| 31 December 1105<br />''husband's deposition'' 
|align="center"| 20 July 1109
|-
|align=center| [[File:Constance of Sicily.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Constance of Sicily (died 1138)|Constanze]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| <small>[[Roger I of Sicily]]</small><br />([[Hauteville family|Hauteville]])
|align="center"| 1077–1087
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1095 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 1098<br />''husband's deposition'' 
|align="center"| 27 November 1198 
|align="center"| [[Conrad II of Italy|Conrad, King of the Romans]]
|-
|align="center"| [[File:Matylda dcera.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Empress Matilda|Matilda of England]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[Henry I of England]]</small><br />([[House of Normandy|Normandy]])
|align="center"| 7 February 1101 
|align="center" colspan="3"| 7 January 1114 
|align="center"| 23 May 1125 
|align="center"| 10 September 1167 
|align="center"| [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Supplinburg===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Richenza von Northeim (Königslutter).jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Richenza of Northeim]] 
|align="center"| Henry the Fat, Margrave of Frisia 
|align="center"| c.1087–89 
|align="center"| c.1100 
|align="center"| 30 August 1125 
|align="center"| 4 June 1133 
|align="center"| 4 December 1137 
|align="center"| 10 June 1141 
|align="center"| [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Hohenstaufen (1)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| 
|align=center| [[Gertrud von Komburg]]<br />Queen of the Romans in opposition
|align="center"| Henry, Count of Rothenburg 
|align="center"| 
|align="center"| c.1115 
|align="center"| 1127<br />''husband King in opposition'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| c.1130-1131 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Gertrud-von-Sulzbach-Grab cropped.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Gertrude of Sulzbach]] 
|align="center"| [[Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach]] 
|align="center"| 
|align="center"| 1136 
|align="center"| 7 March 1138 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 14 April 1146
|-
|align=center| 
|align=center| [[Adelheid of Vohburg]]
|align="center"| [[Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg]]
|align="center"| c.1128 
|align="center"| 1147 
|align="center"| 4 March 1152 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| March 1153<br />''marriage annulled'' 
|align="center"| after 1187 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 032.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy]] 
|align="center"| [[Renaud III, Count of Burgundy|Renaud III]], [[List of counts of Burgundy|Count of Burgundy]] 
|align="center"| 1148 
|align="center" colspan="3"| 9 June 1156 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 15 November 1184
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Constance-Sicily.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Constance of Sicily]]|| align="center"| [[Roger II of Sicily|Roger II]], King of Sicily<br />([[Hauteville family|Hauteville]]) 
|align="center"| 1154 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 27 January 1186 
|align="center"| 14 April 1191 
|align="center"| 28 September 1197 
|align="center"| 27 November 1198 
|align="center"| [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Irene Angelina.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Irene Angelina]] 
|align="center"| [[Isaac II Angelos|Isaac II]] [[Angelos]], Byzantine Emperor 
|align="center"| 1177–1181 
|align="center"| 25 May 1197 
|align="center"| 6 March 1198 
|align="center"| ''never Empress''
|align="center"| 21 August 1208 
|align="center"| 27 August 1208 
|align="center"| [[Philip of Swabia]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Welf===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 39v.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Beatrice of Swabia]]
|align="center"| [[Philip of Swabia|Philip]], King of Germany<br />([[Hohenstaufen]]) 
|align="center"| 1198 
|align="center" colspan="3"| 1209 or 1212 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1212 
|align="center" rowspan="1"| [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Hohenstaufen (2)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align="center"| [[File:KonstancieAragonska Uhry.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Constance of Aragon]]
|align="center"| [[Alfonso II of Aragon|Alfonso II]], King of Aragon 
|align="center"| 1179 
|align="center"| 5 August 1209 
|align="center"| 1211–1212<br />''husband as King in opposition''/<br />5 July 1215<br />''husband unopposed'' 
|align="center"| 22 November 1220 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 23 April 1220<br />''Ceased to<br /> be Queen: <br /> son elected<br /> as King''; <br /> 23 June 1222<br />''Ceased to be<br /> Empress upon death'' 
|align="center" rowspan="4"| [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Yolande of Jerusalem.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Isabella II of Jerusalem|Isabelle of Brienne]] 
|align="center"| [[John of Brienne]], King of Jerusalem 
|align="center"| 1212 
|align="center" colspan="3"|9 November 1225 
|align="center" colspan="2"|25 April 1228
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Isabella of England, Holy Roman Empress.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Isabella of England]] 
|align="center"| [[John of England|John]], King of England 
|align="center"| 1214 
|align="center" colspan="3"| 15/20 July 1235 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1 December 1241
|-
|align=center| 
|align=center| [[Bianca Lancia]] 
|align=center| a child of Manfred I Lancia (one of his sons, Manfred II or Bonifacio, or one daughter, Bianca)
|align=center| c.1200 
|align=center| c.1244?<br />''Evidence for marriage is dubious'' 
|align=center| ''never German Queen'' 
|align=center colspan=2| c.1244?<br />''evidence for marriage is dubious'' 
|align=center| c.1244
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Margarete von Babenberg.JPG|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Margaret, Duchess of Austria|Margaret of Austria]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Leopold VI, Duke of Austria|Leopold VI]] of [[Babenberg]], Duke of Austria 
|align="center"| c.1204 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 29 November 1225<br />''Queen by marriage'':<br />''husband was King under his father, [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]'';<br />23 March 1227<br /> ''Crowned as Queen'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 4 July 1235 ''husband dethroned'';<br /> 12 February 1242 ''husband's death'' 
|align="center"| 29 October 1266 
|align="center"| [[Henry (VII) of Germany|Henry, King of the Romans]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Elisabeth von Bayern (1227–1273).jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany|Elisabeth of Bavaria]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Otto II, Duke of Bavaria|Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria]] 
|align="center"| 1227 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1 September 1246 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 21 May 1254 
|align="center"| 9 October 1273
|align="center"| [[Conrad IV of Germany|Conrad IV]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!House
!Father
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Habsburg (1)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Gertrud Anna Habsburg Basel Muenster 2008 018.jpg|90px]] 
|align=center| [[Gertrude of Hohenberg]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| Burchard V, Count of Hohenburg 
|align="center"| 1225 
|align="center"| 1245 
|align="center"| 29 September 1273
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 16 February 1281 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolph I]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Pecet Isabela Burgundska.jpg|90px]] 
|align=center| [[Isabelle of Burgundy]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy|Hugh IV]], [[Dukes of Burgundy|Duke of Burgundy]] 
|align="center"| c.1270 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 6 February 1284 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 15 July 1291<br /> ''husband's death'' 
|align="center"| c.1323
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Nassau===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align="center"| [[Image:Adolf imagina klarenthal.JPG|80px]] 
|align="center"| [[Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[Gerlach IV of Isenburg-Limburg]]</small><br />([[House of Isenburg|Isenburg-Limburg]])
|align="center"| 1259 
|align="center"| 1271 
|align="center"| 5 May 1292 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 23 June 1298 
|align="center"| 29 September 1313
|align="center" |[[Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Habsburg (2)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Elisabeth Tirol.jpg|90px]] 
|align=center| [[Elisabeth of Tirol]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia]] 
|align="center"| c.1262 
|align="center"| 20 December 1274 
|align="center"| 27 July 1298 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 1 May 1308 
|align="center"| 28 October 1312 
|align="center"| [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Luxemburg (1)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Margaret of Brabant hlava.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Margaret of Brabant]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[John I, Duke of Brabant]] 
|align="center"| 4 October 1276 
|align="center"| 9 July 1292 
|align="center"| 27 November 1308 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 14 December 1311 
|align="center"| [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Habsburg (3)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:IsabelaAragonska.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Isabella of Aragon (1305–1330)|Isabella of Aragon]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[James II of Aragon|James II]] of [[House of Barcelona|Barcelona]], King of Aragon and Sicily 
|align="center"| 1296 
|align="center"| 11 May 1314 
|align="center"| 19 October 1315<br />''husband's election (in opposition)''/<br /> 5 September 1325<br />''husband recognised as co-King'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 28 September 1322<br />''husband abandons claim''/<br />13 January 1330<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 12 July 1330 
|align="center"| [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick the Handsome]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Wittelsbach (1)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Beatrix of Silesia-Glogau.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Beatrix of Świdnica]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Bolko I the Strict|Bolko I]], Duke of [[Świdnica]] 
|align="center"| 1290 
|align="center"| 1308 
|align="center"| 20 October 1314<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2" | 24 August 1322 
|align="center" rowspan="2" |[[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Marguerite II de Hainaut.png|80px]] ||align=center| [[Margaret, Countess of Hainaut]]
|align="center"| [[William I, Count of Hainaut|William]] of [[House of Avesnes|Avesnes]], Count of Hainaut 
|align="center"| 1311 ||align="center" colspan="2"| 26 February 1324 
|align="center"| January 1328 
|align="center"| 11 October 1347 
|align="center"| 23 June 1356
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Luxemburg (2)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name

!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Blanka Valois.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Blanche of Valois]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"|[[Charles of Valois|Charles]] of [[House of Valois|Valois]] 
|align="center"|1316 
|align="center"| May 1329 
|align="center"| 11 July 1346<br />''husband's election (in opposition)'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"|1 August 1348 
|align="center" rowspan="4"| [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Anna von der Pfalz.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Anna of Bavaria]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| <small>[[Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria]]</small><br />([[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]) 
|align="center"| 26 September 1329 
|align="center"| 4 March 1349 
|align="center"| 17 June 1349<br />''husband's election (without opposition)'' 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 2 February 1353
|-
|align=center|[[File:AnnaSvidnicka hlava.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Anna von Schweidnitz|Anna of Świdnica]] 
|align="center"| [[Henry II of Świdnica|Henry II]], Duke of [[Świdnica]] 
|align="center"| c. 1339
|align="center" colspan="2"| 27 May 1353
|align="center"| 5 April 1355<br />''coronation with husband''
|align="center" colspan="2"| 11 July 1362
|-
|align=center| [[File:Katedrala sv Vita Praha mozaika Alzbeta.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Elizabeth of Pomerania]] 
|align="center"| Bogislav V, [[Dukes of Pomerania|Duke of Pomerania]] 
|align="center"| 1347 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 21 May 1363 
|align="center"| 1 November 1368<br />''coronation'' 
|align="center"| 29 November 1378 <br /> ''husband's death'' ||align="center"| 14 February 1393
|-
|align=center| [[File:Joanna of Bavaria.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Johanna of Bavaria, Queen of Bohemia|Johanna of Bavaria]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| <small>[[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria]]</small><br />([[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]) 
|align="center"| c. 1362||align="center"| 29 September 1370 
|align="center"| 10 June 1376 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 31 December 1386 
|align="center" rowspan="2"| [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:ZofieBav2.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Sofia of Bavaria]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| <small>[[John II, Duke of Bavaria]]</small><br />([[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]) 
|align="center"| 1376
|align="center" colspan="2"| 2 May 1389 
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 20 August 1400<br />''husband's deposition''
|align="center"| 26 September 1425
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Wittelsbach (2)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Elisabeth von Hohenzollern.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Elisabeth of Nuremberg]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg]]<br />([[House of Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern]]) 
|align="center"| 1358
|align="center"| 27 June 1374
|align="center"| 21 August 1400<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 18 May 1410<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 26 July 1411 
|align="center"| [[Rupert of Germany]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Luxemburg (3)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Barbara-von-Cilli.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Barbara of Celje]] 
|align="center"| [[Hermann II, Count of Celje|Hermann II]]<br />([[Counts of Celje|Celje]]) 
|align="center"| 1390 to 1395
|align="center"| 1408
|align="center"| 21 July 1411<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| 31 May 1433<br />''husband's coronation'' 
|align="center"| 9 December 1437<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 11 July 1451 
|align="center"| [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Habsburg (4)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Elisabeth-Boehmen.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Elizabeth of Luxembourg]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"|[[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Sigismund]]<br />([[House of Luxembourg|Luxemburg]]) 
|align="center"| 1409
|align="center"| 1422
|align="center"| 18 March 1438<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center"| 27 October 1439<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 25 December 1442 
|align="center"| [[Albert II of Germany]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. 006.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Eleanor of Portugal, Empress|Eleanor of Portugal]] 
|align="center"| <small>[[Edward of Portugal]]</small><br />([[House of Aviz|Aviz]]) 
|align="center"| 18 September 1434
|align="center" colspan="2"|16 March 1452 
|align="center"| 19 March 1452<br />''husband's coronation'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 3 September 1467 
|align="center"| [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Ambrogio de Predis 002.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Bianca Maria Sforza|Bianca Maria of Milan]] 
| align="center"| [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza|Galeazzo Maria, Duke of Milan]]<br />([[House of Sforza|Sforza]]) 
|align="center"| 5 April 1472
|align="center" colspan="2"| 16 March 1494 
|align="center"| 4 February 1508<br />''husband declared "emperor-elect"'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 31 December 1510 
|align="center"| [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Tizian 057.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Isabella of Portugal]] 
|align="center"|[[Manuel I of Portugal]]<br />([[House of Aviz|Aviz]]) 
|align="center"| 23 October 1503
|align="center" colspan="2"| 10 March 1526 
|align="center"| 24 February 1530<br />''husband's coronation'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1 May 1539 
|align="center"| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Annajagiello.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Anna of Bohemia and Hungary]]<br />Queen of the Romans 
|align="center"| [[Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary]]<br />([[Jagiellon dynasty|Jagiello]]) 
|align="center"| 23 July 1503
|align="center"| 25 May 1521
|align="center"| January 1531<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| ''never Empress'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 27 January 1547 
|align="center"| [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Maria of Spain 1557.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Maria of Spain]] 
|align="center"| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 21 June 1528
|align="center"| 13 September 1548
|align="center"| November 1562<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| 25 July 1564<br />''husband's ascension''
|align="center"| 12 October 1576<br />''husband's death'' 
|align="center"| 26 February 1603 
|align="center"| [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Frans Pourbus d. J. 002.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Anna of Austria, Empress Matthias|Anna of Austria]] 
|align="center"|[[Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 4 October 1585
|align="center"| 4 December 1611
|align="center" colspan="2"| 1612<br />''husband's election''
|align="center" colspan="2"| 14 December 1618 
|align="center"| [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Justus Sustermans - Eleonora Gonzaga (1598-1655), wife of Ferdinand II, in wedding dress.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Eleonore Gonzaga|Eleonore of Mantua]] 
|align="center"| [[Vincenzo I Gonzaga|Vincenzo I, Duke of Mantua]]<br />([[House of Gonzaga|Gonzaga]]) 
|align="center"| 23 September (23 February?) 1598
|align="center" colspan="3"| 4 February 1622 
|align="center"| 15 February 1637<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 27 June 1655 
|align="center"| [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Diego Velázquez - Maria Anna of Spain - Prado.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Maria Anna of Spain]] 
|align="center"| [[Philip III of Spain]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 18 August 1606
|align="center"| 20 February 1631
|align="center"| 22 December 1636<br />''husband's election''
|align="center"| 15 February 1637<br />''husband's ascension''
|align="center" colspan="2"| 13 May 1646 
|align="center" rowspan="3"| [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Lorenzo Lippi 005.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Maria Leopoldine of Austria]] 
|align="center"| [[Leopold V, Archduke of Austria]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 6 April 1632
|align="center" colspan="3"| 2 July 1648 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 7 August 1649
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Frans Luycx - Eleonora Gonzaga as Diana, Holy Empress, 3rd wife of Ferdinand III.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Eleanor of Mantua, Empress Ferdinand III|Eleanor of Mantua]] 
|align="center"| Charles II, Duke of Mantua<br />([[House of Gonzaga|Gonzaga]]) 
|align="center"| 18 November 1630
|align="center" colspan="3"| 30 April 1651 
|align="center"| 2 April 1657 <br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 6 December 1686
|-
|align=center| [[File:Jan Thomas - Infanta Margaret Theresa, Empress, in theater dress.jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]]<ref name=":1">((Cite web |title=Leopold I ((!)) Holy Roman Emperor, Austrian Ruler & Reformer ((!)) Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leopold-I-Holy-Roman-emperor |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en))</ref>
|align="center"| [[Philip IV of Spain]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 12 July 1651
|align="center" colspan="3"| 12 December 1666 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 12 March 1673 
|align="center" rowspan="3"| [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Erzherzogin Claudia Felicitas.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Claudia Felicitas of Austria]]<ref name=":1" />
|align="center"| [[Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 30 May 1653
|align="center" colspan="3"| 15 October 1673 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 8 April 1676
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Eleonore of Pfalz Neuburg.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg]]<ref name=":1" />
|align="center"| <small>[[Philip William, Elector Palatine]]</small><br />([[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]) 
|align="center"| 6 January 1655
|align="center" colspan="3"| 14 December 1676 
|align="center"| 5 May 1705<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 19 January 1720
|-
|align=center| [[File:Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick]]<ref>((Cite web |title=Joseph I ((!)) Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/german-history-biographies/joseph-i |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.encyclopedia.com))</ref>
|align="center"| [[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John Frederick, Duke of Calenburg]]<br />([[House of Welf|Welf]]) 
|align="center"| 21 April 1673
|align="center" colspan="2"| 24 February 1699 
|align="center"| 5 May 1705<br />''husband's ascension'' 
|align="center"| 17 April 1711<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 10 April 1742
|align="center"| [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Andrea Vaccaro il giovane (attr.) - Elisabeth Christine von Braunsweig-Wolfenbüttel - circa 1711-1713.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]] 
|align="center"| [[Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br />([[House of Welf|Welf]]) 
|align="center"| 28 August (28 September?) 1691
|align="center"| 1 August 1708 
|align="center" colspan="2"| December 1711<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center"| 20 October 1740<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 21 December 1750
|align="center"| [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Wittelsbach (3)===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[File:Maria Amalia of Austriakaiserin.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress|Maria Amalia of Austria]]<ref>((Cite web |title=C. H. Müller (18th century) - Maria Amalia |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/613620/maria-amalia |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en))</ref>
|align="center"| <small>[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]</small><br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 22 October 1701
|align="center"| 5 October 1723
|align="center" colspan="2"| 24 January 1742<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center"| 20 January 1745<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 11 December 1756
|align="center"| [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

===House of Habsburg-Lorraine===
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Kaiserin Maria Theresia (HRR).jpg|80px]] ||align=center| [[Maria Theresa]]<ref name=":0" />
|align="center"| [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]<br />([[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]) 
|align="center"| 13 May 1717
|align="center"| 12 February 1736 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 13 September 1745<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center"| 18 August 1765<br />''husband's death''
|align="center"| 29 November 1780
|align="center"| [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[Image:Maria Josepha von Bayern.jpg|80px]] 
|align=center| [[Maria Josepha of Bavaria]] 
|align="center"| [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]]<br />([[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]) 
|align="center"| 30 March 1739
|align="center" colspan="2"| 23 January 1765 
|align="center"| 18 August 1765<br />''husband's ascension'' 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 28 May 1767 
|align="center"| [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Mengs, Anton Raphael - Maria Luisa di Borbone Spagna, granduchessa di Toscana - 1770 - Prado.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Maria Louisa of Spain]]
|align="center"| [[Charles III of Spain]]<br />([[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]])
|align="center"| 24 November 1745
|align="center"| 5 August 1765 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 30 September 1790<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center" |1 March 1792<br />''husband's death'' 
|align="center"| 15 May 1792 
|align="center"| [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
|align=center| [[File:Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Naples par Vigée Le Brun, Musée Condé.jpg|80px]]
|align=center| [[Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies]]
|align="center"| [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]<br />([[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]])
|align="center"| 6 June 1772
|align="center"| 15 August 1790 
|align="center" colspan="2"| 5 July 1792<br />''husband's election'' 
|align="center"| 6 August 1806<br />''husband's abdication'' 
|align="center"| 13 April 1807 
|align="center"| [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-
!Picture
!Name
!Father
!Birth
!Marriage
!Became Queen
!Became Empress
!Ceased to be Consort
!Death
!Spouse
|}

==Consorts of disputed Kings==
In addition to the above, the following women were the wives of men who made claim to the Kingship of Germany, but who are not recognised as official Kings:
* [[Adelheid of Savoy]] (d.1080). She was the wife of [[Rudolf of Rheinfeld]], anti-King between 1077 and 1080.
* [[Beatrice of Brabant]] (1225 – 11 November 1288). On 10 March 1241, she became the second wife of [[Henry Raspe]], anti-King between 1246 and 1247.
* [[Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d.1266). She was the wife of [[William II of Holland]], who was elected as an anti-King of Germany in 1247. He was crowned ''King of the Romans'' at Aachen in 1248, and married Elizabeth in 1252.
* [[Sanchia of Provence]] (1225–1261) and [[Beatrice of Falkenburg]] (d.1277). They were the second and third (m.1269) wives respectively of [[Richard of Cornwall]], who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in 1257, in the hope that he would reestablish order in Germany. He was crowned ''King of the Romans'' by the Pope at Aachen in 1257; with him was crowned Sanchia.
* [[Violant of Aragon]] (1236–1301). She was the wife of [[Alfonso X of Castile]], who claimed and was elected as anti-King to the German throne in 1257 as a grandson of [[Philip of Swabia]]. Alfonso never visited Germany, held no authority there, and relinquished his claims in 1275.
* [[Elisabeth von Hohnstein]] (died c. 4 April 1380). She was the wife of [[Günther von Schwarzburg]], who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in place of [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] on 30 January 1348, but who was forced to resign his claims by [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] on 24 May 1349.

==See also==
* [[List of Holy Roman Empresses]]
* [[List of German monarchs]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Royal consorts of Germany))

((DEFAULTSORT:List of German queens))
[[Category:German queens consort| ]]
[[Category:Lists of queens|German]]

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Return to List of German queens.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_queens"