Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

This is a list of notable high-voltage direct-current power transmission projects.

HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and joins two separate AC grids at a single point. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.

Legend

Converter technology:

Line status:

  Existing
  Under construction
  Planned
  Decommissioned

Africa

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Cahora Bassa Mozambique - Songo
15°36′41″S 32°44′59″E / 15.61139°S 32.74972°E / -15.61139; 32.74972 (Cahora Bassa Transmission - Songo Static Inverter Plant)		 South Africa - Apollo
25°55′11″S 28°16′34″E / 25.91972°S 28.27611°E / -25.91972; 28.27611 (Cahora Bassa Transmission - Apollo Static Inverter Plant)		 1420
(0/1420)		 533 1920 1979 Thyr First HVDC with Project up to 500kV
Siemens and ABB refurb 2013-2014 		[1][2][3]
Inga-Shaba Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kolwezi
10°39′27″S 25°27′08″E / 10.65750°S 25.45222°E / -10.65750; 25.45222 (Inga-Shaba - Kolwezi Static Inverter Plant)		 Democratic Republic of the Congo - Inga
05°31′27″S 13°36′39″E / 5.52417°S 13.61083°E / -5.52417; 13.61083 (Inga-Shaba - Inga Static Inverter Plant)		 1700
(0/1700)		 500 560 1982 Thyr Upgraded in 2014
Supplier: ABB, General Electric		 [1][4][5][6]
Caprivi Link Namibia - Gerus
20°18′53″S 16°27′9″E / 20.31472°S 16.45250°E / -20.31472; 16.45250 (Caprivi Link - Gerus Static Inverter Plant)		 Namibia - Zambezi
17°30′6″S 24°13′20″E / 17.50167°S 24.22222°E / -17.50167; 24.22222 (Caprivi Link - Zambezi Static Inverter Plant)		 950
(0/950)		 350 300 2010 IGBT Supplier: ABB [1][7]
Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC Interconnector Ethiopia - Wolayta
6°54′27″N 37°43′19″E / 6.90750°N 37.72194°E / 6.90750; 37.72194 (Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC Interconnector - Wolayta Static Inverter Plant)		 Kenya - Suswa
1°03′44″S 36°21′35″E / 1.06222°S 36.35972°E / -1.06222; 36.35972 (Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC Interconnector - Suswa Static Inverter Plant)		 1045
(0/1045)		 500 2000 On going (2022) Thyr Supplier: Siemens
Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project Morocco - Guelmim-Oued Noun region UK - Alverdiscott, Devon 3800 3600 Proposed (2022) Supplier: Xlinks [8]

[9]

Australia and Oceania

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km) 		Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
HVDC Inter-Island 1 New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E / 44.56528°S 170.19000°E / -44.56528; 170.19000 (Inter-Island - Benmore Static Inverter Plant)		 New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E / 41.15028°S 174.98111°E / -41.15028; 174.98111 (Inter-Island - Haywards Static Inverter Plant)		 611
(40/571)		 270 600 1965 Merc Built as 250 kV 600 MW link
Paralleled to operate at 270 kV as positive pole with HVDC Inter-Island 2 in 1992.
Partially decommissioned in 2007, fully decommissioned in August 2012.
Supplier: ABB 		[1]
HVDC Inter-Island 2 New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E / 44.56528°S 170.19000°E / -44.56528; 170.19000 (Inter-Island - Benmore Static Inverter Plant)		 New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E / 41.15028°S 174.98111°E / -41.15028; 174.98111 (Inter-Island - Haywards Static Inverter Plant)		 611
(40/571)		 350 700 1992 Thyr Negative pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 3 (previously HVDC Inter-Island 1)
Restricted to 500 MW due to cable rating.
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
Terranora interconnector (Directlink) Australia - Mullumbimby
28°34′15″S 153°27′8″E / 28.57083°S 153.45222°E / -28.57083; 153.45222 (Directlink - Mullumbimby Static Inverter Plant)		 Australia - Bungalora
28°15′20″S 153°28′20″E / 28.25556°S 153.47222°E / -28.25556; 153.47222 (Directlink - Bungalora Static Inverter Plant)		 59
(59/0)		 80 180 2000 IGBT Land cable
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
Murraylink Australia - Red Cliffs
34°17′31″S 142°14′19″E / 34.29194°S 142.23861°E / -34.29194; 142.23861 (Red Cliffs Static Inverter Plant)		 Australia - Berri
34°14′17″S 140°36′01″E / 34.23806°S 140.60028°E / -34.23806; 140.60028 (Berri Static Inverter Plant)		 176
(176/0)		 150 200 2002 IGBT Underground XLPE cable
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
Basslink Australia - Loy Yang
38°15′45″S 146°36′29″E / 38.26250°S 146.60806°E / -38.26250; 146.60806 (Basslink - LoyYang Static Inverter Plant)		 Australia - George Town
41°6′53″S 146°53′31″E / 41.11472°S 146.89194°E / -41.11472; 146.89194 (Basslink - GeorgeTown Static Inverter Plant)		 370 (298/72) 400 500 2006 Thyr One of the longest HVDC cable in operation
Supplier: Siemens		 [1][10][11]
HVDC Inter-Island 3 New Zealand - Benmore
44°33′55″S 170°11′24″E / 44.56528°S 170.19000°E / -44.56528; 170.19000 (Inter-Island - Benmore Static Inverter Plant)		 New Zealand - Haywards
41°9′1″S 174°58′52″E / 41.15028°S 174.98111°E / -41.15028; 174.98111 (Inter-Island - Haywards Static Inverter Plant)		 611
(40/571)		 350 735 2013 Thyr Positive pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 2
Supplier: Siemens		 [12]
Australia–ASEAN Power Link Australia - Darwin Singapore 4200 undersea
800 overland		 2027 aka Sun Cable
Marinus link Australia - Burnie Australia - Latrobe Valley Approximately 340 (90/250) 750 + 750 late 2020s [13]

Asia

Name Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Hokkaido - Honshu Japan - Hakodate
41°55′55″N 140°39′47″E / 41.93194°N 140.66306°E / 41.93194; 140.66306 (Hokkaido-Honshu Transmission - Hakodate Static Inverter Plant)		 Japan - Kamikita
40°48′06″N 141°11′52″E / 40.80167°N 141.19778°E / 40.80167; 141.19778 (Hokkaido-Honshu Transmission - Kamikita Static Inverter Plant)		 193
(44/149)		 250 300 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Hitachi, Toshiba [1]
Zhou Shan China - Ningbo
29°55′25″N 121°46′51″E / 29.92361°N 121.78083°E / 29.92361; 121.78083 (HVDC Zhoushan - Ningbo Static Inverter Plant?)		 China - Gao Tongge
30°02′13″N 122°04′03″E / 30.03694°N 122.06750°E / 30.03694; 122.06750 (HVDC Zhoushan - Gao Tongge Static Inverter Plant?)		 54
(12/42)		 100 50 1982 Thyr [1]
Gezhouba - Shanghai China - Gezhouba Dam
30°43′44″N 111°14′39″E / 30.72889°N 111.24417°E / 30.72889; 111.24417 (GeSha - Gezhouba Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Nan Qiao
30°57′22″N 121°24′48″E / 30.95611°N 121.41333°E / 30.95611; 121.41333 (GeSha - Nan Qiao Static Inverter Plant)		 1046
(0/1046)		 500 1200 1989 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Hubei - Shanghai in most part of its track

Supplier: ABB, Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[14]
Sileru-Barsoor India - Sileru
17°52′01″N 81°39′21″E / 17.86694°N 81.65583°E / 17.86694; 81.65583 (Sileru-Barsoor Transmission - Sileru Static Inverter Plant)		 India - Barsoor
19°8′20″N 81°23′47″E / 19.13889°N 81.39639°E / 19.13889; 81.39639 (Sileru-Barsoor Transmission - Barsoor Static Inverter Plant)		 196
(0/196)		 200 100 1989 Thyr Supplier: BHEL [1]
Ekibastuz–Tambov Kazakhstan - Ekibastuz
51°48′57″N 75°18′58″E / 51.81583°N 75.31611°E / 51.81583; 75.31611 (HVDC Ekibastuz-Centre - Ekibastuz HVDC Static Inverter Plant)		 Russia - Tambov
52°46′25″N 41°19′17″E / 52.77361°N 41.32139°E / 52.77361; 41.32139 (Tambov Substation ( planned terminal of HVDC Ekibastuz–Centre))		 2414
(0/2414)		 750 6000 - Thyr Construction sites abandoned around 1990 owing to collapse of Soviet Union, line was never completed
Rihand-Delhi India - Rihand
24°01′13″N 82°47′21″E / 24.02028°N 82.78917°E / 24.02028; 82.78917 (Rihand-Delhi Transmission - Rihand Static Inverter Plant)		 India - Dadri
28°35′36″N 77°36′16″E / 28.59333°N 77.60444°E / 28.59333; 77.60444 (Rihand-Delhi Transmission - Dadri Static Inverter Plant)		 814
(0/814)		 500 1500 1990 Thyr Supplier: ABB, BHEL [15]
Haenam-Cheju South Korea - Haenam
34°22′03″N 126°35′34″E / 34.36750°N 126.59278°E / 34.36750; 126.59278 (Haenam-Cheju Transmission - Haenam Static Inverter Plant)		 South Korea - Jeju
33°32′06″N 126°35′44″E / 33.53500°N 126.59556°E / 33.53500; 126.59556 (Haenam-Cheju Transmission - Jeju Static Inverter Plant)		 101
(101/0)		 180 300 1996 Thyr Supplier: Alstom [1]
Leyte - Luzon Philippines - Ormoc, Leyte
11°5′19″N 124°38′21″E / 11.08861°N 124.63917°E / 11.08861; 124.63917 (Leyte-Luzon Transmission - Ormoc Static Inverter Plant)		 Philippines - Naga, Camarines Sur
13°36′40″N 123°14′19″E / 13.61111°N 123.23861°E / 13.61111; 123.23861 (Leyte-Luzon Transmission - Naga Static Inverter Plant)		 451
(21/430)		 350 440 1998 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Marubeni

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[1]
Chandrapur-Padghe India - Chandrapur
20°0′36″N 79°17′06″E / 20.01000°N 79.28500°E / 20.01000; 79.28500 (Chandrapur-Padghe Transmission - Chandrapur converter station)		 India - Padghe
19°21′26″N 73°11′18″E / 19.35722°N 73.18833°E / 19.35722; 73.18833 (Chandrapur-Padghe Transmission - Padghe converter station)		 752
(0/752)		 500 1500 1999 Thyr Supplier: ABB [16]
Kii Channel Japan - Anan
33°49′40″N 134°38′14″E / 33.82778°N 134.63722°E / 33.82778; 134.63722 (Kii Channel Crossing - Anan Static Inverter Plant)		 Japan - Kihoku
34°12′50″N 135°30′07″E / 34.21389°N 135.50194°E / 34.21389; 135.50194 (Kii Channel Crossing - Kihoku Static Inverter Plant)		 100
(50/50)		 250 1400 2000 Thyr Supplier: Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi [1]
Tian-Guang China - Tianshengqiao
24°54′56″N 105°05′47″E / 24.91556°N 105.09639°E / 24.91556; 105.09639 (HVDC Tian-Guang Tianshengqiao Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Beijiao
23°18′58″N 113°15′05″E / 23.31611°N 113.25139°E / 23.31611; 113.25139 (HVDC Tian-Guang Beijiao Static Inverter Plant)		 960
(0/960)		 500 1800 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[1]
Thailand-Malaysia Thailand - Khlong Ngae
6°42′56″N 100°27′8″E / 6.71556°N 100.45222°E / 6.71556; 100.45222 (Thailand-Malaysia Transmission - Khlong Ngae Static Inverter Plant)		 Malaysia - Gurun
5°48′45″N 100°32′6″E / 5.81250°N 100.53500°E / 5.81250; 100.53500 (Thailand-Malaysia Transmission - Gurun Static Inverter Plant)		 110
(0/110)		 300 300 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Shengsi China - Shengsi
30°42′06″N 122°26′22″E / 30.70167°N 122.43944°E / 30.70167; 122.43944 (HVDC Shengsi - Shengsi Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Anabasis Sizu
30°51′56″N 121°50′25″E / 30.86556°N 121.84028°E / 30.86556; 121.84028 (HVDC Shengsi - Anabasis Sizu Static Inverter Plant)		 66.2
(63.21/2.99)		 50 60 2002 Thyr [17]
Talcher-Kolar India - Talcher, Odisha
21°06′01″N 85°03′49″E / 21.10028°N 85.06361°E / 21.10028; 85.06361 (Talcher-Kolar HVDC system - Talcher converter station)		 India - Kolar, Karnataka
13°10′39″N 78°7′0″E / 13.17750°N 78.11667°E / 13.17750; 78.11667 (Talcher-Kolar HVDC system - Kolar converter station)		 1450
(0/1450)		 500 2500 2003 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Three Gorges - Changzhou China - Longquan
30°47′6″N 111°31′48″E / 30.78500°N 111.53000°E / 30.78500; 111.53000 (Three Gorges-Changzhou Transmission - Longquan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Zhengping
31°36′42″N 119°59′27″E / 31.61167°N 119.99083°E / 31.61167; 119.99083 (Three Gorges-Changzhou Transmission - Zhengping Static Inverter Plant)		 890
(0/890)		 500 3000 2003 Thyr From north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid
Supplier: ABB, Siemens. Sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Hubei-Shanghai		 [1][18][19]
Guizhou - Guangdong I China - Anshun, Guizhou
26°16′23″N 105°48′21″E / 26.27306°N 105.80583°E / 26.27306; 105.80583 (GuG I - Anshun Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong
22°54′57″N 112°29′11″E / 22.91583°N 112.48639°E / 22.91583; 112.48639 (GuG I - Zhaoqing Static Inverter Plant)		 980
(0/980)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Three Gorges - Guangdong China - Jingzhou
30°27′26″N 112°08′18″E / 30.45722°N 112.13833°E / 30.45722; 112.13833 (Three Gorges-Guangdong Transmission - Jingzhou Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Huizhou
23°16′15″N 114°12′5″E / 23.27083°N 114.20139°E / 23.27083; 114.20139 (Three Gorges-Guangdong Transmission - Huizhou Static Inverter Plant)		 940
(0/940)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][20]
Three Gorges - Shanghai China - Yidu
30°31′45″N 111°22′35″E / 30.52917°N 111.37639°E / 30.52917; 111.37639 (Three Gorges-Shanghai Transmission - Yidu Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Shanghai
31°14′13″N 121°11′13″E / 31.23694°N 121.18694°E / 31.23694; 121.18694 (Three Gorges-Shanghai Transmission - Shanghai Static Inverter Plant)		 1060
(0/1060)		 500 3000 2006 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][21]
Guizhou - Guangdong II China - Xingren
25°27′56″N 105°15′14″E / 25.46556°N 105.25389°E / 25.46556; 105.25389 (GuG II - Xingren Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Shenzhen
22°45′1″N 113°59′28″E / 22.75028°N 113.99111°E / 22.75028; 113.99111 (GuG II - Shenzhen Static Inverter Plant)		 1200
(0/1200)		 500 3000 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Yunnan - Guangdong [1]
Ballia - Bhiwadi India - Ballia
26°04′16″N 83°42′48″E / 26.07111°N 83.71333°E / 26.07111; 83.71333 (HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi - Ballia Static Inverter Plant)		 India - Bhiwadi
28°11′0″N 76°48′58″E / 28.18333°N 76.81611°E / 28.18333; 76.81611 (HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi - Bhiwadi Static Inverter Plant)		 800
(0/800)		 500 2500 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Baoji - Deyang China - Baoji
34°34′47″N 107°19′49″E / 34.57972°N 107.33028°E / 34.57972; 107.33028 (HVDC Baoji-Deyang - Baoji Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Denyang
31°19′22″N 104°34′51″E / 31.32278°N 104.58083°E / 31.32278; 104.58083 (HVDC Baoji-Deyang - Deyang Static Inverter Plant)		 574
(0/574)		 500 3000 2010 Thyr ???
Hulunbeir - Liaoning China - Hulunbeir
48°31′04″N 119°43′30″E / 48.51778°N 119.72500°E / 48.51778; 119.72500 (HVDC Hulunbeir-Liaoning - Hulunbeir Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Shenyang
41°07′25″N 122°46′44″E / 41.12361°N 122.77889°E / 41.12361; 122.77889 (HVDC Hulunbeir-Liaoning - Shenyang Static Inverter Plant)		 920
(0/920)		 500 3000 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][22]
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai China - Fulong
28°32′47″N 104°25′04″E / 28.54639°N 104.41778°E / 28.54639; 104.41778 (Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system – Fulong converter station)		 China - Fengxia
30°55′32″N 121°46′16″E / 30.92556°N 121.77111°E / 30.92556; 121.77111 (Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system – Fengxia converter station) 		1980
(0/1980)		 800 6400 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][23]
Yunnan - Guangdong China - Yunnan province
25°11′24″N 102°11′30″E / 25.19000°N 102.19167°E / 25.19000; 102.19167 (HVDC Yunnan - Chuxiong Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Zengcheng
23°15′19″N 113°40′44″E / 23.25528°N 113.67889°E / 23.25528; 113.67889 (HVDC Yunnan–Guangdong - Zengcheng Static Inverter Plant)		 1418
(0/1418)		 800 5000 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Guizhou - Guangdong II

highlight: worldwide first dc 800kv hvdc application

[1]
Hubei - Shanghai China - Jingmen
30°49′21″N 112°07′15″E / 30.82250°N 112.12083°E / 30.82250; 112.12083 (HVDC Hubei - Shanghai - Jingmen Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Fenjing
30°52′00″N 121°00′58″E / 30.86667°N 121.01611°E / 30.86667; 121.01611 (HVDC Hubei - Shanghai - Fenjing Static Inverter Plant)		 970
(0/970)		 500 3000 2011 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Gezhouba - Shanghai in most part of its track, sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Shanghai-Changzhou ???
Nanhui Wind Farm Integration China China 8.4
(8.4/0)		 30 18 2011 IGBT Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [24]
Ningdong - Shandong China - Yinchuan
38°06′56″N 106°30′55″E / 38.11556°N 106.51528°E / 38.11556; 106.51528 (HVDC Ningxia-Shandong - Yinchuan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Qingdao
36°18′41″N 119°52′53″E / 36.31139°N 119.88139°E / 36.31139; 119.88139 (HVDC Ningxia-Shandong - Qingdao Static Inverter Plant)		 1335
(0/1335)		 660 4000 2011 Thyr Supplier:Alstom; C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [1]
Qinghai - Tibet China - Geermu
36°21′20″N 95°11′05″E / 36.35556°N 95.18472°E / 36.35556; 95.18472 (HVDC Qinghai-Tibet - Geermu Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Lhasa
29°52′39″N 91°11′44″E / 29.87750°N 91.19556°E / 29.87750; 91.19556 (HVDC Qinghai-Tibet - Lhasa Static Inverter Plant)		 1038
(0/1038)		 400 1500 2011 Thyr Powerline reaches altitudes up to 5300 m above sea level
Supplier: CET, SGCC		 [1]
Mundra - Haryana India - Mundra
22°49′46″N 69°33′22″E / 22.82944°N 69.55611°E / 22.82944; 69.55611 (HVDC Mundra-Haryana - Mundra Static Inverter Plant)		 India - Mohindergarh 28°21′40″N 76°12′56″E / 28.36111°N 76.21556°E / 28.36111; 76.21556 (HVDC Mundra-Haryana - Mohindergarh Static Inverter Plant) 960
(0/960)		 500 2500 2012 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Dalian City Infeed China - Dalian North China - Dalian South 43
(43/0)		 320 1000 2013 IGBT [25]
Jinping - Sunan China - Jinping
27°50′11″N 102°08′30″E / 27.83639°N 102.14167°E / 27.83639; 102.14167 (HVDC Jinping-Sunan - Jinping Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Suzhou
31°03′44″N 120°37′20″E / 31.06222°N 120.62222°E / 31.06222; 120.62222 (HVDC Jinping-Sunan - Suzhou Static Inverter Plant)		 2090
(0/2090)		 800 7200 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB, C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

ACC Provided by NR Electric in Jinping Converter Station

[26]
Nanao Multi-terminal VSC HVDC China - Sucheng
23°26′40″N 116°48′50″E / 23.44444°N 116.81389°E / 23.44444; 116.81389 (HVDC Nanao - Sucheng Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Jinniu
23°26′14″N 117°01′36″E / 23.43722°N 117.02667°E / 23.43722; 117.02667 (HVDC Nanao - Jinniu Static Inverter Plant); China - Qingao
23°25′46″N 117°07′45″E / 23.42944°N 117.12917°E / 23.42944; 117.12917 (HVDC Nanao - Qingao Static Inverter Plant)		 32
(10/32)		 ±160 200/100/50 2013 IEGT/IGBT SEPRI (Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid) is technically responsible for the entire project. Multiple suppliers are involved: three different VSC HVDC valve suppliers, two different HVDC land/sea cable suppliers and three different control & protection system/equipment suppliers. [27][28]
Nuozhadu - Guangdong China - Nuozhadu
22°39′20″N 100°40′00″E / 22.65556°N 100.66667°E / 22.65556; 100.66667 (HVDC Nuozhadu Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Jiangmen
22°42′33″N 112°52′12″E / 22.70917°N 112.87000°E / 22.70917; 112.87000 (HVDC Jiangmen Static Inverter Plant)		 1413 800 6400 2013 Thyr ???
Xiluodo - Guangdong China - Zhaotong
28°07′21″N 104°22′27″E / 28.12250°N 104.37417°E / 28.12250; 104.37417 (HVDC Xiluodu Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Conghua
23°34′00″N 113°27′03″E / 23.56667°N 113.45083°E / 23.56667; 113.45083 (HVDC Conghua Static Inverter Plant)		 1286
(0/1286)		 500 6400 2013 Thyr ???
Hami - Zhengzhou China-Hami
42°35′20″N 93°27′46″E / 42.58889°N 93.46278°E / 42.58889; 93.46278 (HVDC Hami Static Inverter Plant)		 China-Zhengzhou
34°48′46″N 114°03′24″E / 34.81278°N 114.05667°E / 34.81278; 114.05667 (HVDC Zhengzhou Static Inverter Plant)		 2210 800 8000 2014 Thyr Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

[29][30][31][32][33][34]
Jindo - Jeju South Korea - Jindo
34°23′08″N 126°11′14″E / 34.38556°N 126.18722°E / 34.38556; 126.18722 (HVDC Jindo–Jeju - Jindo Static Inverter Plant)		 South Korea - Jeju
33°27′17″N 126°28′25″E / 33.45472°N 126.47361°E / 33.45472; 126.47361 (HVDC Jindo–Jeju - Jeju Static Inverter Plant)		 105
(105/0)		 250 400 2014 Thyr Supplier: Alstom (converter stations), LS Cable and System (cables). [1][35][36]
Xiluodo - West Zhejiang China - Xiluodu
28°27′37″N 104°20′20″E / 28.46028°N 104.33889°E / 28.46028; 104.33889 (HVDC Shuanglong Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Jinghua
28°53′46″N 119°43′00″E / 28.89611°N 119.71667°E / 28.89611; 119.71667 (HVDC Wuyi Static Inverter Plant)		 1680 800 8000 2014 Thyr Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd ???
Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection China - Zhoushan
30°09′07″N 121°59′29″E / 30.15194°N 121.99139°E / 30.15194; 121.99139 (HVDC Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands - Zhoushan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Qushan
30°25′26″N 122°16′48″E / 30.42389°N 122.28000°E / 30.42389; 122.28000 (HVDC Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands - Qushan Static Inverter Plant) ; China - Daishan
30°19′37″N 122°11′35″E / 30.32694°N 122.19306°E / 30.32694; 122.19306 (HVDC Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands - Daishan Static Inverter Plant) ; China - Yangshan
30°36′26″N 122°07′40″E / 30.60722°N 122.12778°E / 30.60722; 122.12778 (HVDC Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands - Yangshan Static Inverter Plant) ; China - Sijiao
30°41′45″N 122°25′50″E / 30.69583°N 122.43056°E / 30.69583; 122.43056 (HVDC Zhejiang Zhoushan Islands - Sijiao Static Inverter Plant)		 134
(134/0)		 ±200 400 2014 IGBT Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

[37]
Humeng - Shandong China China 800 6400 2015 Thyr ???
Irkutsk - Beijing Russia - Irkutsk China - Beijing 800 6400 2015 Thyr ???
Champa-Kurukshetra India - Champa India - Kurukshetra 1365
(0/1365)		 800 2 x 3000 2016 Thyr 2 Bipoles. Supplier: Alstom [38]
Goupitan - Guangdong China China 3000 2016 Thyr ???
Jinsha River II - East China China China 800 6400 2016 Thyr ???
North-East India - Agra
27°05′01″N 78°04′22″E / 27.08361°N 78.07278°E / 27.08361; 78.07278 (HVDC Biswanath-Agra - Agra Static Inverter Plant)		 India - Biswanath
26°44′23″N 93°13′09″E / 26.73972°N 93.21917°E / 26.73972; 93.21917 (HVDC Biswanath Static Inverter Plant)		 1728
(0/1728)		 800 6000 2016 Thyr Will supply electricity to serve 90 million people
Bipole Ultra high voltage, multiterminal (intermediate converter station at Alipurdauar 26°29′23″N 89°27′41″E / 26.48972°N 89.46139°E / 26.48972; 89.46139 (HVDC Biswanath-Agra))
Supplier: ABB		 [39]
New HVDC Hokkaido-Honshu Japan - Imabetsu
41°08′01″N 140°30′46″E / 41.13361°N 140.51278°E / 41.13361; 140.51278 (New Hokkaido-Honshu Transmission - Imabetsu Static Inverter Plant)		 Japan - Hokuto
41°54′57″N 140°35′07″E / 41.91583°N 140.58528°E / 41.91583; 140.58528 (New Hokkaido-Honshu Transmission - Hokuto Static Inverter Plant)		 122
(24/98)		 250 300 2019 IGBT suppliers: Toshiba [40][41]
Matiari to Lahore Transmission Line Project Pakistan - Matiari, Sindh Pakistan - Lahore, Punjab 878 660 4000 2021 Thyr ±660 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter/ Grounding Electrode Stations [42]
Inner Mongolia - Linyi China - Shizhustan
38°46′40″N 106°52′00″E / 38.77778°N 106.86667°E / 38.77778; 106.86667 (HVDC Shizhustan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Linyi
35°33′07″N 118°37′07″E / 35.55194°N 118.61861°E / 35.55194; 118.61861 (HVDC Linyi Static Inverter Plant)		 800 6400 2017 Thyr ???
Jiuquan- Xiangtan China - Qiaowan
40°36′03″N 96°43′22″E / 40.60083°N 96.72278°E / 40.60083; 96.72278 (HVDC Qiaowan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Xiangtan
27°38′55″N 112°47′25″E / 27.64861°N 112.79028°E / 27.64861; 112.79028 (HVDC Xiangtan Static Inverter Plant)		 800 6400 2017 Thyr Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

???
North Shanxi - Nanjing China - North Shanxi
39°39′35″N 112°27′45″E / 39.65972°N 112.46250°E / 39.65972; 112.46250 (HVDC North Shanxi Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Nanjing
32°54′47″N 118°35′33″E / 32.91306°N 118.59250°E / 32.91306; 118.59250 (HVDC Nanjing Static Inverter Plant)		 2017 Thyr ???
Northwest Yunnan - Guangdong China - Xinsong
26°24′55″N 99°49′12″E / 26.41528°N 99.82000°E / 26.41528; 99.82000 (HVDC Xinsong Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Dongfang
22°44′17″N 113°52′07″E / 22.73806°N 113.86861°E / 22.73806; 113.86861 (HVDC Dongfang Static Inverter Plant)		 1953 800 5000 2018 Thyr ???
Xilin Hot - Taizhou China - Xilin Hot
44°14′40″N 116°30′22″E / 44.24444°N 116.50611°E / 44.24444; 116.50611 (HVDC Xilin Hot Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Taizhou
33°07′25″N 119°58′05″E / 33.12361°N 119.96806°E / 33.12361; 119.96806 (HVDC Taizhou Static Inverter Plant)		 800 10000 2017 Thyr ???
Yinchuan - Zhuji China - Yinchuan
37°43′45″N 106°32′22″E / 37.72917°N 106.53944°E / 37.72917; 106.53944 (HVDC Yinchuan Static Inverter Plant)		 China - Zhuji
29°56′25″N 120°13′12″E / 29.94028°N 120.22000°E / 29.94028; 120.22000 (HVDC Zhuji Static Inverter Plant)		 800 6400 2017 Thyr HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric ???
Dianxibei - Guangdong China-Lijiang China-Zhengzhen 1928/0 800 5000 2017 Thyr Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd ???
Jinsha River II - Fujian China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr ???
Humeng - Liaoning China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr ???
Rudong Offshore Wind Connector China - Jiangsu Rudong China - Jiangsu Rudong Platform 100
(100/0)		 400 1100 2022 IGBT Suppliers: XJ and RXHK for valve, ZTT Cable
Sheyang Offshore Wind Connector China - Jiangsu Sheyang China - Jiangsu Sheyang Platform 83
(83/0)		 250 1100 2022 IGBT
Zhangbei DC Grid Project China - Beijing China - Zhangbei
China - Fengning
China - Kangbao
495
(0/495)		 500 3000/3000/1500/1500 2021 IGBT Four terminal DC Grid

Suppliers: NR Electric, others

[43]
Wudongde multi-terminal UHVDC demonstration project China - Yunnan China - Guangxi
China - Guangdong		 1489
(0/1489)		 800 8000/3000/5000 2021 Thyr/IGBT Three terminal Hybrid DC system, Yunnan (Thyristor), Guangdong and Guangxi (IGBT)
Raigarh-Pugalur India - Raigarh
21°51′21″N 83°21′01″E / 21.85583°N 83.35028°E / 21.85583; 83.35028 (HVDC Raigarh - Raigarh Static Rectifier Plant)		 India - Pugalur
10°49′33″N 77°32′13″E / 10.82583°N 77.53694°E / 10.82583; 77.53694 (HVDC Pugalur Static Inverter Plant)		 1830
800 6000 2019 Thyr Supplier: ABB [44]
CASA-1000 Tajikistan - Sangtuda Pakistan - Nowshera 750 500 1300 2025 Thyr ±500 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter Stations [45][46]
India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection Madurai - India Anurathapura - Sri Lanka 285 ±320 500/1000 2030 IGBT [47][48]

Europe

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Malta–Sicily interconnector Malta Italy - Ragusa, Sicily 95 220 200 2015

Damaged and repaired in 2019 and again in 2022[49]

Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission Germany - Miesbach Germany - Munich 58
(0/58)		 2 0.0025 1882 Single machine Demonstration facility

Dismantled

Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme Italy - Gorzente River Italy - Genoa ? 6 ? 1889 Thury Upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km

Dismantled

La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme Switzerland - ? Switzerland - ? ? 14 ? 1897 Thury Dismantled
St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme Switzerland - St. Maurice Switzerland - Lausanne ? 22 3.7 1899 Thury Dismantled
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme France - Lyon France - Moutiers 200
(10/190)		 75 30 1906 Thury Dismantled in 1936
Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme UK - Wilesden UK - Ironbridge ? 100 ? 1910 Thury Dismantled
Chambéry DC transmission scheme France - ? France - ? ? 150 ? 1925 Thury Dismantled in 1937
HVDC Zurich-Wettingen Switzerland - Wettingen 47°27′25″N 8°19′15″E / 47.45694°N 8.32083°E / 47.45694; 8.32083 (Zurich-Wettingen Transmission - Wettingen Hydroelectric Power Plant) Switzerland - Zurich 20
(0/20)		 50 0.5 1939 Merc Experimental facility built by BBC

Dismantled

HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg 4.6
(0/4.6)		 100 14 1942 Merc Experimental facility built by Siemens

Dismantled in 1945

Lehrte-Misburg HVDC Germany - Lehrte 52°22′54″N 9°55′03″E / 52.38167°N 9.91750°E / 52.38167; 9.91750 (Lehrte-Misburg Transmission - Lehrte Substation) Germany - Hannover/Misburg ? 80 16 1944 Merc Experimental facility

Dismantled

Elbe-Project Germany - Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E / 51.84444; 12.36389 (Elbe-Project - Vockerode Static Inverter Plant (today workshop)) Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E / 52.43028; 13.37833 (Elbe-Project - Marienfelde Static Inverter Plant (demolished, today hardware store) 115
(115/0)		 200 60 1945 Merc Never placed in service

Dismantled

HVDC Trollhättan-Mellerud Sweden - Trollhättan Sweden - Mellerud 50
(0/50)		 45 6.5 1946 Merc Experimental facility built by ASEA

Dismantled

Moscow–Kashira Russia - Moscow 55°39′32″N 37°38′16″E / 55.65889°N 37.63778°E / 55.65889; 37.63778 (Moscow-Kashira - Moscow Static Inverter Plant) Russia - Kashira 100
(100/0)		 200 30 1951 Merc Built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project

Shut down

[1]
Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) 98
(98/0)		 200 20 1954 Merc World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986 [1][50]
Cross-Channel France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E / 50.69667; 1.63917 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Echingen Static Inverter Plant) UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E / 50.91500; 0.94722 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Lydd Static Inverter Plant) 64
(64/0)		 100 160 1961 Merc Shut down in 1984 [1]
Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E / 48.82611; 44.67222 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Volzhskaya Static Inverter Plant) Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E / 48.65361; 38.56556 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Mikhailovskaya Static Inverter Plant) 475
(0/475)		 400 750 1965 Merc/Thyr Shut down in 2014 [1]
Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E / 57.80417; 12.32028 (Konti-Skan 1 - Stenkullen Static Inverter Plant (dismantled)) 176
(87/89)		 250 250 1965 Merc Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors [1]
SACOI 1 Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant) 483
(365/118)		 200 200 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme.
The line reused by SACOI 2, see below.		 [1]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E / 51.41972; 0.59611 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Kingsnorth Static Inverter Plant) UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W / 51.37306; -0.12722 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Beddington Static Inverter Plant) 85
(85/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Bipolar scheme

Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987

[51]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth UK - London-Willesden 51°32′03″N 0°15′29″W / 51.53417°N 0.25806°W / 51.53417; -0.25806 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Willesden Static Inverter Plant) 111
(111/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Opposite pole of Kingsnorth - Beddington. Cable wholly underground except for Thames crossing - crossed on upstream side of Putney District line railway bridge
Skagerrak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) 230
(130/100)		 250 500 1977 Thyr   Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007 [52][53][54]
Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) 99.5
(92.9/6.6)		 150 130 1983 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new) France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E / 50.90306; 1.78472 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Les Mandarins Static Inverter Plant) UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E / 51.10583; 0.97556 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Sellindge Static Inverter Plant) 72
(72/0)		 270 2000 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems

Supplier: Alstom

[1][55]
Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) 98
(98/0)		 150 130 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E / 57.60667; 12.11111 (Konti-Skan - Lindome Static Inverter Plant) 147
(87/60)		 285 300 1988 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E / 60.40389; 18.13611 (Fenno-Skan - Dannebo Static Inverter Plant) 233
(200/33)		 400 500 1989 Thyr Supplier: ABB
SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant) 422
(118/304)		 200 300 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme

Supplier: Alstom

Skagerrak 3 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) 230
(130/100)		 350 440 1993 Thyr Supplier: Nexans ABB [52]
Baltic Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E / 53.89611; 10.80250 (Baltic-Cable - Lubeck-Herrenwyk Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E / 55.50028; 13.14583 (Baltic-Cable - Kruseberg Static Inverter Plant) 262
(250/12)		 450 600 1994 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Kontek Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E / 55.45028; 12.00750 (Kontek - Bjæverskov Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E / 54.10083; 12.21694 (Kontek - Bentwisch Static Inverter Plant) 170
(170/0)		 400 600 1996 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E / 60.04722; 15.14778 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Hellsjön Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E / 60.06472; 14.99417 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Grängesberg Static Inverter Plant) 10
(0/10)		 180 3 1997 IGBT Experimental HVDC

Supplier: ABB

Visby-Näs Sweden - Näs 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E / 57.09944; 18.24083 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Nas Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E / 57.62472; 18.35500 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Visby Static Inverter Plant) 70
(70/0)		 80 50 1999 Thyr  
SwePol Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E / 54.50222; 16.89111 (SwePol - Wierzbięcin (Slupsk) Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E / 56.15306; 14.84139 (SwePol - Stärnö Static Inverter Plant) 245
(245/0)		 450 600 2000 Thyr Supplier: ABB [56]
Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E / 55.44778; 8.59278 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Enge Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E / 55.46861; 8.56000 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Tjæreborg Static Inverter Plant) 4.3
(4.3/0)		 9 7 2000 IGBT Interconnection to wind power generating stations
Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E / 39.18333; 20.96333 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Arachthos Static Inverter Plant) Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E / 40.16472; 18.13028 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Galatina Static Inverter Plant) 310
(200/110)		 400 500 2001 Thyr  
Moyle UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W / 55.06944; -4.98056 (Moyle - Auchencrosh Static Inverter Plant) UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W / 54.84278; -5.76972 (Moyle - Ballycronan More Static Inverter Plant) 63.5
(63.5/0)		 250 500 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans [57]
HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E / 60.55028; 4.84056 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Kollsnes Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E / 60.66667; 3.66667 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Troll A Static Inverter Plant (situated on Troll A offshore platform)) 70
(70/0)		 60 80 2004 IGBT Power supply for offshore gas compressor

Supplier: ABB

[58]
Estlink Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E / 60.20389; 24.55167 (Estlink - Espoo Static Inverter Plant) Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E / 59.38472; 24.56028 (Estlink - Harku Static Inverter Plant) 105
(105/0)		 150 350 2006 IGBT Supplier: ABB [58]
NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E / 53.43444; 6.86583 (NorNed - Eemshaven Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E / 58.28278; 6.86528 (NorNed - Feda Static Inverter Plant) 580
(580/0)		 450 700 2008 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Nexans [58]
BritNed UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E / 51.44000; 0.71667 (HVDC Britned - Grain Static Inverter Plant) Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E / 51.95750; 4.02139 (HVDC Britned - Maasvlakte Static Inverter Plant) 245
(245/0)		 450 1000 2010 Thyr Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens [58][59]

[60][61]

StoreBælt Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E / 55.36694; 10.50694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Fraugde Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E / 55.53139; 11.31694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Herslev Static Inverter Plant) 56
(56/0)		 400 600 2010 Thyr Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens [58]
Cometa Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W / 39.64111; -0.23528 (Cometa - Morvedre HVDC Static Inverter) Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E / 39.53389; 2.50583 (Cometa - Santa Ponsa HVDC Static Inverter) 247
(247/0)		 250 400 2011 Thyr Expected completion 2011

Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables)

[58]
Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Finnböle 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E / 60.42500; 17.06167 (Fenno-Skan - Finnböle HVDC Static Inverter) 303
(200/103)		 500 800 2011 Thyr  
SAPEI Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E / 41.42972; 12.80694 (SAPEI - Latina Static Inverter Plant) Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E / 40.84139; 8.30583 (SAPEI - Fiume Santo Static Inverter Plant) 435
(435/0)		 500 1000 2011 Thyr The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB [58][62][63]
Valhall HVDC Norway - Lista 58°04′37″N 6°46′29″E / 58.07694°N 6.77472°E / 58.07694; 6.77472 (HVDC Valhall - Lista Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform 292
(292/0)		 150 78 2011 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Nexans   [64]
BorWin1 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Alpha platform 200
(200/0)		 ±150 400 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [65][66][67]
East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W / 53.47111; -6.56750 (East West Interconnector - Woodland HVDC Static Inverter) UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W / 53.22722; -3.07278 (East West Interconnector - Shotton HVDC Static Inverter) 130
(130/0)		 ±200 500 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [68]
Fenno-Skan 1 Upgrade Finland - Rauma Sweden - Finnböle 233
(200/33)		 400 500 2013 Thyr Upgrade

Supplier:ABB

[69][70][71]
Estlink 2 Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E / 60.37667; 25.36694 (Estlink 2 - Anttila Static Inverter Plant) Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E / 59.37028; 27.06806 (Estlink 2 - Püssi Static Inverter Plant) 171
(157/14)		 450 650 2014 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans
ÅL-link Finland - Naantali (sv:Nådendal) 60°27′49″N 22°03′49″E / 60.46361°N 22.06361°E / 60.46361; 22.06361 (HVDC Finland-Åland - Naantali Static Inverter Plant) Åland - Ytterby 158
(158/0)		 80 100 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [72][73][74]
BorWin2 Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E / 53.12500; 7.30806 (BorWin2 - Diele Static Inverter Plant) Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E / 54.35500; 6.02500 (BorWin2 - BorWin Beta platform) 200
(200/0)		 ±300 800 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [75]
DolWin1 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin1 - DolWin Alpha platform) 165
(165/0)		 ±320 800 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [76]
HelWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E / 54.45194; 7.73889 (HelWin1 - HelWin Alpha platform) 130
(130/0)		 ±250 576 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [77]
HelWin2 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin2 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E / 54.45306; 7.73889 (HelWin2 - HelWin Beta platform) 130
(130/0)		 ±320 690 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
INELFE France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E / 42.73222; 2.80389 (INELFE - Baixas Static Inverter Plant) Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E / 42.23306; 2.94417 (INELFE - Santa Llogaia Static Inverter Plant) 64
(64/0)		 ±320 2000 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8 km tunnel near HSR [78]

[79][80][81]

LitPol Link HVDC is B2B Lithuania - Alytus Poland - Elk 160
(0/160)		 70 500 20152[82] Thyr Supplier: ABB [83][84][85]
NordBalt Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E / 56.76778; 15.85417 (NordBalt - Nybro Static Inverter Plant) Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E / 55.68167; 21.25667 (NordBalt - Klaipeda Static Inverter Plant) 450
(450/0)		 300 700 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [86]
Skagerrak 4 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) 244
(244/0)		 500 700 2015 IGBT Suppliers: Nexans, ABB [87]
SylWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC SylWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E / 55.06306; 7.24111 (SylWin1 - SylWin Alpha platform) 205
(205/0)		 ±320 864 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [88]
Troll A 3&4 Norway - Kollsnes Norway - Troll A 3&4 platform 70
(70/0)		 66 100 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [89][90][91][92][93][94]
DolWin2 Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E / 52.98111; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E / 53.97806; 6.92306 (DolWin2 - DolWin Beta platform) 135
(135/0)		 ±320 900 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [95]
SydVästlänken Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E / 57.74778; 14.65528 (SydVästlänken - Barkeryd Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E / 55.83306; 13.60222 (SydVästlänken - Hurva Static Inverter Plant) 260
(197/63)		 ±300 2x720 2021 IGBT Supplier: Alstom
DolWin3 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin3 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin3 - DolWin Gamma platform) 160
(160/0)		 ±320 900 2017 IGBT Supplier: Alstom [96]
HVDC MON.ITA Project Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E / 42.39472; 14.12500 (HVDC MON.ITA Cepagatti Static Inverter Plant) Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E / 42.31750; 18.79472 (HVDC MON.ITA Lastva Grbaljska Static Inverter Plant) 415
(415/0)		 ±500 1000 2019 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables). [97][98][99]
Western HVDC Link UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W / 55.72111; -4.88528 (Western HVDC Link - Hunterston Static Inverter Plant) UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W / 53.23167; -3.03278 (Western HVDC Link - Flintshire Bridge Static Inverter Plant) 422
(422/0)		 600 2200 2017-18 Thyr Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens
First subsea 600kV link		 [100][101]
Caithness - Moray Link3 UK - Spittal 58°28′47″N 3°27′08″W / 58.47972°N 3.45222°W / 58.47972; -3.45222 (Caithness - Moray Link) UK - Blackhillock 57°31′24″N 2°56′55″W / 57.52333°N 2.94861°W / 57.52333; -2.94861 (Caithness - Moray Link) 160 320 1200 2018 IGBT Supplier: ABB [102][103]
BorWin3 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Gamma platform 200
(200/0)		 ±320 900 2019 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
COBRAcable Denmark - Endrup via Fanø 55°31′49″N 8°42′13″E / 55.53028°N 8.70361°E / 55.53028; 8.70361 (COBRAcable - Endrup Static Inverter Plant) Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′07″N 6°52′02″E / 53.43528°N 6.86722°E / 53.43528; 6.86722 (COBRAcable - Eemshaven Static Inverter Plant) 325 ±320 700 20194 IGBT Suppliers: Siemens, Prysmian, Cost € 449m [104][105][106][107][108]
ElecLink France - Les Mandarins UK - Sellindge 70 320 1000 2022 IGBT In the Channel Tunnel
Cost €580m		 [109][110]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 1 Norway - Haugsneset Norway - Johan Sverdrup platform 200
(200/0)		 ±80 100 2019 IGBT Supplier: ABB, NKT [111]
DolWin5 Germany - Emden/Ost Germany - DolWin Epsilon platform 130
(130/0)		 ±320 900 2024 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Aibel, Prysmian [112]
DolWin6 Germany - Emden/Ost Germany - DolWin Zetaplatform 90
(90/0)		 ±320 900 2023 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Prysmian [113]
France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel France, Grand-Île Italy, Piossasco 190 ±320 2x600 2019 IGBT Supplier: Alstom (converter stations); Prysmian (cables). [114][115][116][117]
Nemo Link Belgium - near Bruges UK - Richborough Energy Park 140
(140/0)		 400 1000 2019 IGBT Converter stations: Siemens, cables: J-power systems[118] [119][120]
ALEGrO Belgium - Visé Germany - Oberzier 100
(100/0)		 320 1000 20205 IGBT Converter stations: Siemens

Cables: General Cable

[121][122][123]

[124]

[125]

IFA-2 France - Tourbe, Normandie UK - Chilling, Hampshire 204 320 1000 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB [126][127][128][129]
NORD.LINK Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E / 58.66861; 6.75444 (Nordlink - Tonstad Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E / 53.92167; 9.34472 (Nordlink - Wilster Static Inverter Plant) 623
(570/53)		 525 1400 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB [130]
North Sea Link Norway - Kvilldal UK - Blyth 730
(730/0)		 515 1400 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Prysmian Group, Nexans, MACH 3 Control & Protection [131][132][133][134]
Ariadne Interconnection Greece – Athens Greece – Heraklion 335

(335/0)

500 1000 2024 [135]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 2 Norway - Haugsneset Norway - Johan Sverdrup platform 200
(200/0)		 ±80 200 2022 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, NKT [111]
FAB Link France - Menuel on Cherbourg Peninsula UK - Exeter via Alderney 210
(210/0)		 320 1400 2025 IGBT [136][137]
Shetland HVDC Connection UK - Upper Kergord 60°17′35″N 1°16′15″W / 60.29306°N 1.27083°W / 60.29306; -1.27083 (Shetland - Kergord Converter Station) UK - near Staxigoe 58°27′50″N 3°4′52″W / 58.46389°N 3.08111°W / 58.46389; -3.08111 (Shetland - Staxigoe Noss Head Switching Station) [138] 260
(260/0)		 320 600 20246 IGBT [139][140]
Western Isles HVDC connection UK - Arnish Point near Stornoway UK - Beauly 156 320 600 20217 [141]
EuroAsia Interconnector Israel - Hadera, via Cyprus - Kofinou Greece - Korakia, Crete 1208 500 2000 2027 [142][143]
Viking Link Denmark - Revsing UK - Bicker Fen 740 525 1400 2023 IGBT Suppliers: Siemens, Prysmian and NKT [144][145]
EuroAfrica Interconnector Egypt - Damietta - via Cyprus - Kofinou Greece - Korakia, Crete 1396 500 2000 2027 [146][147][148][149]
Eastern HVDC Link UK - Peterhead UK - Hawthorn 305 400 2000 2024 [150]
Celtic Interconnector Ireland France 575 500 700 2026 [151]
Dogger Bank A UK - Creyke Beck 53°48′33″N 0°25′1″W / 53.80917°N 0.41694°W / 53.80917; -0.41694 (Dogger Bank A - Creyke Beck Converter Station) UK - Dogger Bank A platform 207
(207/0)		 320 1200 2024 IGBT Suppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable [152][153]
Dogger Bank B UK - Creyke Beck 53°48′33″N 0°25′1″W / 53.80917°N 0.41694°W / 53.80917; -0.41694 (Dogger Bank B - Creyke Beck Converter Station) UK - Dogger Bank B platform 207
(207/0)		 320 1200 2024 IGBT Suppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable [152][153]
Greenlink Ireland – County Wexford UK – Pembrokeshire, Wales 200 320 500 2024
SüdOstLink Germany – Wolmirstedt Germany – Landshut 500 525 2000 2025 [154]
SuedLink DC3 Germany - Brunsbuettel

53°53'47.4"N 9°11'47.6"E

Germany - Grossgartach

49°08'36.2"N 9°09'03.9"E

700 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Suppliers: VSC substations: Siemens Energy, DC cable: nkt

Common project of Tennet TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project

SuedLink DC4 Germany - Wilster

53°55'14.3"N 9°20'34.8"E

Germany - Bergrheinfeld

49°59'22.4"N 10°09'02.9"E

550 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Supplier substations: tbd

dc cable: Prysmian Common project of TenneT TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project

NeuConnect Germany - Wilhelmshaven UK - Isle of Grain 725 ±525 1400 2028
Harmony Link Lithuania - Darbėnai Poland - Zarnowiec 330 ±320 700 2028
Tyrrhenian Link Italy – Battipaglia Italy – Sardinia 970 1000 2028 Connects mainland Italy to Sicily and Sardinia [155]
Adriatic Link Italy – Abruzzo Italy – Marche 250 1000 2028 [156]
Estlink 3 Finland Estonia 700–1000 2035

2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations.[157]
3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map[141]
4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016.
5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.
6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in.[158]
7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.

North America

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
HVDC Mechanicville–Schenectady USA - Mechanicville, NY
42°54′45″N 73°40′49″W / 42.91250°N 73.68028°W / 42.91250; -73.68028 (Mechanicville-Schenectaday Transmission - Mechanicville Hydroelectric Power Plant)		 USA - Schenectady, NY 37
(0/37)		 12 5 1932 Merc Experimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz

Dismantled after WW II

[159]
Vancouver Island 1 Canada - Delta, BC
49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W / 49.09194°N 123.04194°W / 49.09194; -123.04194 (Arnott Substation - Delta Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W / 48.82750°N 123.71528°W / 48.82750; -123.71528 (Vancouver Island Transmission - North Cowichan Static Inverter Plant)		 75
(42/33)		 260 312 1968 - 2014 Merc Supplier: ASEA [1]
Pacific DC Intertie USA - Celilo, OR
45°35′39″N 121°6′51″W / 45.59417°N 121.11417°W / 45.59417; -121.11417 (Pacific DC Intertie - Celilo Static Inverter Plant)		 USA - Sylmar, CA 34°18′39″N 118°29′21″W / 34.31083°N 118.48917°W / 34.31083; -118.48917 (Pacific DC Intertie - Sylmar Static Inverter Plant),
34°18′42″N 118°28′53″W / 34.31167°N 118.48139°W / 34.31167; -118.48139 (Pacific DC Intertie - Sylmar A Static Inverter Plant)		 1362
(0/1362)		 ±500 3100 1970 Thyr Transmission voltage ±400 kV until 1984
Maximum transmission power 1440 MW until 1982
From 1982 to 1984 1600 MW
From 1984 to 1989 2000 MW
Merc replaced by Thyr in 2004
Original supplier: ASEA, General Electric
In 1989 upgraded by ABB
In 2004 upgraded by ABB and Siemens		 [1][160][161]
Nelson River Bipole 1 Canada - Gillam, Manitoba
56°21′41″N 94°36′48″W / 56.36139°N 94.61333°W / 56.36139; -94.61333 (Nelson River Bipole 1 - Gillam Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
49°59′39″N 97°25′39″W / 49.99417°N 97.42750°W / 49.99417; -97.42750 (Nelson River Bipole 1 - Rosser Static Inverter Plant)		 895
(0/895)		 463.5 1854 1971 Thyr Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built
Original supplier: English Electric.
In 1992/1993, Pole 1 upgraded to Thyr by Alstom.
In 2004, Pole 2 upgraded to Thyr by Siemens.		 [1][162]
Vancouver Island 2 Canada - Delta, BC
49°5′31″N 123°2′31″W / 49.09194°N 123.04194°W / 49.09194; -123.04194 (Arnott Substation - Delta Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
48°49′39″N 123°42′55″W / 48.82750°N 123.71528°W / 48.82750; -123.71528 (Vancouver Island Terminal - North Cowichan Static Inverter Plant)		 75
(33/42)		 280 370 1977 - 2016 Thyr Supplier: General Electric [1]
Square Butte USA - Center, ND (Young)
47°4′18″N 101°11′45″W / 47.07167°N 101.19583°W / 47.07167; -101.19583 (Square Butte - Center Static Inverter Plant)		 USA - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead)
46°46′25″N 92°17′39″W / 46.77361°N 92.29417°W / 46.77361; -92.29417 (Square Butte - Arrowhead Static Inverter Plant)		 749
(0/749)		 250 500 1977 Thyr Supplier: General Electric In 2004 Control system upgrade by ABB [1][163][164]
Nelson River Bipole 2 Canada - Sundance, Manitoba
56°30′14″N 94°8′24″W / 56.50389°N 94.14000°W / 56.50389; -94.14000 (Nelson River Bipole 2 - Sundance Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
49°59′39″N 97°25′49″W / 49.99417°N 97.43028°W / 49.99417; -97.43028 (Nelson River Bipole 2 - Rosser Static Inverter Plant)		 940
(0/940)		 500 2000 1978-1985 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1][162]
CU USA - Underwood, ND
(Coal Creek)
47°22′24″N 101°9′23″W / 47.37333°N 101.15639°W / 47.37333; -101.15639 (CU - Coal Creek Static Inverter Plant)		 USA - Rockford, MN
(Dickinson)
45°6′40″N 93°48′36″W / 45.11111°N 93.81000°W / 45.11111; -93.81000 (CU - Rockford Static Inverter Plant)		 687
(0/687)		 400 1000 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB In 2004, control system upgrade by ABB [1][165]
Path 27 USA - Intermountain, UT
39°30′2″N 112°34′51″W / 39.50056°N 112.58083°W / 39.50056; -112.58083 (Intermountain Transmission - Intermountain Static Inverter Plant)		 USA - Adelanto, CA
34°33′4″N 117°26′14″W / 34.55111°N 117.43722°W / 34.55111; -117.43722 (Intermountain Transmission - Adelanto Static Inverter Plant)		 785
(0/785)		 ±500 1920 1986 Thyr  
Quebec - New England Transmission Canada - Radisson, Quebec
OpenStreetMap
53°43′33″N 77°44′17″W / 53.72583°N 77.73806°W / 53.72583; -77.73806 (Quebec-New England Transmission - Radisson Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - Nicolet, QC
46°04′47″N 72°14′58″W / 46.07972°N 72.24944°W / 46.07972; -72.24944 (Quebec-New England Transmission - Nicolet Static Inverter Plant);
USA - Ayer, MA
42°34′13″N 71°31′27″W / 42.57028°N 71.52417°W / 42.57028; -71.52417 (Quebec-New England Transmission - Sandy Pond Static Inverter Plant)		 1105
(5/1100)		 450 2250 1991 Thyr 3 terminals[dubious – discuss]
Converter stations near Windsor, Quebec and Monroe, New Hampshire were decommissioned in 2007.

Supplier: ABB

[1]
Cross Sound Cable USA - New Haven, Connecticut
41°17′12″N 72°54′8″W / 41.28667°N 72.90222°W / 41.28667; -72.90222 (Cross Sound Cable - New Haven Static Inverter Plant)		 USA - Shoreham, New York
40°57′33″N 72°52′3″W / 40.95917°N 72.86750°W / 40.95917; -72.86750 (Cross Sound Cable - Shoreham Static Inverter Plant)		 40
(40/0)		 150 330 2002 IGBT Buried underwater cable
Supplier: ABB 		[166]
Neptune Cable USA - Long Island (Hicksville) NY
40°45′38″N 73°33′4″W / 40.76056°N 73.55111°W / 40.76056; -73.55111 (Neptune - Hicksville Static Inverter Plant)		 USA -Sayreville, NJ
40°28′25.38″N 74°21′11.1″W / 40.4737167°N 74.353083°W / 40.4737167; -74.353083 (Neptune - Sayreville Static Inverter Plant)		 105
(105/0)		 500 660 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [167]
Trans Bay Cable USA - Pittsburg, California
38°01′51″N 121°53′48″W / 38.03083°N 121.89667°W / 38.03083; -121.89667 (Trans Bay Cable - East Bay Converter Station)		 USA - San Francisco, CA
37°45′17″N 122°23′09″W / 37.75472°N 122.38583°W / 37.75472; -122.38583 (Trans Bay Cable - San Francisco Converter Station)		 85
(85/0)		 200 400 2010 IGBT First HVDC system using Modular Multi-Level Converter

Supplier: Siemens, Pirelli

[168][169][170]
Eastern Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Newell, AB 50°30′41″N 112°01′02″W / 50.51139°N 112.01722°W / 50.51139; -112.01722 (Eastern Alberta Transmission Line - Newell Static Inverter Plant) Canada – Heathfield, AB 53°51′28″N 113°13′52″W / 53.85778°N 113.23111°W / 53.85778; -113.23111 (Eastern Alberta Transmission Line - Heathfield Static Inverter Plant) 485 (0/485) 500 1000 2015/2016 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [171]
Western Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Genesee, AB 53°21′13″N 114°18′33″W / 53.35361°N 114.30917°W / 53.35361; -114.30917 (Western Alberta Transmission Line - Genesee Static Inverter Plant) Canada – Langdon, AB 50°57′37″N 113°43′11″W / 50.96028°N 113.71972°W / 50.96028; -113.71972 (Western Alberta Transmission Line - Langdon Static Inverter Plant) 350 (0/350) 500 1000 2015 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [171][172]
Nelson River Bipole 3 Canada - Keewatinohk, Manitoba
56°39′25″N 93°51′14″W / 56.65694°N 93.85389°W / 56.65694; -93.85389 (Nelson River Bipole 3 - Keewatinohk Static Inverter Plant)		 Canada - Riel, Manitoba
49°51′59″N 96°56′24″W / 49.86639°N 96.94000°W / 49.86639; -96.94000 (Nelson River Bipole 3 - Riel Static Inverter Plant)		 1324
(0/1324)		 500 2000 2018 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1][162]
Labrador-Island Link Canada - Muskrat Falls, NL Canada - Soldiers Pond, NL 1135
(35/1100)		 350 900 2017 Thyr Drilling for cable landfall began in 2014.
Supplier: Alstom Grid		 [173][174]
Maritime Link Canada - Bottom Brook, NL 48°31′52″N 58°15′39″W / 48.53111°N 58.26083°W / 48.53111; -58.26083 (Bottom Brook substation) Canada - Woodbine, NS
45°59′30″N 60°16′26″W / 45.99167°N 60.27389°W / 45.99167; -60.27389 (Woodbine Substation)		 360
(170/190)		 200 500 2017 IGBT Right-of-way clearing began in 2014.
Supplier: ABB		 [175][176][177][178]
New England Clean Power Link USA - Alburgh, VT USA - Ludlow, VT 248
(248/0)		 320 1000 ? [179][180][181]
TransWest Express USA – Sinclair, WY USA – Boulder City, NV 1165
(0/1165)		 600 3000 2027 Ground breaking in 2023 [182][183][184]
Grain Belt Express USA - Ford County, KS USA - Sullivan County, IN 750

(0/750)

600 5000 ? [185]
SOO Green USA - Mason City, Iowa USA - Plano, Illinois 563 525 2100 2023 Buried along railroad right-of-way
Supplier: Siemens		 [186]
Clean Path NY USA - Upstate New York USA - New York City 280 1300 ? [187]
Champlain Hudson Power Express Canada–New York border USA - New York City 545 1250 2025 [188]
New England Clean Energy Connect USA - Beattie Twp, ME USA - Lewiston, ME 314 1200 2024 [189]
SunZia Transmission USA – Torrance County, NM USA – Pinal County, AZ 880 525 3000 2026 Project combined with 3,500 MW wind project [190]

South America

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Itaipu 1 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W / 25.46611°S 54.54250°W / -25.46611; -54.54250 (Itaipu DC Transmission - Foz do Iguaçu Static Inverter Plant)		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W / 23.66722°S 47.10528°W / -23.66722; -47.10528 (Itaipu DC Transmission - Sao Roque Static Inverter Plant)		 785
(0/785)		 600 3150 1984 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [1]
Itaipu 2 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
25°27′58″S 54°32′33″W / 25.46611°S 54.54250°W / -25.46611; -54.54250 (Itaipu DC Transmission - Foz do Iguaçu Static Inverter Plant)		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
23°40′2″S 47°6′19″W / 23.66722°S 47.10528°W / -23.66722; -47.10528 (Itaipu DC Transmission - Sao Roque Static Inverter Plant)		 805
(0/805)		 600 3150 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [1]
Rio Madeira Brazil, Porto Velho
08°54′53″S 63°57′27″W / 8.91472°S 63.95750°W / -8.91472; -63.95750 (HVDC Rio Madeira - Porto Velho Static Inverter Plant)		 Brazil, Araraquara
21°49′59″S 48°20′52″W / 21.83306°S 48.34778°W / -21.83306; -48.34778 (HVDC Rio Madeira - Araraquara Static Inverter Plant)		 2375
(0/2375)		 600 7100 2013 Thyr The longest transmission link in the world
Suppliers: ABB, Alstom 		[191]
Xingu-Estreito (aka, Belo Monte 1) Brazil - Anapu, Pará Brazil - Ibiraci, Minas Gerais 2077 (0/2077) 800 4000 2017 Thyr Supplier: SIEMENS [192]
Xingu-Rio (aka, Belo Monte 2) Brazil - Pará Brazil - Rio de Janeiro 2550 800 4000 2019 Thyr Supplier: NARI/XD/CET [192]

Back to back

Name
 Location
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Carnegie Steel Company B2B USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ? ? ? Merc built for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled [193]
Sakuma B2B Japan - Sakuma
35°04′57″N 137°47′56″E / 35.08250°N 137.79889°E / 35.08250; 137.79889 (Sakuma HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 125 300 1965 Merc replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
Eel River B2B Canada - Eel River, NB
48°01′05″N 66°26′39″W / 48.01806°N 66.44417°W / 48.01806; -66.44417 (Eel River Static Inverter Plant)		 80 320 1972 Thyr life extension project 2014  [194][195]
David A. Hamil B2B USA - Stegall, Nebraska
41°49′15″N 103°56′32″W / 41.82083°N 103.94222°W / 41.82083; -103.94222 (David A. Hamil HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±50 100 1977 Thyr Supplier: GE  
Shin Shinano B2B Japan - Shin Shinano
36°08′14″N 137°52′58″E / 36.13722°N 137.88278°E / 36.13722; 137.88278 (Shin Shinano HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 125 600 1977 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba, Hitachi
Acaray B2B Paraguay - Ciudad de Este
25°27′26″S 54°37′26″W / 25.45722°S 54.62389°W / -25.45722; -54.62389 (Ciudad de Este HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 25.6 50 1981 Thyr  
Vyborg B2B Russia - Vyborg
60°40′49″N 28°55′7″E / 60.68028°N 28.91861°E / 60.68028; 28.91861 (Vyborg HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±85 1065 1982 Thyr extended up to 1420 MW in 2001
Dürnrohr B2B Austria - Dürnrohr
48°19′46″N 15°52′48″E / 48.32944°N 15.88000°E / 48.32944; 15.88000 (GK Durnrohr)		 145 550 1983 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2B USA - Artesia, NM
32°48′51.7″N 104°14′29.6″W / 32.814361°N 104.241556°W / 32.814361; -104.241556 (Artesia HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 82 200 1983 Thyr  
Chateauguay B2B Canada – Châteauguay, QC
45°15′11″N 73°52′11″W / 45.25306°N 73.86972°W / 45.25306; -73.86972 (Chateauguay HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 140 1000 1984 Thyr  Control system upgrade by ABB in 2009 [196][197]
Oklaunion B2B USA - Oklaunion, TX
34°5′6″N 99°11′1″W / 34.08500°N 99.18361°W / 34.08500; -99.18361 (Oklaunion HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 82 200 1984 Thyr ABB replacement in 2014 [198][199]

 

Blackwater, New Mexico B2B USA - Blackwater, NM
34°18′3″N 103°10′27″W / 34.30083°N 103.17417°W / 34.30083; -103.17417 (Blackwater HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 57 200 1984 Thyr  Valve cooling and control systems upgrade by ABB in 2009 [200][201]
Madawaska, Quebec B2B Canada - Dégelis, QC
47°30′31″N 68°31′25″W / 47.50861°N 68.52361°W / 47.50861; -68.52361 (Deglis HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 140 350 1985 Thyr  
Miles City, Montana B2B USA - Miles City, MT
46°24′31″N 105°47′36″W / 46.40861°N 105.79333°W / 46.40861; -105.79333 (Miles City HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 82 200 1985 Thyr  
Highgate, VT B2B USA - Highgate, VT
44°56′17″N 73°3′15″W / 44.93806°N 73.05417°W / 44.93806; -73.05417 (Highgate HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 56 200 1985 Thyr Refurbishment by ABB in 2012, [202] 
Uruguaiana B2B Brazil - Uruguaiana
29°48′22″S 57°0′17″W / 29.80611°S 57.00472°W / -29.80611; -57.00472 (Uruguaiana HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 17.9 53.9 1986 Thyr  
Broken Hill B2B Australia - Broken Hill
31°59′10″S 141°25′9″E / 31.98611°S 141.41917°E / -31.98611; 141.41917 (Broken Hill HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 8.33 40 1986 Thyr  
Virginia Smith B2B USA - Sidney, NE
41°9′51″N 102°59′15″W / 41.16417°N 102.98750°W / 41.16417; -102.98750 (Virginia Smith HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 50 200 1988 Thyr   [203]
Vindhyachal B2B India - Vindhyachal
24°05′38″N 82°40′44″E / 24.09389°N 82.67889°E / 24.09389; 82.67889 (Vindhyachal HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 176 500 1989 Thyr  
McNeill B2B Canada - Mc Neill, AB
50°35′56″N 110°01′25″W / 50.59889°N 110.02361°W / 50.59889; -110.02361 (McNeill HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 42 150 1989 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Wolmirstedt B2B Germany - Wolmirstedt
52°16′21″N 11°38′10″E / 52.27250°N 11.63611°E / 52.27250; 11.63611 (GK Wolmirstedt ( never in use))		 160 600 (1992) Thyr construction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard
Etzenricht B2B Germany - Etzenricht
49°37′52″N 12°6′56″E / 49.63111°N 12.11556°E / 49.63111; 12.11556 (GKK Etzenricht)		 160 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009
Vienna-Southeast B2B Austria - Vienna
48°7′22″N 16°25′6″E / 48.12278°N 16.41833°E / 48.12278; 16.41833 (GK Wien-Sudost)		 142 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Chandrapur B2B India - Chandrapur
20°5′21″N 79°8′36″E / 20.08917°N 79.14333°E / 20.08917; 79.14333 (Chandrapur HVDC back-to-back converter station)		 205 2x500 1998 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Welsh HVDC Converter Station B2B USA - Titus County, TX
33°03′30.3″N 94°50′36.54″W / 33.058417°N 94.8434833°W / 33.058417; -94.8434833 (Welsh Power Plant)		 162 600 1998 Thyr  
Garabi HVDC Brazil - Garabi
28°15′19″S 55°40′18″W / 28.25528°S 55.67167°W / -28.25528; -55.67167 (Garabi HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±70 2200 1999 Thyr Brazil-Argentina Interconnection. Supplier: ABB In 2002, the second phase 'Garabi 2' was supplied by ABB . [204]
Vizag 1 India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka
17°38′33″N 83°7′57″E / 17.64250°N 83.13250°E / 17.64250; 83.13250 (Vizag I HVDC back-to-back converter station)		 205 500 1999 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Minami-Fukumitsu B2B Japan - Minami - Fukumitsu
36°29′46″N 136°54′57″E / 36.49611°N 136.91583°E / 36.49611; 136.91583 (Minami-Fukumitsu HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 125 300 1999 Thyr  
Rivera B2B Uruguay - Rivera
30°56′29″S 55°33′34″W / 30.94139°S 55.55944°W / -30.94139; -55.55944 (Rivera HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 22 70 2000 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Eagle Pass, Texas B2B USA - Eagle Pass, TX
28°42′58.8″N 100°29′26.88″W / 28.716333°N 100.4908000°W / 28.716333; -100.4908000 (Eagle Pass HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 15.9 36 2000 IGBT  
Sasaram B2B India - Sasaram
25°07′42″N 83°42′29″E / 25.12833°N 83.70806°E / 25.12833; 83.70806 (Sasaram HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 205 500 2003 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Rapid City DC Tie B2B USA - Rapid City, SD
44°00′37″N 103°9′54″W / 44.01028°N 103.16500°W / 44.01028; -103.16500 (Rapid City HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 13 200 2003 Thyr [205][206]
Vizag 2 India - Visakhapatnam
17°38′26″N 83°8′10″E / 17.64056°N 83.13611°E / 17.64056; 83.13611 (Vizag II HVDC back-to-back converter station)		 176 500 2005 Thyr   Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids. [207]
Lingbao B2B China - Lingbao
34°32′56″N 110°50′49″E / 34.54889°N 110.84694°E / 34.54889; 110.84694 (Lingbao HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 168 360 2005 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control), Extension project 2010:  Supplier: ABB;C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [208][209]
Lamar Co., Colorado B2B USA - Lamar, CO
38°12′25.08″N 102°31′43.92″W / 38.2069667°N 102.5288667°W / 38.2069667; -102.5288667 (Lamar HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 63.6 210 2005 Thyr Supplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC) [210]
Higashi-Shimuzu B2B Japan - Shimuzu
35°03′24″N 138°29′58″E / 35.05667°N 138.49944°E / 35.05667; 138.49944 (Higashi-Shimuzu HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 125 300 2006 Thyr  
Sharyland B2B USA - Mission, TX
26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W / 26.16694°N 98.32361°W / 26.16694; -98.32361 (Sharyland HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 21 150 2007 Thyr  
Al Fadhili B2B Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili
26°53′52″N 49°20′47″E / 26.89778°N 49.34639°E / 26.89778; 49.34639 (Al Fadhili HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 222 3x600 2008 Thyr Used mainly for Dynamic Reserve Power Sharing rather than economic energy transfer. Supplier: Alstom [211]
Outaouais B2B Canada - Buckingham, QC
45°36′01″N 75°26′47″W / 45.60028°N 75.44639°W / 45.60028; -75.44639 (Outaouais HVDC back-to-back station)		 315 2x625 2009 Thyr   Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB [58]
Heihe B2B China - Heihe
50°15′19″N 127°25′37″E / 50.25528°N 127.42694°E / 50.25528; 127.42694 (Heihe HVDC back-to-back station)		 ±125 750 2011 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control)[212]
Gaoling B2B China - Gaoling
40°10′49″N 120°00′22″E / 40.18028°N 120.00611°E / 40.18028; 120.00611 (Gaoling HVDC back-to-back station)		 ±500 1500 2008 Thyr
Shandong - East B2B China 1200 2011 Thyr
Melo B2B Uruguay - Melo
32°25′02″S 54°05′34″W / 32.41722°S 54.09278°W / -32.41722; -54.09278 (Melo HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±79 500 2011 Thyr Supplier:Alstom
North - Central B2B China 1000 2012 Thyr
Rio Madeira B2B Brazil – Porto Velho
8°54′46″S 63°57′27″W / 8.91278°S 63.95750°W / -8.91278; -63.95750 (Rio Madeira Porto Velho HVDC Back-to-back station)		 100 600 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB[213] [214][215][216][217]
Ridgefield B2B ( Hudson Project) USA - Ridgefield, NJ
40°49′56″N 74°00′44″W / 40.83222°N 74.01222°W / 40.83222; -74.01222 (Ridgefield HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 185 660 2013 Thyr Supplier: Siemens[218]
Bheramara B2B Bangladesh – Bheramara 24°04′03″N 89°0′04″E / 24.06750°N 89.00111°E / 24.06750; 89.00111 (Bheramara HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant) 158 500 2013 Thyr
Akhaltsikhe B2B Georgia - Akhaltsikhe
41°42′26″N 43°06′35″E / 41.70722°N 43.10972°E / 41.70722; 43.10972 (Akhaltsikhe HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 96 700 2013 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [219]
Mackinac B2B USA - Saint Ignace, MI
45°51′31″N 84°44′18″W / 45.85861°N 84.73833°W / 45.85861; -84.73833 (Mackinac HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 70 200 2014 IGBT Supplier: ABB [220]
Railroad DC Tie USA - Mission, TX
26°10′01″N 98°19′25″W / 26.16694°N 98.32361°W / 26.16694; -98.32361 (Railroad DC Tie Static Inverter Plant)		 21 150 2014 Thyr  
Alytus B2B Lithuania - Alytus
54°26′19″N 23°58′02″E / 54.43861°N 23.96722°E / 54.43861; 23.96722 (Alytus HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±70 500 2015 Thyr [221]
Mogocha B2B Russia - Mogocha
53°43′30″N 119°47′22″E / 53.72500°N 119.78944°E / 53.72500; 119.78944 (Mogocha HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±32 2x100 2017 IGBT   [222]
Yu - E B2B China-Chongqing, China-Hubei ±420 4x1250 2017 VSC-HVDC Supplier: XJ Group Corporation(2x1250MW), C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd(1x1250MW), Rongxin Power Electronic Co., Ltd. (1x1250MW)
Khani B2B Russia - Khani
56°55′09″N 119°59′24″E / 56.91917°N 119.99000°E / 56.91917; 119.99000 (Khani HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±32 2x100 2019 IGBT   [222]
Van B2B Turkiye - İran
38°58′37″N 43°31′58″E / 38.97694°N 43.53278°E / 38.97694; 43.53278 (VAN 600MW HVDC back-to-back Converter Plant)		 420 600 2021 IGBT Supplier:NR-TEIAS  
Bentwisch B2B Germany - Bentwisch
54°06′04″N 12°12′56″E / 54.10111°N 12.21556°E / 54.10111; 12.21556 (Bentwisch HVDC back-to-back Static Inverter Plant)		 ±140 410 2019 IGBT  
Tres Amigas SuperStation USA - Clovis, NM ? 5000 ? IGBT

Maps

Europe

  Existing
  Under construction
  Options under consideration
HVDC interconnections in Europe as of 2023
  1. Shetland HVDC Connection
  2. Caithness Moray HVDC
  3. Western Isles HVDC connection
  4. NorthConnect
  5. North Sea Link: Kvilldal, Norway – Blyth, UK
  6. Eastern HVDC Link
  7. Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
  8. Western HVDC Link
  9. East–West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Shotton, Wales, UK
  10. Celtic Interconnector
  11. FAB Link
  12. IFA-2
  13. HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
  14. Nemo Link
  15. BritNed: UK – Netherlands
  16. Aachen Liège Electricity Grid Overlay (ALEGrO)[223]
  17. Viking Link
  18. HVDC DolWin1, HVDC DolWin2, HVDC DolWin3
  19. HVDC SylWin1
  20. HVDC HelWin1, HVDC HelWin2
  21. HVDC BorWin1, HVDC BorWin2, HVDC BorWin3
  22. NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
  23. NORD.LINK: Germany – Norway
  24. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3, and 4: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
  25. Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
  26. StoreBælt: Fyn, Denmark – Zealand, Denmark
  27. Baltic Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
  28. Kontek: Bjæverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
  29. SydVästlänken
  30. SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Wierzbięcin (Słupsk), Poland
  31. LitPol Link
  32. NordBalt
  33. HVDC Visby–Näs
  34. Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden
  35. Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden, Fenno-Skan 2
  36. ÅL-link
  37. Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
  38. Estlink 2
  39. Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
  40. INELFE Baixas - Santa Llogaia[224]
  41. HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland)
  42. SAPEI, Sardinia – Italian mainland
  43. HVDC MON.ITA Project
  44. HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy
  45. EuroAsia Interconnector
  46. EuroAfrica Interconnector
  47. Greenlink
  48. France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel
  49. ElecLink: via Channel Tunnel
  50. INELFE Biscay Gulf[225]
  51. NeuConnect: Isle of Grain, UK – Wilhelmshaven, Germany

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av HVDC Projects List, March 2012 - Existing or Under Construction (PDF) Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, Ece.uidaho.edu, accessed in February 2014
  2. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  3. ^ "ABB wins $50 million HVDC order in Mozambique". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  4. ^ "References - ABB". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  5. ^ "ABB wins $107 million power order in Africa". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  6. ^ "Winne.com - Report on Congo DRC, Paving the reconstruction". Winne.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  7. ^ "ABB commissions Caprivi link". 1 January 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  8. ^ "Energy crisis: Longest cable in WORLD will be based in Britain and power 7million homes". www.express.co.uk. July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  9. ^ "The Morocco - UK Power Project". xlinks.co. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Basslink". Basslink.com.au. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  11. ^ Joerg Dorn; Dietmar Retzmann; Cristen Schimpf; Dag Soerangr (2007-11-06). "HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and Advanced Grid Access" (PDF). EPRI HVDC Conference 2007-09-13 to 14. Siemens: 44. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  12. ^ "HVDC Inter-Island Link Project - Transpower". Transpower New Zealand. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  13. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  14. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  15. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  16. ^ "HVDC in China" (PDF). Dsius.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  17. ^ "ROLE OF THREE GORGES - CHANGZHOU HVDC IN INTERCONNECTING CENTRAL AND EAST CHINA" (PDF). ABB. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
  18. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  19. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  20. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  21. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  22. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  23. ^ "China-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd". 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  24. ^ "China-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd". 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  25. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  26. ^ world's first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project Archived 2014-03-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed in February 2014
  27. ^ world's first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project , accessed in February 2014 Archived February 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ "Southern Hami-Zhengzhou ±800kV UHVDC Transmission Project, Second Xinjiang-Northwest Main Grid 750kV HVDC Transmission Line Start Construction to Build the Silk Road of Electricity Connecting the Western Frontier with the Central Plains" (Press release). State Grid Corporation of China. 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  29. ^ "China-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd". Archived from the original on 2014-04-20. Retrieved 2014-04-19.
  30. ^ "ABB wins power transformers order in China worth over $100 million" (Press release). ABB. 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  31. ^ "China XD to supply equipment for SGCC's UHVDC project". Global Transmission Report. 2012-10-16. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  32. ^ "New order from SGCC: Siemens' biggest HVDC transformer order to date" (PDF). Siemens. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF;101KiB) on 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  33. ^ "Preliminary Assessments for Hami-Zhengzhou and Xiluodu-Western Zhejiang UHV DC Projects Completed" (Press release). State Grid Corporation of China. 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  34. ^ [1][permanent dead link], Alstom Press Release, 7 July 2014.
  35. ^ "Error - LS Cable". m.lscns.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  36. ^ Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection, accessed in February 2014 Archived April 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "Champa ±800 kV UHVDC" (PDF). Alstom.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  38. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  39. ^ "The New Hokkaido-Honshu HVDC Link" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
  40. ^ "New Hokkaido-Honshu VSC HVDC Commissioned, Interconnecting Hokkaido and the Main Island of Honshu". 28 March 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  41. ^ "Matiari To Lahore ±660kV HVDC Transmission Line Project". Archived from the original on 2020-11-04. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
  42. ^ "Case Study Zhangbei DC Grid" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
  43. ^ "India to Build Longest 800kV UHVDC Transmission Line". 11 January 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  44. ^ "Central Asia-South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project". 10 May 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  45. ^ "HVDC Classic Reference list". Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  46. ^ Liu, Danni; Zhao, Mingming; Wang, Shengda; Sun, Xiaofu; Sun, Haoran (2023-07-10). "Security Protection Technology Based on Power Communication Terminal Intelligent Equipment". Electrica. doi:10.5152/electr.2023.22119.
  47. ^ Wijesinghe, Achini; Gunatilake, Sonali; Shrestha, Dina; Gupta, Yashdeep; Somasundaram, Noel; Bulugahapitiya, Uditha; Kalra, Sanjay (2016). "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Triage for Preventive Intervention". US Endocrinology. 12 (2): 99. doi:10.17925/use.2016.12.02.99. ISSN 1758-3918.
  48. ^ "Enemalta finalises Malta-Sicily Interconnector repairs". 28 November 2022.
  49. ^ "The Gotland HVDC link". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-05-30.
  50. ^ Kingsnorth Power Station brochure on the DC system (Kingsnorth to London HVDC power reinforcement scheme - dated 1975)
  51. ^ a b "Skagerrak". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  52. ^ "New lease on life for northern European power link". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  53. ^ "ABB wins $180 million order for Norway-Denmark power transmission link". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  54. ^ "National Grid info on IFA". Interconnections - France. National Grid plc. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  55. ^ "SwePol Link". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
  56. ^ "Mutual Energy". Mutual Energy. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h Working Group on HVDC and FACTS Bibliography and Records (2008-07-07). "HVDC PROJECTS LISTING" (PDF). IEEE Transmission and Distribution Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  58. ^ "BritNed cable live today" (Press release). BritNed. 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2011-04-01.[dead link]
  59. ^ "BritNed organisation". BritNed. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  60. ^ "National Grid on BritNed". Interconnectors - Netherlands. National Grid plc. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  61. ^ "SAPEI". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  62. ^ "ABB wins $180 million order for undersea power link in Italy". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  63. ^ "ABB commissions power link to Valhall offshore platform". abb.com (Press release). Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  64. ^ "BorWin1". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-23. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  65. ^ "ABB wins power order worth more than $400 million for world's largest offshore wind farm". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  66. ^ BorWin1 - Transmission project. YouTube. 7 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
  67. ^ "Overview of EirGrid Connection" (PDF). Paper presented at UPEC 2013. ABB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  68. ^ "ABB Fenno-Skan - ABB HVDC Reference Projects in Europe (HVDC References)". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-20.
  69. ^ "ABB to upgrade transmission control for Scandinavian power interconnector". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  70. ^ "New Fenno-Skan 2 HVDC pole with an upgrade of the existing Fenno-Skan 1 pole". Search-ext.abb.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  71. ^ "Åland". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  72. ^ "ABB wins $130-million HVDC order for subsea power transmission link in Finland". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  73. ^ "Åland Link project management" (PDF). pöyry case summary. Pöyry SwedPower AB. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  74. ^ "Wir bringen die Windenergie vom Meer an Land - TenneT TSO GmbH". tennettso.de. Archived from the original on 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
  75. ^ "DolWin1". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2011-03-25. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  76. ^ "Wir bringen die Windenergie vom Meer an Land - TenneT TSO GmbH". Tennettso.de. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  77. ^ "2014 INELFE, France-Spain" (PDF) (Press release). Siemens. 2011-01-12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  78. ^ "REE on INELFE". Spain-France underground interconnection. Red Eléctrica da España. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  79. ^ "INEFE ready for testing". HVDC link between France and Spain. Siemens. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  80. ^ "Crossing Mountains to Connect Two Countries". TD world. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  81. ^ "Russia's Power Grip Over Baltics Ending With Billion-Euro Cables". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2016-03-19. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  82. ^ "LITPOL Link". litpol-link.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  83. ^ "ABB wins $110 million power order to interconnect Lithuania and Poland". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  84. ^ "LitPol Link". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  85. ^ "NordBalt". Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  86. ^ "ABB press release". ABB sets world record. ABB. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  87. ^ "Wir bringen die Windenergie vom Meer an Land - TenneT TSO GmbH". tennettso.de. Archived from the original on 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
  88. ^ "ABB wins $270 million order from Statoil for world's largest offshore gas platform". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  89. ^ "Inauguration event of ABB technologies at the Troll A platform in Norway". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  90. ^ "The Troll area". statoil.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-25. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  91. ^ "ABB signs US$ 230 million in contracts with Statoil". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  92. ^ "ABB HVDC Light - Electrical/Integrated Project Solutions (Offshore Production)". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  93. ^ "Very high voltage synchronous motors". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  94. ^ "DolWin2". Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  95. ^ "Offshore wind energy: TenneT awards "DolWin3"project to Alstom, marking next step in Germany's energy turnaround". alstom.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
  96. ^ "Nexans wins major subsea cable contract for Terna's new HVDC power interconnection between Italy and Montenegro". 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  97. ^ "Toshiba wins EPC Contract for HVDC power conversion system". Toshiba Press Release. 7 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  98. ^ "HVDC MON.ITA Project" (PDF). Terna Crna Gora. 27 January 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  99. ^ "Q&A". Western HVDC. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  100. ^ "NG ETYS 2015". Electricity 10 year statement. National Grid plc. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  101. ^ "Caithness Moray HVDC". Caithness Moray. SSE Power Distribution. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  102. ^ "ABB information". Caithness Moray HVDC Link. ABB. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  103. ^ Kabel til Holland – COBRA
  104. ^ "Energienet in English". Cable to NL - COBRACable. Energienet.DK. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  105. ^ "COBRAcable". TenneT. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  106. ^ "Works starts in Eemshaven on COBRAcable – a 'green' subsea electricity highway between the Netherlands and Denmark". TenneT. 3 January 2017. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  107. ^ "Offshore wind : Cobra cable" (PDF). Alstom.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  108. ^ "ElecLink". Eleclink. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  109. ^ "Foundation laid for UK-France link". reNEWS - Renewable Energy News. 23 February 2017. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  110. ^ a b "Johan Sverdrup powered from shore". equinor.com (Press release). October 9, 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  111. ^ "DolWin5 - TenneT". Archived from the original on 2020-04-03. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  112. ^ "DolWin6 - TenneT". Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  113. ^ "Alstom will supply converter stations to Italy-France interconnector - Enerdata". Enerdata.net. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  114. ^ New strategic interconnection Italy-France for Terna R. I. and RTE Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine, Prysmian Press Release, 26 March 2015.
  115. ^ "RTE on France Italy link". Savoie-Piémont: 190 km. RTE France. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  116. ^ "Terna on Italy France link". Italy - France, the invisible line. Terna. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  117. ^ "Nemo Link news June '15". Nemo Link news June '15. Nemo Link. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  118. ^ "Nemo Link". Nemo Link. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  119. ^ "Siemens re Nemo Link". Siemens wins major HVDC order to connect British and Belgian power grid. Siemens. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  120. ^ "ALEGrO Project". ALEGrO Project. Elia. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  121. ^ "Siemens Energy supplies HVDC technology for electricity link between Germany and Belgium". www.windtech-international.com. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  122. ^ "ALEGrO". www.amprion.net (in German). Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  123. ^ "Elia infrastructure project". Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  124. ^ "Siemens Energy liefert HGÜ-Technik für erste Stromverbindung zwi ..." press.siemens-energy.com (in German). Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  125. ^ "IFA2 - National Grid". France - National Grid. National Grid plc. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  126. ^ "IFA2 - RTE info". Interconnection France Angleterre (in French). RTE. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  127. ^ "IFA2 Brochure" (PDF). IFA2 brochure d'information. RTE. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  128. ^ "IFA2: low-carbon electricity now flowing through second UK-France interconnector". National Grid. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  129. ^ "Riesen-Seekabel NordLink: Deutschland nutzt Norwegen jetzt als Batterie". Spiegel.de (in German). 2021-04-12. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08.
  130. ^ "Heading for British clarification of interconnector framework conditions". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  131. ^ "Cable to the UK". Statnett. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-30. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
  132. ^ "€1.5 billion contracts awarded to build the world's longest interconnector". statnett. Archived from the original on 2015-08-17. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  133. ^ "What is NSN Link? | NSN Link". nsninterconnector.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-01. Retrieved 2015-09-03.
  134. ^ "Home | Ariadne Interconnection". www.ariadne-interconnection.gr. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  135. ^ "FAB Link". Fab Link. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  136. ^ "Alderney Renewable Energy". FAB - Alderney Renewable Energy. ARE. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  137. ^ "Caithness". Caithness HVDC. SSE PD. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  138. ^ "Shetland HVDC Link". Shetland. SSE Power Distribution. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  139. ^ "Shetland HVDC -4C". Shetland HVDC Interconnector. 4Coffshore. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  140. ^ a b "SSE PD in Scotland". Western Isles. SSE Power Distribution. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  141. ^ "EuroAsia Interconnector Project". EuroAsia Interconnector. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  142. ^ "EU PCI 2013 - see Cyprus" (PDF). EU Projects of Common Interest. European Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  143. ^ Cable to England – Viking Link
  144. ^ "Viking Link". Viking Link. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  145. ^ "The EuroAfrica Interconnector". Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  146. ^ "Electricity Cable Aims to Link Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Bloomberg, February 8, 2017". Bloomberg News. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-02-04. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  147. ^ "EuroAfrica 2,000MW cable boosts Egypt-Cyprus ties, Financial Mirror February 8, 2017". 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  148. ^ "EEHC, Euro Africa Company sign MoU to conduct a feasibility study to link Egypt, Cyprus, Greece, Daily News Egypt, February 6, 2017". 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  149. ^ "Eastern HVDC Link Interconnector". 4coffshore.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  150. ^ "The Project". www.eirgridgroup.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  151. ^ a b "ABB and Aibel net Dogger Bank bounty | 4C Offshore News". Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  152. ^ a b "NKT confirms order for Dogger Bank offshore Wind Farms Creyke Beck A/B". Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  153. ^ "SuedOstLink: First award of contract for plastic-insulated underground cable for 525 kilovolts". www.50hertz.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  154. ^ Latief, Yusuf (2024-02-12). "Tyrrhenian Link interconnection secures final financing". Smart Energy International. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  155. ^ "New connection: Adriatic Link | Terna Driving Energy - Terna spa". www.terna.it. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  156. ^ "News on trial operations of LitPol Link". LitPol Link News. LitPol-link.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  157. ^ "Shetland Windfarm". Viking Energy - Timeline. Viking Energy. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  158. ^ James A. Besha, The historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station part 2, IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE Mar/Apr 2007, page 8
  159. ^ "ABB Rededicates Sylmar Converter Station". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  160. ^ "Pacific Intertie". Abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2014-05-30.
  161. ^ a b c Siemens HVDC Reference List Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, Energy.siemens.com, accessed in February 2014.
  162. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  163. ^ "Square Butte annual report 2004" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  164. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  165. ^ Fairley, Peter (April 2005). "TransÉnergie: Playing Two Power Games". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
  166. ^ "What is Neptune RTS?". Archived from the original on May 26, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  167. ^ Westerweller T., Friedrich, K., Armonies, U., Orini, A., Parquet, D., Wehn, S., Trans Bay cable – world's first HVDC system using multilevel voltage-sourced converter, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2010, paper reference B4-101
  168. ^ "IEEE PES; HVDC Systems and Trans-Bay Cable" (PDF). 16 March 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
  169. ^ "HDVC Plus Technology provided by Siemens". 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  170. ^ a b "AESO 2013 Long-term Transmission Plan" (PDF). Alberta Electric System Operator. January 2014. pp. 77–78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-02.
  171. ^ Bachusky, Johnnie (2015-01-27). "Billion dollar transmission line is complete". Mountain View Gazette. Olds, AB. Archived from the original on 2015-02-02. Retrieved 2015-02-02.
  172. ^ Roberts, Stephen (July 7, 2014). "Muskrat Falls work well underway in Forteau". Northern Pen. St. Anthony: Transcontinental Media G.P. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
  173. ^ "Awarded Contracts: Muskrat Falls Generation and Labrador-Island Link". Nalcor Energy. Archived from the original on 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2014-07-26. CD0501 Supply and Install Converter Stations and Transition Compounds 19-Jun-2014
  174. ^ "ABB awarded $400 million order for Maritime Link power project in Canada" (Press release). Zurich, Switzerland: ABB. July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-13. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
  175. ^ "Maritime Link Infrastructure". Emera Newfoundland and Labrador. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-14.
  176. ^ "4.1.3". Maritime Link Environmental Assessment Report (PDF) (Report). Emera Newfoundland and Labrador. January 10, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  177. ^ "Maritime Link construction underway in western Newfoundland". CBC News. 2014-11-27. Archived from the original on 2014-12-09. Retrieved 2014-11-27.
  178. ^ "New England Clean Power Link". www.necplink.com. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  179. ^ "Scott renews hope in billion-dollar underwater powerline | Vermont Business Magazine". vermontbiz.com. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  180. ^ "NECPL Submarine Cable Installation" (PDF). New England Clean Power Link: Project Development Portal. TDI New England. 2014-10-09. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2014-12-30.
  181. ^ "BLM/Western publish fifth EIS update newsletter" (Press release). Transwest Express LLC. 2014-11-26. Archived from the original on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-12-30.
  182. ^ "Delivering Wyoming wind energy to the West". TransWest Express Transmission Project. TransWest Express LLC. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
  183. ^ "Global Transmission Report : TransWest Express Project, US". 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  184. ^ Kuykendall, Dia (2023-06-14). "Grain Belt Express Approved by Kansas Corporation Commission". Grain Belt Express. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  185. ^ "SOO Green HVDC Link". SOO Green HVDC Link. Direct Connect Development Company. 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-06-27. Retrieved 2021-06-15.
  186. ^ "Clean Path New York | Our Clean Energy Future". Clean Path |. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  187. ^ "Home". TDI CHPExpress. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  188. ^ "About the NECEC". New England Clean Energy Connect. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  189. ^ "SunZia Wind and Transmission". Pattern Energy. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  190. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  191. ^ a b "Technical benefits of HVDC lines and experience of HVDC projects: Brazil, China, and perspectives in Latin America" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-09. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  192. ^ [2] Archived May 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  193. ^ "Eel River". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  194. ^ "News" (PDF). Nbpower.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  195. ^ "Châteauguay". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  196. ^ "ABB to upgrade transmission control for vital North American power interconnector". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  197. ^ "ABB Oklaunion - ABB HVDC Reference Projects in North America (HVDC References)". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
  198. ^ "ABB awarded $60 million HVDC order to support grid reliability in Texas". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  199. ^ "Blackwater". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  200. ^ "ABB to upgrade control and valve cooling system for HVDC station in New Mexico". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  201. ^ "Highgate". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  202. ^ "HVDC Transformers- details". Siemens. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  203. ^ "Brazil-Argentina HVDC Interconnection". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
  204. ^ [3] Archived November 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  205. ^ "ABB Group. Leading digital technologies for industry". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-27.((cite web)): CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  206. ^ "THE SECOND 1 x 500 MW HVDC BACK-TO-BACK INTERCONNECTION AT VIZAG" (PDF). 2005-09-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  207. ^ "Lingbao II". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  208. ^ "ABB wins orders worth $8-million to upgrade HVDC station in China". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  209. ^ "APPLICATION OF THE GRID POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (GPFC) IN A BACK TO BACK PROJECT- details" (PDF). Siemens. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
  210. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2009-03-24.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  211. ^ [4][permanent dead link]
  212. ^ "Rio Madeira". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-06. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  213. ^ "ABB wins $540-million order in Brazil for world's longest power transmission link". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  214. ^ "Designing Madeira Transmission System - Transmission content from TDWorld". tdworld.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  215. ^ A remarkable journey - Transportation of the world's largest HVDC transformers. YouTube. 20 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
  216. ^ "The Rio Madeira HVDC System – Design aspects of Bipole 1 and the connector to Acre-Rondônia". Search-ext.abb.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  217. ^ Kohnstam, Peter (April 22, 2013). "High Voltage Direct Current Transmission" (PDF). Energy.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
  218. ^ "Siemens HVDC technology to transmit eco-friendly electric power from Georgia to Turkey : Press release" (PDF). Alstom.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  219. ^ "Mackinac". abb.com. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2013-03-30.
  220. ^ "References - ABB". New.abb.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  221. ^ a b "HVDC Advances in the Russia - Substations content from TDWorld". Tdworld.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  222. ^ "First Electricity Link Between Germany and Belgium Commissioned". Endeavor Business Media, LLC (T&D World). Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  223. ^ "Electrical interconnection between Baixas - Santa Llogaia | Drupal". www.inelfe.eu. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  224. ^ "The electricity interconnection across the Biscay Gulf | Drupal". www.inelfe.eu. Retrieved 2023-04-09.

Sources

Categories