The chronology of Indian mathematicians spans from the Indus Valley civilisation and the Vedas to Modern India.

Indian mathematicians have made a number of contributions to mathematics that have significantly influenced scientists and mathematicians in the modern era. Hindu-Arabic numerals predominantly used today and likely into the future.

Ancient (Before 320 CE)

• Baudhayana sutras (fl. c. 900 BCE)
• Yajnavalkya (700 BCE)
• Manava (fl. 750–650 BCE)
• Apastamba Dharmasutra (c. 600 BCE)
• Pāṇini (c. 520–460 BCE)
• Kātyāyana (fl. c. 300 BCE)
• Akṣapada Gautama(c. 600 BCE–200 CE)
• Bharata Muni (200 BCE-200 CE)
• Pingala (c. 3rd/2nd century BCE)
• Bhadrabahu (367 – 298 BCE)
• Umasvati (c. 200 CE)
• Yavaneśvara (2nd century)
• Vasishtha Siddhanta, 4th century CE

Classical (320 CE–520 CE)

• Vasishtha Siddhanta, 4th century CE
• Aryabhata (476–550 CE)
• Yativrsabha (500–570)
• Varahamihira (505–587 CE)
• Yativṛṣabha, (6th-century CE)
• Virahanka (6th century CE)

Early Medieval Period (521 CE–1206 CE)

• Brahmagupta (598–670 CE)
• Bhaskara I (600–680 CE)
• Shridhara (between 650–850 CE)
• Lalla (c. 720–790 CE)
• Virasena (792–853 CE)
• Govindasvāmi (c. 800 – c. 860 CE)
• Prithudaka (c. 830 – c. 900CE)
• Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa, (c. 840 – c. 900 CE)
• Vaṭeśvara (born 880 CE)
• Mahavira (9th century CE)
• Jayadeva 9th century CE
• Aryabhata II (920 – c. 1000)
• Mañjula (astronomer) (born 932)
• Vijayanandi (c. 940–1010)
• Halayudha 10th Century
• Śrīpati (1019–1066)
• Abhayadeva Suri (1050 CE)
• Brahmadeva (1060–1130)
• Pavuluri Mallana (11th century CE)
• Hemachandra (1087–1172 CE)
• Bhaskara II (1114–1185 CE)
• Someshvara III (1127–1138 CE)
• Śārṅgadeva (1175-1247)

Late Medieval Period (1206–1526)

13th Century

• Thakkar Pheru( 1291– 1347)

14th century

• Mahendra Suri (1340 – 1400)
• Keshava of Nandigrama (fl. 1496–1507)
• Narayana Pandita (1325–1400)

Navya-Nyāya (Neo-Logical) School

• Gangesha Upadhyaya (first half of the 14th century)

Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy

• Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1340 – c. 1425)
• Parameshvara (1360–1455), discovered drek-ganita, a mode of astronomy based on observations
• Puthumana Somayaji (c. 1380–1460)

15th century

Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy

• Chennas Narayanan Namboodiripad (born 1428)
• Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1545), mathematician and astronomer
• Damodara (15th century)

Navya-Nyāya (Neo-Logical) School

• Raghunatha Siromani (1475–1550)

Early Modern Period (1527– 1800)

16th Century

• Gaṇeśa Daivajna (born 1507, fl. 1520-1554)

Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy

• Chitrabhanu (16th Century)
• Shankara Variyar (c. 1530)
• Jyeshtadeva (1500–1610), author of Yuktibhāṣā
• Paarangot Jyeshtadevan Namboodiri (AD 1500–1610)
• Achyuta Pisharati (1550–1621), mathematician and astronomer
• Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri (1560–1646/1666)

Golagrama school of astronomy

• Nṛsiṃha (born 1586)^[1]
• Mallari (fl.1575)^[2]

17th Century

• Muhammad Saleh Thattvi ( fl. 1663–64)
• Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman (fl. 1589-90)^[3]
• Ataullah Rashidi (17th century)
• Lutfullah Muhandis (17th century)
• Munishvara (born 1603)
• Mulla Jaunpuri (1606–1651)

Golagrama school of astronomy

• Kamalakara (1616 – 1700)
• Divākara (born 1606)^[4]

18th Century

• Jagannatha Samrat (1652–1744)
• Jai Singh II (1681 – 1743)

Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy

• Sankara Varman (1774–1839)

Modern (1800–Present)

19th century

20th century

• Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai (1901–1950)
• Raj Chandra Bose (1901–1987)
• Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan (1902–1955)
• Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986)
• Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (1907-1966)
• Lakkoju Sanjeevaraya Sharma (1907–1998)
• Sarvadaman Chowla (1907-1995)
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995)
• Subbaramiah Minakshisundaram (1913–1968)
• P Kesava Menon (1917–1979)
• S. S. Shrikhande (1917–2020)
• Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya (1918–2010)
• Anil Kumar Gain (1919–1978)
• Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920–2023)
• Mathukumalli V. Subbarao (1921–2006)
• Harish-Chandra (1923–1983)
• P. K. Srinivasan (1924–2005)
• Raghu Raj Bahadur (1924–1997)
• Madan Lal Puri (born 1929)
• Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar(1930-2012)
• C. S. Seshadri (1932–2020)
• Daya-Nand Verma (1933–2010)
• M. S. Narasimhan (1932–2021)
• J. N. Srivastava (1933-2010)
• Srinivasacharya Raghavan (1934–2014)
• K. S. S. Nambooripad (1935–2020)
• Ramaiyengar Sridharan (born 1935)
• Vinod Johri (1935–2014)
• Karamat Ali Karamat (1936–2022)
• K. R. Parthasarathy (1936–2023)
• S. N. Seshadri (1937–1986)
• Ramdas L. Bhirud (1937–1997)
• S. Ramanan (born 1937)
• Pranab K. Sen (born 1937)
• Veeravalli S. Varadarajan (1937–2019)
• Jayanta Kumar Ghosh (1937–2017)
• Raghavan Narasimhan (1937-2015)
• C. P. Ramanujam (1938–1974)
• V. N. Bhat (1938–2009)
• S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (born 1940)
• M. S. Raghunathan (born 1941)
• Ravindra Shripad Kulkarni (born 1942)
• Vashishtha Narayan Singh (1942–2019)
• C. R. Rao (1920–2023)
• Thiruvenkatachari Parthasarathy (born 1941)
• S. B. Rao (born 1943)
• Phoolan Prasad (born 1944)
• Gopal Prasad (born 1945)
• Rajagopalan Parthasarathy (born 1945)
• Vijay Kumar Patodi (1945–1976)
• Vikram Bhagvandas Mehta (1946-2014)
• S. G. Dani (born 1947)
• Raman Parimala (born 1948)
• Singhi Navin M. (born 1949)
• Sujatha Ramdorai
• R. Balasubramanian (born 1951)
• M. Ram Murty (born 1953)
• Alok Bhargava (born 1954)
• Madhav V. Nori (born 1954)
• Rattan Chand (born 1955)
• V. Kumar Murty (born 1956)
• Rajendra Bhatia (born 1952)
• Narendra Karmarkar (born 1957)
• T. N. Venkataramana (born 1958)
• Dipendra Prasad (born 1960)
• Dinesh Thakur (born 1961)
• Manindra Agrawal (born 1966)
• Madhu Sudan (born 1966)
• Suresh Venapally (born 1966)
• Chandrashekhar Khare (born 1968)
• U. S. R. Murty
• Ramji Lal (born 1945)
• L. Mahadevan
• Kapil Hari Paranjape
• Vijay Vazirani (born 1957)
• Umesh Vazirani
• Prasad V. Tetali (born 1964)
• Mahan Mj (born 1968)
• Rahul Pandharipande (born 1969)
• Santosh Vempala (born 1971)
• Kannan Soundararajan (born 1973)
• Kiran Kedlaya (born 1974)
• Manjul Bhargava (born 1974)
• Ritabrata Munshi (born 1976)
• Amit Garg (born 1978)
• Subhash Khot (born 1978)
• Sourav Chatterjee (born 1979)
• Akshay Venkatesh (born 1981)
• Sucharit Sarkar (born 1983)
• Neena Gupta (born 1984)
• Nayandeep Deka Baruah (born 1972)
• Anand Kumar (born 1973)