This list contains the names of Japanese dissidents in Imperial Japan, which lasted from the Meiji period (1868-1912) to the end of World War II. The list includes, but not limited to, communists, anarchists, and religious dissidents.

A

• Kazuo Aoyama, a communist

D

• Taisen Deshimaru, a buddhist teacher

H

• Teru Hasegawa, an esperantist

I

• Shoichi Ichikawa, a Japanese Communist Party member
• Yuki Ikeda
• Ayako Ishigaki, a journalist
• Noe Itō

K

• Wataru Kaji, a writer
• Shigeo Kamiyama, a Japanese Communist Party member
• Fumiko Kaneko, a pre-Shōwa period assassin
• Sen Katayama, founding member of the Japanese Communist Party
• Takiji Kobayashi, an author of proletarian literature
• Shūsui Kōtoku, a Japanese anarchist
• Tokuda Kyuichi

M

• Tsunesaburō Makiguchi, Soka Gakkai member
• Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese Communist Party member

N

• Daisuke Namba, pre-Shōwa period assassin
• Eitaro Noro, Japanese Communist Party member
• Sanzo Nosaka, Japanese Communist Party leader

O

• George Ohsawa, pacifist
• Shigeki Oka, socialist
• Sakae Ōsugi, anarchist

S

• Yoshio Shiga

T

• Jōsei Toda, Soka Gakkai member
• Makoto Tomioka, anarchist

Y

• Mitsu Yashima, artist, and wife of Taro Yashima
• Taro Yashima, artist