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((Short description|none))
((more citations needed|date=September 2014))
This article provides non-exhaustive lists of [[Java SE]] '''[[Java virtual machine]]s''' (JVMs). It does not include every [[Java ME]] vendor. Note that [[Java EE]] runs on the standard Java SE JVM but that some vendors specialize in providing a modified JVM optimized for Java EE applications. Much Java development work takes place on [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Oracle Solaris|Solaris]], [[Linux]], and [[FreeBSD]], primarily with the [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] JVMs. Note the further complication of different [[32-bit computing|32-bit]]/[[64-bit]] varieties.

The primary reference Java VM implementation is [[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]], produced by [[Oracle Corporation]] and many other big and medium-sized companies (e.g. [[IBM]], [[Red Hat|Redhat]], [[Microsoft]], [[Azul Systems|Azul]], [[SAP]]).

== Free and open source implementations ==
=== Active ===
* [[Codename One]] &ndash; uses the open source ParparVM
* [[Eclipse OpenJ9]] &ndash; open-source from IBM J9, for AIX, Linux (x86, Power, and Z), macOS, Windows, MVS, OS/400, Pocket PC, z/OS.
* [[GraalVM]] &ndash; is based on HotSpot/OpenJDK, it has a polyglot feature, to transparently mix and match supported languages.
* [[HotSpot (virtual machine)|HotSpot]] &ndash; the open-source Java VM implementation by Oracle.
* [[Jikes RVM]] (Jikes Research Virtual Machine) &ndash; research project. [[PowerPC|PPC]] and [[IA-32]]. Supports Apache Harmony and GNU Classpath libraries. [[Eclipse Public License]].
* [[leJOS]] &ndash; Robotics suite, a firmware replacement for [[Lego Mindstorms]] programmable bricks, provides a Java programming environment for the Lego Mindstorms RCX and NXT robots.
* [[Maxine Virtual Machine|Maxine]] &ndash; meta-circular open source research VM from Oracle Labs and the University of Manchester.

=== Inactive ===
* [[Apache Harmony]] &ndash; supports several architectures and systems. Discontinued November 2011. [[Apache License]] 2.0.
* GCJ the [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] Java compiler, that compiles either to bytecode or to native machine code. As of GCC 7, gcj and associated libjava runtime library have been removed from GCC.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GCJ|title=GCJ - GCC Wiki|website=gcc.gnu.org))</ref>
* [[IKVM.NET]] &ndash; Java for [[Mono (software)|Mono]] and the Microsoft .NET Framework. Uses [[OpenJDK]]. [[Zlib License]].
* [[JamVM]] &ndash; developed to be an extremely small virtual machine. Uses GNU Classpath and [[OpenJDK]]. Supports several architectures. GPL. Last update 2014.
* [[Java optimized processor|JOP]] &ndash; hardware implementation of the JVM. GPL 3.
* [[Juice (JVM)|Juice]] &ndash; [[JavaME]] experimental [[Java virtual machine|JVM]] developed to run on the NUXI operating system.
* [[Jupiter JVM|Jupiter]] &ndash; uses [[Boehm garbage collector]] and GNU Classpath. GPL. Unmaintained.
* [[Kaffe]] &ndash; uses GNU Classpath. GPL. 1.1.9 released on February 26, 2008.
* [[Mika VM]] &ndash; intended for use in embedded devices. Cross-platform. [[BSD-style licence]].
* [[NanoVM]] &ndash; developed to run on the [[Atmel AVR]] ATmega8 used in the Asuro Robot, can be ported to other AVR-based systems.
* [[SableVM]] &ndash; first free software JVM to support [[Java Platform Debugger Architecture|<span title="Java Virtual Machine Debugging Interface" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px black">JVMDI</span> and <span title="Java Debug Wire Protocol" style="border-bottom:dotted 1px black">JDWP</span>]]. Makes use of GNU Classpath. LGPL. Version 1.13 released on March 30, 2007.
* [[Squawk virtual machine]] &ndash; a [[Java ME]] VM for embedded systems and small devices. Cross-Platform. GPL.
* [[SuperWaba]] &ndash; Java-like virtual machine for portable devices. GPL. Discontinued, succeeded by TotalCross.
* [[TakaTuka]] &ndash; for [[wireless sensor network]] devices. GPL.
* [[TinyVM]].
* VMKit of [[LLVM]].
* [[Wonka VM]] &ndash; developed to run on Acunia's ARM-based hardware. Some code drawn from GNU Classpath. [[BSD-style licence]]. No longer under active development, superseded by [[Mika VM]].

=== Java operating systems ===
Some JVM's are intended to run without an underlying OS.

* [[JX (operating system)|JX]] &ndash; Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen. GPL. Version 0.1.1 released on October 10, 2007
* [[JavaOS]] &ndash; Original project from Sun Microsystems

== Proprietary implementations ==
=== Active ===
* [[Azul Systems|Azul Platform Prime]] &ndash; a fully compliant, high-performance Java virtual machine based on OpenJDK that uses [[Azul Systems]]'s C4 garbage collector and Falcon JIT compiler.
* [[JamaicaVM]] (aicas) &ndash; a hard real-time Java VM for embedded systems.

=== Inactive ===
* [[Excelsior JET]] &ndash; a licensed Java SE implementation with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|AOT compiler]] for Windows, OS X, and Linux on [[X86|Intel x86]] and Linux on 32-bit [[ARM architecture|ARM]].
* [[Jinitiator]] &ndash; developed by Oracle before they purchased Sun. Designed to improve support for [[Oracle Forms]] in web sites.
* [[JRockit]] (originally from [[Appeal Virtual Machines]]) &ndash; acquired by Oracle for Linux, Windows and Solaris.
* [[Mac OS Runtime for Java]] (MRJ). 
* [[Microsoft Java Virtual Machine]] &ndash; discontinued in 2001.

=== Lesser-known proprietary Java virtual machines ===
* [[Blackdown Java]] was a licensed port to Linux of the reference SunSoft implementation. It was discontinued in 2007, after [[OpenJDK]] became available.
* Sun CVM &ndash; CVM originally standing for "Compact Java Virtual Machine".
* [[Gemstone Database Management System|Gemstone]] &ndash; modified for Java EE features (application DBMS).
* [[Intent (software)#Intent|Intent]] (Tao Group).
* [[PreonVM]] &ndash; a Java VM for embedded systems and small and resource constrained devices.

== See also ==
((Portal|Computer programming))
* [[Comparison of Java virtual machines]]
* [[Free Java implementations]]
* [[Java processor]]
* [[Dalvik virtual machine]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://java-virtual-machine.net/other.html List of Java virtual machines (JVMs), Java development kits (JDKs), Java runtime environments (JREs)]

((Java Virtual Machine))

[[Category:Java platform software]]
[[Category:Java virtual machine|Java virtual machine]]
[[Category:Lists of software|Java virtual machines]]

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