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This is a list of [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] dynasties, countries and [[autonomous territories]]. The Kurds are a people without their own ethnic state residing in eastern [[Turkey]], northern [[Iraq]], western [[Iran]], northwestern [[Syria]] and some parts of [[Armenia]]. (For more information see [[Origin of the Kurds]].)<ref>((Cite journal|last=Limbert|first=John|date=1968|title=The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4309997|journal=[[Iranian Studies]]|volume=1|issue=2|page=48|doi=10.1080/00210866808701350|jstor=4309997|via=JSTOR))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=James|first=Boris|date=September 2006|title=Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources|url=https://www.institutkurde.org/en/conferences/kurdish_studies_irbil_2006/Boris+JAMES.html|access-date=4 April 2021|website=Institut Kurde))</ref>

==Early entities ==
[[File:Ayyubid Sultanate 1193 AD.jpg|thumb|250px|Ayyubid dynasty in 1193]]
* [[Sadakiyans]] (770–827)
* [[Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi|''Daysam'']] (938–955)<ref>((Cite journal |last=Bosworth |date=1994 |title=Daysam |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/daysam |journal=Iranica Online))</ref>
* [[Hadhabani (tribe)|Hadhabanis]] (906–1080)
* [[Aishanids]] (912–961)<ref>((cite book|last=Tor|first=D.G.|title=The Abbasid and Carolingian Empires: Studies in Civilizational Formation|publisher=Brill Academic Pub|year=2017|pages=54–55))</ref>
* [[Shaddadids]] (951–1199)<ref name="Hassanpour50">Amir Hassanpour, ''Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985'', Mellen Research University Press, 1992, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fP9jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Annazids+(991-1117,+Hulwan)%22 p. 50.]</ref>
* [[Rawadid dynasty|Rawwadids]] (955–1071) 
* [[Hasanwayhids]] (959–1014)((Sfnp|Gunter|2010|p=117))
* [[Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)|Marwanids]] (983–1096)<ref name="Hassanpour50" />
* [[Annazids]] (990/91<ref name=":02">((Cite journal|last=Aḥmad|first=K. M.|date=1985|title=ʿANNAZIDS|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/annazids-banu-annaz-a-kurdish-dynasty-r|journal=[[Iranica Online]]|volume=II))</ref><ref name=":1">((Encyclopaedia Islamica|last1=Pezeshk|first1=Manouchehr|last2=Negahban|first2=Farzin|year=2008|title=ʿAnnāzids|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/annazids-COM_0282?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.q=buyid))</ref>–1117)<ref name=":02"/>
* [[Shabankara]] (11th century–12th century)((sfn|Büchner|2012))((sfn|Spuler|2012))
* [[Principality of Eğil]] (1049–1864, [[Diyarbakir]])<ref>((cite book|last=Han|first=Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur)|title=Şerefname|publisher=Sîtav|year=2016|isbn=978-605-66520-1-1|location=Van|page=204))</ref>
* [[Hazaraspids]] (1115–1425)
* [[Ayyubid dynasty]] (1171–1341)<ref>R. S. Humphreys, ''Ayyubids'', "Encyclopaedia Iranica", (August 18, 2011),[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayyubids]</ref>
* [[Principality of Bitlis]] (1187–1847)
* Vassaldom of [[Ardalan]] (14th century<ref name=":03">((cite web|last1=Oberling|first1=P.|title=BANĪ ARDALĀN|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bani-ardalan-a-kurdish-tribe-of-northwestern-iran-now-dispersed-in-sanandaj-senna-and-surrounding-villages|access-date=2011-09-21|website=Encyclopædia Iranica))</ref>–1865 or 1868<ref>((cite book|author1=David Mcdowall|url=http://bnk.institutkurde.org/images/pdf/FR5LWJGXKM.pdf|title=The Kurds|date=1996|publisher=Minority Rights Group International Report|page=20|access-date=2 May 2020))</ref><ref name="Abdulla-Ali2">((cite book|author1=Najat Abdulla-Ali|title=Empire, frontière et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932)|date=2006|page=159|language=fr))</ref>)
* [[Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli|Zakarids]] (1161–1360)<ref>Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan, ((ISBN|5-02-017569-2)), ((ISBN|978-5-02-017569-3)), ''It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane's great grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir''</ref><ref>Vladimir Minorsky, 1953, Studies in Caucasian History, p. 102, CUP Archive, ((ISBN|0-521-05735-3)), ((ISBN|978-0-521-05735-6)), ''According to a tradition which has every reason to be true, their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe (xel) Babirakan.''</ref><ref>Richard Barrie Dobson, 2000, Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J, p. 107, Editions du Cerf, University of Michigan, ((ISBN|0-227-67931-8)), ((ISBN|978-0-227-67931-9)), ''under the Christianized Kurdish dynasty of Zak'arids they tried to re-establish nazarar system...''</ref>
* [[Emirate of Çemişgezek]] (13th century–1663)((Sfnp|Ünal|1999|pp=262–263))
* [[Mukriyan]] (14th century–19th century)<ref>((Cite journal|last=Hassanpour|first=Amir|date=1989|title=BŪKĀN|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bukan-kurd|journal=[[Encyclopedia Iranica]]|volume=IV))</ref>
* [[Zarrinnaal|Zarrinnaal Dynasty]] (1448–1925)
* [[Emirate of Pazooka]] (1499–1587)<ref>((cite book|title=Şerefname|first=Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur)|last=Han|year=2016|publisher=Sîtav|location=Van|isbn=978-605-66520-1-1|page=375))</ref>
* [[Principality of Suleyman]]((Sfnp|Houtsma|1993|p=1144-1445)) (15th century–1838)
* [[Soran Emirate|Emirate of Soran]] (before 1514((sfnp|Ghalib|2011|p=50))–1836((sfnp|Ebraheem|2013|p=235)))
* Emirate of Miks (?–1846)((Sfnp|Hakan|2002))

== Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty (13th century–19th century) ==
Various Kurdish political entities blossomed in the period after the disestablishment of the [[Ayyubid dynasty]] in 1260. Some of these rulers claimed descent from the Ayyubids.
* [[Principality of Donboli]] (1210–1799)((sfnp|Başçı|2019|p=63))
* [[Emirate of Bingöl]] (1231–1864)((sfnp|Maisel|2018|p=131))
* [[Emirate of Hasankeyf]] (1232((sfnp|Maisel|2018|p=131))–1524((sfnp|Maisel|2018|p=131)))
* [[Emirate of Kilis]]((sfnp|Soyudoğan|2015))
* [[Emirate of Şirvan]] (?–1840s)((sfnp|Verheij|2018))
* [[Emirate of Hakkâri]] (?–1845)((Sfnp|Flynn|2017|p=663))
* [[Principality of Zirqan]] (1335–1835)
* [[Emirate of Bahdinan]] (1339((Sfnp|Aboona|2008|p=175))–1843((sfnp|Eppel|2018|p=42)))
* [[Bohtan|Emirate of Bohtan]] (?–1833)((sfnp|Eppel|2018|p=42))
* [[Principality of Mahmudi]] (1406–1839)((Sfnp|Top|1998|p=6-9))
* [[Pinyaşi principality|Principality of Pinyaşi]] (1548–1823)((Sfnp|Kaplan|2015|p=4))

== Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia (13th century–19th century) ==
For various reasons, Kurdish entities existed as [[buffer zone]]s between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and [[Persia]] throughout history. These include:

* [[Khoy Khanate]] (1210–1799)
* [[Emirate of Palu]] (1495–1845)<ref>Nusret Aydın, Diyarbakır and Mirdasiler History, 2011, p. 304-305</ref>
* [[Emirate of Bradost]] (1510–1609)((Sfnp|Dehqan|Genç|2019))
* [[Baban]] (16th century–1850)((Sfnp|Behn|1988))
* [[Tabriz Khanate]] (1757–1799)<ref name=":3" />
* Hasan Khan dynasty in Pish-e Kuh (1795–1820)<ref>((Cite journal|last=Dehqn|first=Mustafa|date=2009|title=Arkawāzī and His Baweyaļ: A Feylî Elegiac Verse from Piştiku|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597563|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=42|issue=3|pages=409–422|doi=10.1080/00210860902907362|jstor=25597563|s2cid=159957313))</ref>
* [[Sarab Khanate]] (18th century)<ref name=":3">((cite journal|last=Tapper|first=Richard|title=Shahsevan|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/shahsevan|work=[[Encyclopedia Iranica]]|year=2010))</ref>

== Other dynasties of Kurdish ancestry ==
* [[Zand dynasty]] (1750–1794) – The dynasty is of Kurdish Lak origin.<ref name="iranica-perry">((cite web|last1=Perry|first1=John|title=ZAND DYNASTY|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/zand-dynasty|website=iranicaonline.org|publisher=Encyclopædia Iranica|access-date=24 March 2017|language=en|quote=The founder of the dynasty was Moḥammad Karim Khan b. Ināq Khan (...) of the Bagala branch of the Zand, a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of Lors (perhaps originally Kurds; see Minorsky, p. 616) (...)))</ref><ref name="Cambridge">''...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin.'', Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), ''The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', Cambridge University Press, 1991, ((ISBN|978-0-521-20095-0)), [https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&pg=PA64 p. 64.]</ref>
*[[Safavid dynasty]] (1501–1736) – The dynasty was partly of Kurdish origin.<ref>((Harvnb|Matthee|2005|p=17)); ((Harvnb|Matthee|2008)).</ref>((Sfn|Amoretti|Matthee|2009))((Sfn|Savory|2008|p=8))

== 20th-21st century entities ==

* [[Kurdish state (1918–1919)|Kurdish State]] (1918–1919)
* [[Kingdom of Kurdistan]] (1921–1924 and 1925)
* [[Kurdistansky Uyezd]] (1923–1929) and Kurdistan Okrug (1930)
* [[Republic of Ararat]] (1927–1931)
* [[Republic of Mahabad]] (1946–1947)
* [[Kurdish Republic of Lachin|Republic of Laçin]] (1992)<ref>((Cite book|last1=Kemper|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYmsAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Republic+of+La%C3%A7in%22&pg=PA92|title=The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies|last2=Conermann|first2=Stephan|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-83854-5|pages=92|language=|quote=In 1992 the area of Laçin was occupied by Armeian forces; a "Kurdish Republic of Laçin" was subsequently declared by local Kurds, but this remained a rather short-lived - not to say stillborn - adventure))</ref>
* [[Islamic Emirate of Byara]] (2001–2003)
<gallery>
File:Kurdistan1920.png|Provisions of the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] for an independent Kurdistan (in 1920)
File:Kingdom of kurdistan 1923.png|Kingdom of Kurdistan (1923)
File:Republic of mahabad and iranian azerbaijan 1945 1946.png|Republic of Mahabad, (1945–1946)
File: Iraq kurdish areas 2003 vector.svg| Islamic Emirate of Byara (black) at their peak, controlling the entire [[Halabja Governorate]]
</gallery>

==Current entities==
*[[Kurdistan Region]] (autonomous region in [[Iraq]], 1970–present)
*[[Rojava|Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria]] (self-proclaimed autonomous region declared during the [[Syrian Civil War]] by the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]]) (2012–present)

<gallery>
File:Kurdistan 1975.png|Iraqi Kurdistan in 1975
File:Kurdistan 1998.png| Iraqi Kurdistan in 1998
File:Kurdistan 2012.png| Iraqi Kurdistan in 2012
File:Autonomous Region Kurdistan-en.png|Modern Iraqi Kurdistan
File:De Facto Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.png|Kurdish-led [[Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria]]
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Rawadids map.png|Rawadid Dynasty

</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Kurdish emirates]]
*[[Kurdistan Eyalet]]
*[[House of Kayus]]
*[[Corduene]]
* [[A Modern History of the Kurds]] by David McDowall

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==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110615172558/http://modersmal.skolutveckling.se/nordkurdiska/kurdmap/images/Kurdish%20Independent%20Kingdoms%20and%20Autonomous%20Principalities%20circa%201835_gif_gif.jpg Historical map: Kurdish states in 1835]
* [http://www.institutkurde.org/images/cartes_and_maps/kurdish_political_enclave.jpg Historical map: Kurdish political enclaves and territorial demands, 1919-98]

[[Category:Kurdish dynasties|*]]
[[Category:Former Kurdish states|*]]
[[Category:Lists of former countries|Kurds]]
[[Category:Former countries in West Asia|Kurdish]]
[[Category:Kurdistan independence movement]]
[[Category:Lists of dynasties|Kurdish]]