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This is a list of notable people, of all ethnicities, born in the Republic of Moldova, the Moldovan SSR or the historical province of Bessarabia.

Artists and architects

• Baruch Agadati (1895-1976), Palestinian-Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director
• Tudor Cataraga, sculptor
• Nachum Gutman (1898-1980), Teleneşti-born Israeli painter, sculptor, and author
• Andrei Mudrea, painter
• Alexandru Plămădeală, sculptor
• Mihai Petric, painter
• Alexey Shchusev, Russian architect
• Tudor Zbârnea, painter

Writers

• Alexandru Donici, poet and translator
• Ion Creanga, writer
• Alexei Mateevici, poet and publicist
• Alexandru Hâjdeu, writer
• Alecu Russo, writer
• Victor Ciobanu, writer and specialist in agriculture
• Bogdan Petriceicu-Hașdeu, writer and historian
• Constantin Stamati, writer and translator
• Constantin Stamati-Ciurea, writer and translator
• Constantin Stere, writer
• Dumitru Matcovschi, poet
• Grigore Vieru, poet and writer
• Ion Anton, poet and writer
• Ion Druță, novelist
• Ion Vatamanu, poet
• Ion Hadârcă, writer
• Lidia Kulikovski (born 1951), librarian, bibliographer and editor
• Liviu Damian, poet
• Mihai Eminescu, poet, novelist, and journalist
• Petru Cărare, poet and epigrammatist
• Sorana Gurian, writer
• Vasile Vasilache, writer
• Victor Teleucă, writer and poet
• Vladimir Beșleagă, novelist

Musicians

• Eugen Doga
• Maria Bieșu
• Maria Cebotari
• Matthew Cornelius
• Sofia Rotaru
• Anatol Dumitras
• Nicolae Glib
• Anastasia Lazariuc
• Ion Suruceanu
• Nelly Ciobanu
• Zdob şi Zdub
• Anna Odobescu, singer and actress
• Valentina Naforniță, soprano opera singer
• Dan Bălan, pop singer
• Arsenie Todiraș, pop singer
• Natalia Barbu, pop singer
• Maria Bieșu, opera singer
• Geta Burlacu, singer
• Maria Cebotari, opera singer
• Mihai Dolgan, pop singer
• Valeriu Găină, guitarist
• Lidia Isac, pop singer
• Radu Marian, opera singer
• Sofia Rotaru, pop singer
• Radu Sîrbu, pop singer
• Pavel Stratan, folk singer
• Vika Jigulina, pop singer made famous for her hit Stereo Love
• Mark Zeltser, concert pianist
• Andrew Rayel, trance producer and DJ
• Sergey Stepanov, saxophonist, feminist

Composers

• Ion Aldea-Teodorovici, singer
• Eugen Coca
• Eugen Doga
• Arkady Luxemburg
• Gavriil Musicescu
• Stefan Neaga

Scientists

• Lev Berg, Russian biologist and geographer
• Ștefan Ciobanu, historian
• Nicolae Donici, astronomer
• Jerzy Neyman, Polish statistician
• Sergiu Rădăuțan, physicist
• Nikolay Sclifosovsky, Russian surgeon and physiologist
• Nicolae Testemițanu, physician, surgeon and hygienist
• Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Russian chemist
• George de Bothezat (Gheorghe Botezatu), engineer and pioneer of helicopter flight

Athletes

• Radu Albot (born 1989), first Moldovan tennis player to win an ATP title^[1]
• Olga Bolşova (born 1968), athlete
• Alexandru Bratan (born 1977), weightlifter
• Serghei Covalciuc (born 1982), football player
• Ion Gonța, (born 1978), boxer
• Vitalie Grușac
• Nicolae Juravschi
• Fedor Kassapu
• Boris Polak (born 1954), Israeli world champion and Olympic sport shooter
• Naum Prokupets
• Alex Sherman
• Sergey Spivak, UFC fighter
• Andrei Tchmil
• Vadim Vacarciuc
• Marina Shafir

Businessmen

• Anatol Stati
• Gabriel Stati
• Ion Sturza
• Oleg Voronin
• Sam Zemurray

Politicians

• Dumitru Braghiș, former chairman of the Party for Social Democracy, former MP, former Prime Minister of Moldova
• Dorin Chirtoacă, mayor of Chișinău
• Dumitru Diacov, honorary chairman of the Democratic Party, MP, former speaker of Parliament
• Vladimir Filat, former Prime Minister of Moldova, the Liberal-Democratic Party leader
• Mihai Ghimpu, chairman of the Liberal Party, MP
• Victor Guzun, Ambassador of the Republic of Moldova to Estonia
• Avigdor Lieberman, Moldovan-born Israeli Minister of Finance
• Petru Lucinschi, former President of Democratic Party, MP, former speaker of the Parliament
• Alexandru Moșanu, historian, former speaker of Parliament
• Iurie Roșca, chairman of the Christian-Democratic Peoples Party, former deputy speaker of the Parliament
• Oleg Serebrian, political scientist and diplomat, former chairman of the Social-Liberal Party, former MP
• Mircea Snegur, former President of Moldova (3 Sept 1990 - 15 Jan 1997)
• Vasile Tarlev, former Prime Minister of Moldova
• Stepan Topal, Gagauz politician and activist
• Serafim Urechean, former chairman of the "Our Moldova Alliance", former MP
• Vladimir Voronin, former President of Moldova (7 Apr 2001 - 11 Sep 2009)

Other

• Daria Harjevschi (1862-1934), librarian who improved the services of the Chișinău Public Library
• Xenia Deli, fashion model