A black and white photograph of baseball players in uniforms and caps posed in three rows standing, sitting, and kneeing on a baseball field
The 1980 Sounds set a team-best 97–46 (.678) record playing as the Double-A affiliate of the New York Yankees in the Southern League.

The Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team has played in Nashville, Tennessee, for 46 years since being established in 1978. As of the completion of the 2023 season, the club has played 6,422 regular-season games and compiled a win–loss record of 3,320–3,100–2 (.517). They have appeared in the postseason on 16 occasions in which they have a record of 49–44 (.527) in 93 games. Combining all 6,515 regular-season and postseason games, Nashville has an all-time record of 3,369–3,144–2 (.517).

Created as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League (SL) in 1978, the Sounds played in this league through 1984. At the Double-A classification, Nashville was affiliated with Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds (1978–1979) and New York Yankees (1980–1984). The Sounds moved up to Triple-A in 1985 as members of the American Association (AA) before joining the Pacific Coast League (PCL) in 1998. They were placed in the Triple-A East (AAAE) in 2021, but this became the International League (IL) in 2022. At this level, they have been affiliates of the Detroit Tigers (1985–1986), Cincinnati Reds (1987–1992), Chicago White Sox (1993–1997), Pittsburgh Pirates (1998–2004), Milwaukee Brewers (2005–2014), Oakland Athletics (2015–2018), and Texas Rangers (2019–2020). The Sounds reaffiliated with the Milwaukee Brewers in 2021.

Nashville reached the postseason in six of their seven years in the Southern League, all by means of winning the Second-Half Western Division title. They went on to win three Western Division titles and two Southern League championships during this period. Their first championship came in 1979 as the Double-A affiliate of the Reds and their second in 1982 as the Double-A affiliate of the Yankees. The Sounds' 13 years in the American Association were less successful. Though Nashville posted eight winning seasons and qualified for the playoffs three times, including twice by virtue of clinching the Eastern Division title, they failed to win an American Association championship. Over 23 years as members of the Pacific Coast League, the Sounds won five division titles, two conference titles, and one Pacific Coast League championship. Their lone PCL title came in 2005 as the Triple-A affiliate of the Brewers. Nashville has made one appearance in the International League playoffs by clinching the Western Division title but has not won an IL championship.

The team's best season record occurred in 1980 when they finished 97–46 (.678) as the Double-A Yankees. Their lowest season record was 57–87 (.396) in 2013 as the Triple-A Brewers. Of the eight Major League Baseball teams with which Nashville has been affiliated, the Sounds experienced their best record as the Double-A farm club of the Yankees from 1980 to 1984. They had a composite season record of 417–306 (.577) and reached the postseason in all five years, winning two Western Division titles and one Southern League championship. Including a postseason mark of 14–14 (.500), their overall record was 431–320 (.574). Conversely, the team's lowest record was as the Rangers' Triple-A club from 2019 to 2020. The Sounds incurred a 66–72 (.478) record and did not reach the postseason during the affiliation.

History

Southern League (1978–1984)

The Nashville Sounds were created as an expansion team of the Double-A Southern League (SL) in 1978.[1] The league used a split-season schedule wherein the division winners from each half qualified for the postseason championship playoffs.[2] As the Double-A affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds,[3] the Sounds had a losing record and did not qualify for the playoffs in their inaugural 1978 season.[2] This was the only time in which the team finished under .500 and missed the playoffs during their seven years as members of the league.[2] Nashville won six consecutive Second-Half Western Division titles from 1979 to 1984.[2] The 1979 club defeated the Memphis Chicks to win the Western Division title before winning their first Southern League championship against the Columbus Astros.[2] Through two seasons with Cincinnati, the Sounds had a 147–138 (.516) regular-season win–loss record, while they went 5–2 (.714) in the postseason, for a composite record of 152–140 (.521).[2]

A black and white photograph of baseball players in uniforms and caps posed in three rows standing, sitting, and kneeing on a baseball field
The Sounds won the 1982 Southern League championship as the Double-A affiliate of the New York Yankees.

Nashville became the Double-A affiliate of the New York Yankees in 1980 and began the partnership by setting their all-time best season record of 97–46 (.678).[4][5] Despite finishing atop the league standings, they were defeated in the division series by Memphis.[2] In 1981, the team again posted a league-best 81–62 (.566) record and swept Memphis in the division series but lost the SL title to the Orlando Twins.[2] The 1982 Sounds won the division title over the Knoxville Blue Jays and defeated the Jacksonville Suns to capture their second SL championship.[2] Each of the next two seasons ended with their elimination in the division series—by the Birmingham Barons in 1983 and Knoxville in 1984.[2] Of all the Major League Baseball teams with which Nashville has been affiliated, the Sounds experienced their best record with New York from 1980 to 1984. They were 417–306 (.577) in the regular-season and 14–14 (.500) in postseason play, giving them a composite record of 431–320 (.574).[2]

American Association (1985–1997)

The Sounds moved to the Triple-A American Association (AA) in 1985 as an affiliate of the Detroit Tigers.[5][6] Nashville finished one game over .500 in 1985 and incurred a losing record in 1986, their first since 1978.[5] Over two years with Detroit, they had a 139–144–2 (.491) record and did not qualify for the playoffs.[5]

Nashville reaffiliated with the Cincinnati Reds at Triple-A in 1987.[3] They qualified for the American Association playoffs for the first time in 1990 by winning the Eastern Division title, but they were defeated by the Omaha Royals in the championship round.[7] Posting an even number of winning and losing seasons over a six-year span with the Reds, the Sounds had a 429–433 (.498) record, went 2–3 (.400) in their only playoff appearance, and had a composite record of 431–436 (.497).[5][7] Combining their Triple-A affiliation and the previous Double-A partnership with Cincinnati, they had a record of 576–571 (.502), a 7–5 (.583) postseason record, and were 583–576 (.503) overall.[5][7]

The Sounds became part of the Chicago White Sox organization in 1993.[8] They reached the postseason that first year with a Western Division title win but lost the AA championship to the Iowa Cubs.[7] Having earned a second-place playoff berth in 1994, they advanced past the New Orleans Zephyrs in the semifinals but lost a second consecutive title versus the Indianapolis Indians.[7] During the five-year affiliation with Chicago, which included four winning campaigns, the Sounds had a season record of 383–335 (.533) and went 7–7 (.500) in postseason play, for a composite of 390–342 (.533).[5][7]

Pacific Coast League (1998–2020)

A view from the right field line of the seating bowl at Greer. Blue seats stretch from the right field wall, behind home plate, and beyond the third base dugout.
The Sounds played at Herschel Greer Stadium from 1978 to 2014.[9]

Nashville moved to the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (PCL) in 1998 following the disbandment of the American Association after the 1997 season.[10] As an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates,[11] the Sounds reached the postseason for the first time in eight years when they qualified for the PCL playoffs by winning the American Conference Eastern Division title in 2003.[7] They went on to win the American Conference title over the Albuquerque Isotopes, but they lost in the finals to the Sacramento River Cats.[7] All told, Nashville incurred losing records in four out of seven seasons with Pittsburgh in which they had a 490–504 (.493) record, were 3–4 (.429) in their single postseason appearance, and had a composite record of 493–508 (.493).[5][7]

The Sounds became an affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers in 2005.[12] That season, the team clinched the American Conference Northern Division title, won the conference title over the Oklahoma RedHawks, and swept the Tacoma Rainiers to win their only Pacific Coast League championship.[7] They made a bid to repeat as PCL champions in 2006 with another division title, but they lost to the Round Rock Express in the conference series.[7] The 2007 Sounds posted a league-leading 89–55 (.618) record, winning the division, but they were eliminated by New Orleans in the first round.[5][7] The team experienced only four losing seasons in 10 years with the Brewers, including its all-time low of 57–87 (.396) in 2013.[5] At the end of the affiliation with Milwaukee, the longest in team history, they had accumulated a 723–713 (.503) record, a 9–8 (.529) mark in postseason competition, and were 732–721 (.504) overall.[5][7]

Nashville joined the Oakland Athletics organization in 2015.[13] The 2016 Sounds ended an eight-year playoff drought by clinching the American Conference Southern Division title with a league-best 83–59 (.585) record, but the postseason run ended with a loss to the Oklahoma City Dodgers in the conference series.[5][7] Over four years with Oakland, Nashville's season record was 289–276 (.512), while they went 2–3 (.400) in their only playoff appearance, for a composite record of 291–279 (.511).[5][7]

The Sounds affiliated with the Texas Rangers in 2019.[14] With the 2020 season being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic before it began and Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball after the season, this became their only campaign as a Rangers affiliate.[15][16] With Texas, Nashville had a 66–72 (.478) record, their lowest among all affiliations, and did not qualify for the playoffs.[5]

Triple-A East / International League (2021–present)

A green baseball field surrounded by its brown shale warning track and blue seats viewed from the concourse by the yellow left field foul pole on a sunny afternoon
The Sounds have played at First Horizon Park since 2015.[17]

In conjunction with the 2021 restructuring of the minor leagues, the Sounds reaffiliated with the Milwaukee Brewers and were placed in the new Triple-A East (AAAE).[16] Instead of holding traditional playoffs to determine a league champion, the team with the best record was declared the winner, but 10 games were added onto the schedule as a postseason tournament, called the Triple-A Final Stretch, in which all 30 Triple-A clubs competed for the highest winning percentage.[18] Nashville finished the tournament tied for fourth place with a 7–2 (.778) record.[19] In 2022, the Triple-A East became known as the International League (IL).[20] The Sounds won the 2022 Western Division title with a league-best 91–58 (.611) record,[5] but they lost a single playoff game to determine the IL championship against the Durham Bulls.[21] The 2023 season was played with a split-season format in which the teams with the best league-wide records at the end of each half qualified for the playoffs.[22] Nashville did not win either half, though they did have the best second-half record in their division.[23] Over three seasons as a Brewers affiliate, Nashville holds a 237–179 (.570) record, a 7–3 (.700) postseason record, and a 244–182 (.573) composite record.[5][7] Combining both the current and former affiliations with Milwaukee, they are 960–827 (.518) in the regular-season and 16–11 (.593) in the postseason, giving them an overall record of 967–906 (.496).[5][7]

Season-by-season records

Key
League The team's final position in the league standings
Division The team's final position in the divisional standings
GB Games behind the team that finished in first place in the division that season
Apps. Postseason appearances: number of seasons the team qualified for the postseason
† League champions (1978–present)
§ Conference champions (1998–2020)
* Division champions (1978–2022)
^ Postseason berth (1978–present)
Season-by-season records
Season League Regular-season Postseason MLB affiliate Ref.
Record Win % League Division GB Record Win % Result
1978 SL 64–77 .454 9th 4th 22+1⁄2 — — — Cincinnati Reds [24]
1979
^ * † 		SL 83–61 .576 2nd 1st — 5–2 .714 Won Second-Half Western Division title[25]
Won Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 2–1[7]
Won SL championship vs. Columbus Astros, 3–1[26] 		Cincinnati Reds [27]
1980
^ 		SL 97–46 .678 1st 1st — 1–3 .250 Won Second-Half Western Division title[1]
Lost Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 3–1[1] 		New York Yankees [28]
1981
^ * 		SL 81–62 .566 1st 1st — 4–3 .571 Won Second-Half Western Division title[29]
Won Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 3–0[7]
Lost SL championship vs. Orlando Twins, 3–1[26] 		New York Yankees [30]
1982
^ * † 		SL 77–67 .535 2nd 1st — 6–2 .750 Won Second-Half Western Division title[31]
Won Western Division title vs. Knoxville Blue Jays, 3–1[7]
Won SL championship vs. Jacksonville Suns, 3–1[26] 		New York Yankees [32]
1983
^ 		SL 88–58 .603 2nd 2nd 3+1⁄2 2–3 .400 Won Second-Half Western Division title[33]
Lost Western Division title vs. Birmingham Barons, 3–2[7] 		New York Yankees [34]
1984
^ 		SL 74–73 .503 5th 1st — 1–3 .250 Won Second-Half Western Division title[35][n 1]
Lost Western Division title vs. Knoxville Blue Jays, 3–1[7] 		New York Yankees [36]
1985 AA 71–70–1 .504 5th 2nd 2+1⁄2 — — — Detroit Tigers [37]
1986 AA 68–74–1 .479 6th 3rd 12 — — — Detroit Tigers [38]
1987 AA 64–76 .457 7th (tie) —[n 2] 15 — — — Cincinnati Reds [39]
1988 AA 73–69 .514 4th 2nd 16 — — — Cincinnati Reds [40]
1989 AA 74–72 .507 3rd (tie) 3rd 13 — — — Cincinnati Reds [41]
1990
* 		AA 86–61 .585 2nd 1st — 2–3 .400 Won Eastern Division title[n 3]
Lost AA championship vs. Omaha Royals, 3–2[43] 		Cincinnati Reds [44]
1991 AA 65–78 .455 6th 3rd 16 — — — Cincinnati Reds [45]
1992 AA 67–77 .465 6th (tie) 4th 20 — — — Cincinnati Reds [46]
1993
* 		AA 81–62 .566 2nd 1st — 3–4 .429 Won Eastern Division title
Lost AA championship vs. Iowa Cubs, 4–3[43] 		Chicago White Sox [47]
1994
^ 		AA 83–61 .576 2nd —[n 4] 3+1⁄2 4–3 .571 Won semifinals vs. New Orleans Zephyrs, 3–0[7]
Lost AA championship vs. Indianapolis Indians, 3–1[43] 		Chicago White Sox [48]
1995 AA 68–76 .472 6th —[n 5] 20 — — — Chicago White Sox [49]
1996 AA 77–67 .535 4th 3rd 7 — — — Chicago White Sox [50]
1997 AA 74–69 .517 3rd (tie) 3rd 12+1⁄2 — — — Chicago White Sox [51]
1998 PCL 67–76 .469 12th 4th 9+1⁄2 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [52]
1999 PCL 80–60 .571 4th 2nd 2 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [53]
2000 PCL 63–79 .444 13th 4th 19 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [54]
2001 PCL 64–77 .454 13th 3rd 19 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [55]
2002 PCL 72–71 .503 8th (tie) 3rd 2+1⁄2 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [56]
2003
* § 		PCL 81–62 .566 2nd 1st — 3–4 .429 Won American Conference Eastern Division title
Won American Conference title vs. Albuquerque Isotopes, 3–1[57]
Lost PCL championship vs. Sacramento River Cats, 3–0[57] 		Pittsburgh Pirates [58]
2004 PCL 63–79 .444 14th 4th 17 — — — Pittsburgh Pirates [59]
2005
* § † 		PCL 75–69 .521 6th 1st — 6–2 .750 Won American Conference Northern Division title
Won American Conference title vs. Oklahoma RedHawks, 3–2[57]
Won PCL championship vs. Tacoma Rainiers, 3–0[57] 		Milwaukee Brewers [60]
2006
* 		PCL 76–68 .528 5th (tie) 1st (tie) — 2–3 .400 Won American Conference Northern Division title[n 6]
Lost American Conference title vs. Round Rock Express, 3–2[57] 		Milwaukee Brewers [61]
2007
* 		PCL 89–55 .618 1st 1st — 1–3 .250 Won American Conference Northern Division title
Lost American Conference title vs. New Orleans Zephyrs, 3–1[57] 		Milwaukee Brewers [63]
2008 PCL 59–81 .421 16th 4th 23 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [64]
2009 PCL 75–69 .521 5th 2nd 2 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [65]
2010 PCL 77–67 .535 5th 4th 5 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [66]
2011 PCL 71–73 .493 6th (tie) 3rd 9 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [67]
2012 PCL 67–77 .465 12th 2nd 16 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [68]
2013 PCL 57–87 .396 16th 4th 13 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [69]
2014 PCL 77–67 .535 5th 2nd 2+1⁄2 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [70]
2015 PCL 66–78 .458 12th 3rd 12 — — — Oakland Athletics [71]
2016
* 		PCL 83–59 .585 1st 1st — 2–3 .400 Won American Conference Southern Division title
Lost American Conference title vs. Oklahoma City Dodgers, 3–2[72] 		Oakland Athletics [73]
2017 PCL 68–71 .489 8th (tie) 2nd 22 — — — Oakland Athletics [74]
2018 PCL 72–68 .514 6th (tie) 2nd 11 — — — Oakland Athletics [75]
2019 PCL 66–72 .478 9th 3rd 8 — — — Texas Rangers [76]
2020 PCL Season cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic)[n 7] Texas Rangers [78]
2021 AAAE 63–56 .529 9th 4th 13+1⁄2 7–2 .778 Won series vs. Columbus Clippers, 5–0[79]
Tied series vs. Indianapolis Indians, 2–2[79][n 8]
Placed 4th (tie) in the Triple-A Final Stretch[19][n 9] 		Milwaukee Brewers [81]
2022
* 		IL 91–58 .611 1st 1st — 0–1 .000 Won Western Division title
Lost IL championship vs. Durham Bulls, 1–0[82] 		Milwaukee Brewers [83]
2023 IL 83–65 .561 4th 2nd 1 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [84]
Totals — 3,320–3,100 .517 — — — 49–44 .527 — — —

Split-season records

The Southern League, in which the Sounds competed from 1978 to 1984, used a split-season schedule wherein the division winners from each half qualified for the postseason championship playoffs.[2] The International League used a similar format in 2023 in which the teams with the best league-wide records at the end of each half qualified for the playoffs.[22]

Split-season records
Season League Half Regular-season Postseason MLB affiliate Ref.
Record Win % League Division GB Record Win % Result
1978 SL 1st 28–36 .438 8th 4th 18 — — — Cincinnati Reds [85]
2nd 36–41 .468 9th 4th 4+1⁄2 [86]
1979
^ * † 		SL 1st 35–34 .507 5th 3rd 1⁄2 5–2 .714 Won Second-Half Western Division title[25]
Won Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 2–1[7]
Won SL championship vs. Columbus Astros, 3–1[26] 		Cincinnati Reds [87]
2nd 48–27 .640 1st 1st — [88]
1980
^ 		SL 1st 46–25 .648 2nd 2nd 1+1⁄2 1–3 .250 Won Second-Half Western Division title[1]
Lost Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 3–1[1] 		New York Yankees [89]
2nd 51–21 .708 1st 1st — [90]
1981
^ * 		SL 1st 38–32 .543 3rd 2nd 3+1⁄2 4–3 .571 Won Second-Half Western Division title[29]
Won Western Division title vs. Memphis Chicks, 3–0[7]
Lost SL championship vs. Orlando Twins, 3–1[26] 		New York Yankees [91]
2nd 43–30 .589 1st 1st — [92]
1982
^ * † 		SL 1st 32–38 .457 8th 4th 5+1⁄2 6–2 .750 Won Second-Half Western Division title[31]
Won Western Division title vs. Knoxville Blue Jays, 3–1[7]
Won SL championship vs. Jacksonville Suns, 3–1[26] 		New York Yankees [93]
2nd 45–29 .608 1st 1st — [94]
1983
^ 		SL 1st 40–32 .556 3rd 2nd 4+1⁄2 2–3 .400 Won Second-Half Western Division title[33]
Lost Western Division title vs. Birmingham Barons, 3–2[7] 		New York Yankees [95]
2nd 48–26 .649 1st 1st — [96]
1984
^ 		SL 1st 38–33 .535 2nd (tie) 2nd 3 1–3 .250 Won Second-Half Western Division title[35][n 1]
Lost Western Division title vs. Knoxville Blue Jays, 3–1[7] 		New York Yankees [97]
2nd 36–40 .474 6th 1st — [35]
2023 IL 1st 40–34 .541 5th 4th 8 — — — Milwaukee Brewers [98]
2nd 43–31 .581 3rd 1st 4+1⁄2 [99]
Totals — — 647–509 .560 — — — 19–16 .543 — — —

Franchise totals

By classification

Franchise totals by classification
Classification Regular-season Postseason Composite
Record Win % Apps. Record Win % Record Win %
Double-A (1978–1984) 564–444 .560 6 19–16 .543 583–460 .559
Triple-A (1985–2023) 2,756–2,656–2 .509 10 30–28 .517 2,786–2,684–2 .509
All-time 3,320–3,100–2 .517 16 49–44 .527 3,369–3,144–2 .517

By league

Franchise totals by league
League Regular-season Postseason Composite
Record Win % Apps. Record Win % Record Win %
Southern League (1978–1984) 564–444 .560 6 19–16 .543 583–460 .559
American Association (1985–1997) 951–912–2 .510 3 9–10 .474 960–922–2 .510
Pacific Coast League (1998–2020) 1,568–1,565 .500 5 14–15 .483 1,582–1,580 .500
Triple-A East / International League (2021–2023) 237–179 .570 2 7–3 .700 244–182 .573
All-time 3,320–3,100–2 .517 16 49–44 .527 3,369–3,144–2 .517

By affiliation

Franchise totals by affiliation
Affiliation Regular-season Postseason Composite
Record Win % Apps. Record Win % Record Win %
Cincinnati Reds (1978–1979)[n 10] 147–138 .516 1 5–2 .714 152–140 .521
New York Yankees (1980–1984) 417–306 .577 5 14–14 .500 431–320 .574
Detroit Tigers (1985–1986) 139–144–2 .491 0 — — 139–144–2 .491
Cincinnati Reds (1987–1992)[n 10] 429–433 .498 1 2–3 .400 431–436 .497
Chicago White Sox (1993–1997) 383–335 .533 2 7–7 .500 390–342 .533
Pittsburgh Pirates (1998–2004) 490–504 .493 1 3–4 .429 493–508 .493
Milwaukee Brewers (2005–2014)[n 11] 723–713 .503 3 9–8 .529 732–721 .504
Oakland Athletics (2015–2018) 289–276 .512 1 2–3 .400 291–279 .511
Texas Rangers (2019–2020) 66–72 .478 0 — — 66–72 .478
Milwaukee Brewers (2021–2023)[n 11] 237–179 .570 2 7–3 .700 244–182 .573
All-time 3,320–3,100–2 .517 16 49–44 .527 3,369–3,144–2 .517

Notes

  1. ^ a b Nashville finished the 1984 second half tied for first place with the Birmingham Barons, each with 35–40 records. On September 4, Nashville defeated Birmingham in a one-game tiebreaker, 3–2 in 10 innings, to win the second-half title.[35]
  2. ^ The American Association was not split into divisions in 1987.[39]
  3. ^ Nashville finished the 1990 season tied for first place with the Buffalo Bisons, each with 85–61 records. On September 4, Nashville defeated Buffalo in a one-game tiebreaker, 4–3 in 18 innings, to win the Eastern Division title.[42]
  4. ^ The American Association was not split into divisions in 1994.[48]
  5. ^ The American Association was not split into divisions in 1995.[49]
  6. ^ Nashville finished the 2006 season tied for first place with the Iowa Cubs, each with 76–68 records.[61] The division title was awarded to Nashville by virtue of winning the regular-season series versus Iowa, nine games to seven.[62]
  7. ^ The start of the 2020 season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic before being cancelled on June 30.[15][77]
  8. ^ Game Four of the five-game series was cancelled due to wet grounds.[79]
  9. ^ The Triple-A Final Stretch was a 10-game postseason tournament in which all 30 Triple-A clubs competed for the highest winning percentage.[18] Though not a traditional postseason, games were played after the conclusion of the regular championship season on September 19 and were not a factor in determining the regular-season champion.[80]
  10. ^ a b Across both affiliations with Cincinnati (1978–1979, 1987–1992), Nashville had a 576–571 (.502) record in the regular-season and qualified for the postseason twice in which they had a record of 7–5 (.583), totaling a composite record of 583–576 (.503).
  11. ^ a b Across both affiliations with Milwaukee (2005–2014, 2021–2023), Nashville has an 960–827 (.518) record in the regular-season and has qualified for the postseason five times in which they have a record of 16–11 (.593), totaling a composite record of 967–906 (.496).

References

Specific
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  3. ^ a b "Cincinnati Reds Minor League Affiliates". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  4. ^ "New York Yankees Minor League Affiliates". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
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  15. ^ a b "2020 Minor League Baseball Season Shelved". Minor League Baseball. June 30, 2020. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Mayo, Jonathan (February 12, 2021). "MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues". Major League Baseball. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
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  19. ^ a b "2021 Triple-A Final Stretch Standings". Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  20. ^ "Historical League Names to Return in 2022". Minor League Baseball. March 16, 2022. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  21. ^ Heneghan, Kelsie (October 2, 2022). "Bulls Parade Way to Eighth Triple-A Title". Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  22. ^ a b "2023 Triple-A National Championship Game Set for Sept. 30 in Las Vegas". Minor League Baseball. March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  23. ^ "Standings". Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  24. ^ "1978 Southern League". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  25. ^ a b Squires, Tom (September 3, 1979). "Sounds". The Tennessean. Nashville. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 22, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
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  27. ^ "1979 Southern League". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  28. ^ "1980 Southern League". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on May 8, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
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