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This is a list of settlements in North America by founding year and present-day country.

Year Settlement Subdivision Country Notes
1500 BC Tepoztlán Morelos Mexico
1500 BC San José Mogote Oaxaca Mexico
1500 BC Chalcatzingo Morelos Mexico
1500 BC Calixtlahuaca Mexico Mexico
1500 BC Kaminaljuyu Guatemala Guatemala
1400 BC Teopantecuanitlan Guerrero Mexico
1400 BC Nakbe Petén Guatemala
1200 BC San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán Veracruz Mexico
1200 BC La Venta Veracruz Mexico
1150 BC Etlatongo Oaxaca Mexico
1000 BC Xochitecatl Tlaxcala Mexico
1000 BC Cuicuilco Tlalpan Mexico
1000 BC Tres Zapotes Veracruz Mexico
950 BC Takalik Abaj Retalhuleu Guatemala
950 BC El Mirador Petén Guatemala
950 BC Uaxactun Petén Guatemala
800 BC Zazacatla Morelos Mexico
700 BC Ticul Yucatán Mexico
600 BC Tikal Petén Guatemala
500 BC Monte Albán Oaxaca Mexico
500 BC Cholula Puebla Mexico Possibly the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the Americas[citation needed]
400 BC Tula Hidalgo Mexico
300 BC Teotihuacan México Mexico In the Valley of Mexico
200 Mitla Oaxaca Mexico
600 Cantona Puebla Mexico
650 Cahokia Illinois United States
874 Reykjavík Capital Region Iceland First European settlement in the Americas. Founding is given as 874 CE by Ingólfr Arnarson in the Landnámabók.[1] Reykjavík is located west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge on the American plate.[2]
985? Eastern Settlement Greenland Denmark Norse explorer Erik the Red established this settlement, followed by the Western Settlement c. 985.
1000 L'Anse aux Meadows Newfoundland and Labrador Canada First European settlement in the New World. Norse explorer Leif Ericson established a settlement on this site in 1003.
1050 Motul Yucatán Mexico
1054 Antiguo Cuscatlan La Libertad El Salvador
1100 Oraibi Arizona United States [3]
1144 Acoma Pueblo New Mexico United States Oldest continuously occupied community in the US,[citation needed] known today as Sky City
1325 Tenochtitlan Distrito Federal Mexico Present-day Mexico City
1450 Taos Pueblo New Mexico United States One of the oldest continuously inhabited Native American settlements in the United States[citation needed]
1493 La Isabela Puerto Plata Dominican Republic First European settlement in the New World during the Age of Discovery. Abandoned by 1500.
1494 Concepción de la Vega La Vega Dominican Republic Founded by Christopher Columbus in 1494 as a gold town, and abandoned by 1562 after an earthquake destroyed the settlement.
1496 Santo Domingo Distrito Nacional Dominican Republic Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the Americas. Present-day capital of the Dominican Republic.
1497 St. John's[4] Newfoundland and Labrador Canada Oldest English-founded city in North America,[5] seasonal until c. 1630
1508 Caparra Puerto Rico United States
1509 Sevilla la Nueva Seville, St. Ann's Bay Jamaica Established by Juan de Esquivel, the first Spanish governor of Jamaica, St Ann's Bay was the third capital established by Spain in the Americas.
1510 Nombre de Dios Colón Panama Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Panama and the continental Americas
1511 Baracoa Guantánamo Cuba Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Cuba, and its former capital
1513 Bayamo Granma Cuba Capital of Cuba in 1513
1514 Santiago Santiago Cuba
1515 Havana Havana Cuba Present-day capital of Cuba
1519 La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz Veracruz Mexico Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Mexico
1519 Panama City Panamá Panama First European city on the Pacific coast of the Americas[6]
1521 San Juan Puerto Rico United States Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous United States or U.S. territories
1524 Quetzaltenango Guatemala Guatemala
1525 San Salvador San Salvador Department El Salvador Diego de Holguín became the first mayor of San Salvador after the town was founded on April 1, 1525. Founded on what is now the archaeological site of Ciudad Vieja, north of the present-day city, it was moved to the Valle de Las Hamacas (Acelhuate Valley).
1524 Granada Granada Nicaragua Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Nicaragua
1526 Acámbaro Guanajuato Mexico
1526 San Miguel de Gualdape South Carolina, then Georgia United States First European settlement in the contiguous U.S., abandoned after three months
1531 Mazatlán Sinaloa Mexico
1531 Puebla City Puebla Mexico
1531 Culiacán Sinaloa Mexico
1531 Querétaro City Querétaro Mexico
1532 Oaxaca Oaxaca Mexico
1534 Villa de la Vega Saint Catherine Parish Jamaica After founding Seville in 1509, Spanish settlers moved to a healthier site which they named Villa de la Vega. The English renamed it Spanish Town when they conquered the island in 1655.
1536 San Pedro Sula Cortés Honduras
1539 Zuni Pueblo New Mexico United States Ferguson, T.J. (1985). A Zuni Atlas. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press
1540 Compostela Nayarit Mexico Known as Capital de la Nueva Galicia Compostela (1548–1560)
1540 Childersburg Alabama United States Possibly the oldest still-occupied village in eastern North America,[7] established by Native Americans
1540 Campeche Campeche Mexico
1541 Morelia Michoacán Mexico Known as Valladolid until 1828
1541 Charlesbourg-Royal Quebec Canada First French settlement; short-lived
1542 Yuriria Guanajuato Mexico
1542 Mérida Yucatán Mexico Founded by Francisco de Montejo on the ruins of the Maya city of T'ho
1542 Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
1542 San Miguel de Allende Guanajuato Mexico
1543 Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala (Antigua Guatemala) Guatemala Guatemala
1550 Acapulco Guerrero Mexico Discovered by Cortés in 1531; settled in 1550.[8]
1559 Pensacola Florida United States Spanish explorer Tristán de Luna founded a short-lived settlement in 1559.
1560 Port of Spain Port of Spain Trinidad And Tobago A Spanish garrison was posted near the foot of the Laventille Hills, which today form the city's eastern boundary.
1563 Cartago Cartago Costa Rica Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Costa Rica
1563 Villa de Durango Durango Mexico Capital of the Nueva Vizcaya province of Villa New Spain
1564 Fort Caroline Florida United States A permanent settlement of 200 soldiers and artisans led by Rene de Goulaine de Laudonniere, who had accompanied Ribault on a previous expedition. With help from the Timucua Indians, the colonists began building a village and fort on the river's south bank and named the area La Caroline after Charles IX.
1564 Villa Hermosa de San Juan Bautista Tabasco México Founded on June 24, 1564 (the feast of San Juan Bautista, hence its original name) by Diego de Quijada
1565 Saint Augustine Florida United States Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous U.S. San Agustín/St. Augustine was founded by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés.
1566 Saint Marys Georgia United States Second-oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in the contiguous U.S.; on the St. Mary's River
1573 San Germán Puerto Rico United States
1575 Saltillo Coahuila Mexico Oldest post-conquest settlement in northern Mexico[9]
1575 Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico
1576 León Guanajuato Mexico
1583 Harbour Grace[10] Newfoundland and Labrador Canada First permanent English settlement in North America
1585 Roanoke Colony North Carolina United States Settlers were left on the island on August 17, 1585.[11]
1587-1623 Mantle Site Ontario Canada Massive late Woodland Huron-Wendat village site, with trade links reaching as far as Newfoundland.
1596 Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
1597 Portobelo Colón Panama
1598 Parras Coahuila Mexico
1598 Española New Mexico United States First European-founded capital of the "New World" in the United States, established by Juan de Oñate.
1598 San Juan de los Caballeros New Mexico United States With Española, the oldest European-founded settlement in the southwestern United States
1599 Tadoussac Quebec Canada Oldest continuously inhabited French-established settlement in the Americas, and the oldest European-established settlement in Quebec
1603 Salamanca Guanajuato Mexico
1604 Saint John New Brunswick Canada
1604 Canso Nova Scotia Canada Founded in 1604, settled in 1518 by European fur traders and fishermen. Canso and the surrounding islands were involved in the French and English struggles to control the area.
1604 L'Ile-aux-Marins Saint Pierre and Miquelon France
1604 Saint Croix Island Maine United States Established in the summer of 1604 by a French expedition, led by Pierre Dugua, which included Samuel de Champlain. After the winter of 1604–1605 the survivors relocated and founded Port Royal, Nova Scotia.[12]
1605 Port Royal Nova Scotia Canada Established in the summer of 1605 by French colonizing explorers Pierre du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain, who established Quebec City in 1608.
1607 Jamestown Virginia United States Oldest permanent European settlement in the Thirteen Colonies
1607 Popham Colony Maine United States Short-lived settlement, a Plymouth Company project
1607 Santa Fe New Mexico United States Oldest continuously inhabited state capital in the US
1608 Québec Quebec Canada Originally settled by Jacques Cartier in 1535, who abandoned it in 1536. He returned in 1541, but abandoned the site again. Samuel de Champlain established a permanent settlement on July 3–4, 1608. Only completely-garrison-walled city north of Mexico
1610 Cupids Newfoundland and Labrador Canada Oldest continuously occupied English settlement in Canada
1610 Hampton Virginia United States Oldest continuously occupied English settlement in the United States
1610 Kecoughtan Virginia United States
1611 Henricus Virginia United States
1612 St. George's St. George Bermuda Oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement in Bermuda
1613 Newport News, Virginia Virginia United States
1614 Albany New York United States Oldest European settlement in New York State, founded as Fort Nassau and renamed Fort Orange in 1623. First Dutch settlement in North America
1615 Taos New Mexico United States
1620 Plymouth Massachusetts United States Oldest town in New England and Massachusetts. Settled by Pilgrims from the Mayflower.
1622 Weymouth Massachusetts United States The Wessagusset Colony, resettled and renamed in 1623
1623 Dover New Hampshire United States oldest settlement in New Hampshire
1623 Gloucester Massachusetts United States Abandoned in 1629, but quickly resettled
1623 Eliot Maine United States Part of Kittery until 1810
1624 Chelsea Massachusetts United States
1624 Fort Wilhelmus New Jersey United States Short-lived factorij on what is now Burlington Island in Delaware River
1624 Fort Orange New York United States Dutch factorij which grew to become the Capital District around Albany
1624 New Amsterdam New York United States Present-day New York City. Was settled 1624 on Governors Island first settled, followed by Manhattan the following year.
1625 Merrymount Massachusetts United States Now Quincy, Massachusetts
1626 Salem Massachusetts United States
1626 Socorro New Mexico United States Originally founded as Nuestra Señora de Perpetuo Socorro; abandoned in 1680 after the Pueblo Revolt, and resettled in 1815.
1626 Fort Nassau New Jersey United States A Dutch factorij on Big Timber Creek near what is now Gloucester City
1627 Duxbury Massachusetts United States
1627 Scituate Massachusetts United States
1627 Basseterre Saint Kitts Saint Kitts and Nevis
1628 Bridgetown Saint Michael Barbados
1629 Marblehead Massachusetts United States First naval stronghold of the colonies
1629 Lynn Massachusetts United States Founded as Saugus, but different from Saugus, Massachusetts.
1629 Charlestown Massachusetts United States Now a neighborhood in Boston
1630 Portsmouth New Hampshire United States First known as Strawbery Banke.
1630 Pavonia New Jersey United States First Dutch patroonship in New Jersey, now part of Jersey City
1630 Medford Massachusetts United States
1630 Watertown Massachusetts United States
1630 Dorchester Massachusetts United States Now a neighborhood in Boston
1630 Boston Massachusetts United States
1630 Roxbury Massachusetts United States Later annexed by Boston in 1868
1631 Saco Maine United States Settled as Winter Harbor.
1631 South Berwick Maine United States Settled by sailors from the Pied Cow who landed at the confluence of the Salmon Falls and Great Works Rivers
1631 Lewes Delaware United States Purchased in 1629 and settled as the short-lived Dutch Zwaanendael Colony in 1631. Because Lewes was Delaware's first town and because Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, it is known as "the first town in the first state."[citation needed]
1631 Cambridge Massachusetts United States [13]
1632 Williamsburg Virginia United States
1633 Ipswich Massachusetts United States
1632 St. John's Antigua Antigua and Barbuda
1633 Hartford Connecticut United States

Founded as Fort Hoop by the Dutch, renamed by Thomas Hooker in 1637

1633 Windsor Connecticut United States First English settlement in Connecticut.[14] Founded as Dorchester, renamed in 1637.
1634 Beauport Quebec Canada [15] Became a borough of Quebec City in January 2002.
1634 Wethersfield Connecticut United States Founded as Watertown, renamed in 1637.
1634 Green Bay Wisconsin United States
1634 St. Mary's City Maryland United States The original settlement was the fourth oldest permanent English settlement in the United States.
1634 Trois-Rivières Quebec Canada
1634 Willemstad Curaçao Kingdom of the Netherlands Formerly part of the Netherlands Antilles, now a country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1635 Hingham Massachusetts United States First discovered in 1633 and named "Bare Cove", the area was owned by the Native American Tribe Wampanoag.[citation needed] Hingham was settled and established by Reverend Peter Hobart and his followers in 1635; they renamed the area "Hingham", referencing Hingham, Norfolk England.[16] It was then incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony as the 12th town[16] and decades later it was purchased officially from the local natives on July 4, 1655.[citation needed]
1635 Concord Massachusetts United States
1635 Newbury Massachusetts United States
1636 Springfield Massachusetts United States The Massachusetts Bay Colony's first Connecticut River port and its westernmost settlement, 85 miles (137 km) west of Boston[17] Founded as Agawam Plantation by William Pynchon.
1636 Providence Rhode Island United States Oldest settlement in Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams.
1637 Taunton Massachusetts United States

[18]

1637 Sandwich Massachusetts United States Oldest town on Cape Cod

[19]

1638 Rowley Massachusetts United States

[20]

1638 Portsmouth Rhode Island United States Founded by Anne Hutchinson
1638 Exeter New Hampshire United States One of the four original towns of New Hampshire. Revolutionary War capital of New Hampshire, and site of the ratification of the first state constitution in the North American colonies in January 1776.
1638 Hampton New Hampshire United States Founded by Stephen Bachiler; first known as Winnicunnet.
1638 Sillery Quebec Canada [21] Now part of Quebec City
1638 Swedesboro New Jersey United States Nucleus of the New Sweden colony along the Delaware River into Pennsylvania and Delaware
1638 New Haven Connecticut United States

[22]

1638 Sainte-Foy Quebec Canada [15] Merged with the City of Québec in 2002.
1638 Wilmington Delaware United States Grew from Fort Christina, part of the New Sweden colony; originally called Willington
Before 1639 St. Marks Florida United States [23]
1639 Stratford Connecticut United States [24]
1639 Milford Connecticut United States
1639 Newport Rhode Island United States
1639 Sudbury Massachusetts United States
1640 Southampton New York United States
1640 Farmington Connecticut United States Founded as Tunxis
1640 Braintree Massachusetts United States First settled in 1625 as Merrymount, resettled and incorporated in 1640.[25]
1640 Woburn Massachusetts United States First settled in 1640, incorporated in 1642.[26]
1641 Haverhill Massachusetts United States First settled in 1640, incorporated in 1641.
1642 Maspeth New York United States
1642 Ville-Marie (Montréal) Quebec Canada
1642 Lexington Massachusetts United States [27]
1642 Sorel Quebec Canada [15][21] Present-day Sorel-Tracy
1642 Warwick Rhode Island United States
1643 Basse-Terre Guadeloupe France Territorial capital
1643 Dolores Hidalgo Guanajuato Mexico
1643 Guilford Connecticut United States [24]
1643 Rehoboth Massachusetts United States Settled 1636, incorporated 1643
1644 Hull Massachusetts United States [28]
1644 Longmeadow Massachusetts United States Incorporated October 17, 1783.
1644 Branford Connecticut United States Originally Brentford
1644 Salvatierra Guanajuato Mexico
1645 Vlissingen New York United States Present-day Flushing
1646 Andover Massachusetts United States The original Andover, founded by Simon and Anne Bradstreet and the Barker, Osgood, Stevens, Woodbridge and other families, split into two towns on April 7, 1855.
1646 Château-Richer Quebec Canada [29]
1646 New London Connecticut United States Founded as Faire Harbour
1647 Kittery Maine United States Oldest incorporated town in Maine[30]
1647 La Prairie Quebec Canada [15] Founded as a mission by the Jesuits in 1647. The first parish was founded in 1667.
1647 Spanish Wells Eleuthera Bahamas
1649 Annapolis Maryland United States
1650 Saint-Ours Quebec Canada [15]
1650 Kingston New York United States Settled by the Dutch as Esopus, renamed in 1664 by the English.
1651 Cap-de-la-Madeleine Quebec Canada

[21] Became a borough of Trois-Rivières in January 2002.

1651 Medfield Massachusetts United States [31]
1651 New Castle Delaware United States Site of Tomakonck, a former native village. Settled by the Dutch as Fort Casimir; renamed New Amstel in 1654.
1651 Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré Quebec Canada [15][21]
1652 Natick Massachusetts United States Founded by John Eliot; its name derives from a Massachusett word meaning "place of hills".
1653 Lancaster Massachusetts United States
1654 Northampton Massachusetts United States Founded by a group led by William Houlton and John King.
1654 Pelham New York United States Founded by Thomas Pell, who purchased 9,000 acres (14 sq mi) from the Siwanoy tribe and received a land grant from the English crown.
1655 Cap-Saint-Ignace Quebec Canada [21]
1655 Chelmsford Massachusetts United States Founded by settlers from Concord.
1655 Groton Massachusetts United States
1655 Billerica Massachusetts United States
1657 Longueuil Quebec Canada [15]
1658 Harlem New York United States
1659 Norwichtown Connecticut United States Consolidated with the city of Norwich in 1952.
1659 Assonet Massachusetts United States Incorporated 1683
1659 Hadley Massachusetts United States Founded by a group led by John Russell and Nathaniel Dickinson.
1659 Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua Mexico
1660 Bergen New Jersey United States first chartered settlement in New Jersey, at Bergen Square, now part of Jersey City
1660 Placentia Newfoundland Colony Canada French capital until 1713, originally known as Plaisance
1660 Rye New York United States
1660 Wrentham Massachusetts United States Separated from Dedham 1660. Incorporated 1673
1661 Schenectady New York United States
1662 Uxbridge Massachusetts United States
1664 L'Ange-Gardien Quebec Canada [15]
1664 Middletown New Jersey United States
1664 Woodbridge New Jersey United States Settled in 1664 and granted a royal charter on June 1, 1669, by King Charles II of England.[32]
1665 Chambly Quebec Canada [15]
1665 Port-de-Paix Nord-Ouest Haiti
1666 Charlesbourg Quebec Canada [15][21] Became a borough of Quebec City in 2002.
1666 Newark New Jersey United States
1666 Piscatawaytown New Jersey United States The village within the Township of Piscataway, now part of Edison
1666 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Quebec Canada [15][21] Expanded from Fort Saint-Jean.
1667 Boucherville Quebec Canada

[21]

1667 Mendon Massachusetts United States Netmocke Plantation, 1662
1668 Amesbury Massachusetts United States
1668 Saint-Nicolas Quebec Canada [15] Merged with Lévis in 2002.
1668 Sault Ste. Marie Ontario Canada Oldest city in Ontario
1668 Sault Ste. Marie Michigan United States [33] Oldest city in Michigan
1668 Elizabethtown New Jersey United States designated the first capital of New Jersey by the British[34]
1669 Neuville Quebec Canada [21]
1669 Westfield Massachusetts United States [35]
1669 Middleborough Massachusetts United States [36]
1670 Charleston South Carolina United States
1670 Repentigny Quebec Canada [15]
1670 Wallingford Connecticut United States [37]
1670 Hatfield Massachusetts United States
1671 St. Ignace Michigan United States Founded by Jacques Marquette as the St.Ignace Mission. Second oldest city in Michigan.
1672 Varennes Quebec Canada [15]
1672 Verchères Quebec Canada [15]
1673 L'Ancienne-Lorette Quebec Canada [15]
1673 Worcester, Massachusetts Massachusetts United States Incorporated as a city in 1848.
1673 Prairie du Chien Wisconsin United States Founded on June 17, 1673, by French Pioneers.[38]
1674 Pointe-aux-Trembles Quebec Canada [21] Now part of Montreal.
1674 Waterbury Connecticut United States
1674 Deerfield Massachusetts United States
1675 Lachine Quebec Canada [15][21] Merged into Montreal in 2002.
1675 Lavaltrie Quebec Canada [15]
1676 Contrecoeur Quebec Canada [21]
1676 Loretteville Quebec Canada [15] Merged with Quebec City in 2002.
1677 Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Quebec Canada [15][21]
1677 Crosswicks New Jersey United States Settled by Quakers
1678 La Pocatière Quebec Canada [15]
1678 Montmagny Quebec Canada [15][21]
1679 Lévis Quebec Canada [21] The first settlement was formerly known as Lauzon, which merged with Lévis in 1989.
1679 L'Islet Quebec Canada [15][21]
1679 Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures Quebec Canada [15]
1680 Ysleta Texas United States
1680 South Orange New Jersey United States Expanded from Newark (later Orange)
1680 Creve Coeur Illinois United States [39] Originally Fort Crevecoeur, later Fort Clark (1813).[40]
1681 Baie-Saint-Paul Quebec Canada [15][21]
1681 Berthierville Quebec Canada

[21]

1681 Cockburn Town Turks and Caicos Islands United Kingdom
1681 Bridgewater Township New Jersey United States
1681 Saint-François Quebec Canada [21] Integrated into Laval in 1965.
1682 Moorestown New Jersey United States
1682 Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
1682 Norfolk Virginia United States
1683 Dover Delaware United States
1683 Lachenaie Quebec Canada [15] In 2001, Lachenaie merged with Terrebonne.
1682 Rivière-du-Loup Quebec Canada [15]
1684 Bécancour Quebec Canada

[21]

1686 Arkansas Post Arkansas United States
1687 New Britain Connecticut United States
1687 Rivière-des-Prairies Quebec Canada [21] Now part of the Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles borough of Montreal.
1690 Oka Quebec Canada [15]
1693 Glastonbury Connecticut United States Settled 1636; incorporated in 1693 as Glassenbury. Known as Glastenbury from about 1785 to 1870.)[41]
1693 Kingston Kingston Jamaica
1694 Newark Delaware United States
1694 Santa Cruz New Mexico United States
1695 Nassau New Providence Bahamas
1696 Rimouski Quebec Canada
1696 Sault-au-Récollet Quebec Canada [15] Now part of the Ahuntsic-Cartierville borough of Montreal
1698 Pensacola Florida United States Founded by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano in 1559; abandoned in 1561. Permanently established in 1698.
1700 Mascouche Quebec Canada [21]
1701 Detroit Michigan United States
1701 Dracut Massachusetts United States
1701 Nicolet Quebec Canada [15]
1702 Le Moyne Alabama United States Founded as Fort Louis de la Louisiane by France; abandoned in 1711.
1703 Amherst Massachusetts United States
1703 Kaskaskia Illinois United States
1703 Saint-Sulpice Quebec Canada [21]
1705 Bath North Carolina United States Oldest incorporated town in North Carolina
1706 Albuquerque New Mexico United States
1709 Chihuahua Chihuahua Mexico
1710 Chatham New Jersey United States Land purchased in 1680.
1710 New Bern North Carolina United States Settled by German-Swiss immigrants.
1711 Mobile Alabama United States Le Moyne relocated to Mobile.
1711 Needham Massachusetts United States
1711 Pointe-Claire Quebec Canada [21]
1711 Beaufort South Carolina United States
1714 Natchitoches Louisiana United States Oldest settlement in the Louisiana Purchase
1714 Freehold New Jersey United States Originally known as Monmouth Courthouse, the site of the Battle of Monmouth
1715 (prior to) Kekionga Indiana United States Capital of the Miami people
1715 Les Cèdres Quebec Canada [15]
1716 Kahnawake Quebec Canada [15][21] Homeland of Saint Kateri Tekakwitha (1656–1680).
1716 Nacogdoches Texas United States Spanish mission established in an older Caddo village.[42]
1716 Natchez Mississippi United States Dates to the founding of Fort Rosalie by the French.[43]
1716 Georgetown Maine United States Originally the present-day West Bath, Bath, Phippsburg, Arrowsic, Georgetown and part of Woolwich
1717 L'Assomption Quebec Canada [15] Settled 1647
1717 Ouiatenon Indiana United States
1718 New Orleans Louisiana United States
1718 San Antonio Texas United States
1719 Longue-Pointe Quebec Canada [15] Now part of Montreal
1719 Trenton New Jersey United States
1720 Saint-Laurent Quebec Canada [15][21] Merged with Montreal in 2002.
1720 Biloxi Mississippi United States Founded as Fort Louis by France
1721 Baton Rouge Louisiana United States
1721 Cortazar Guanajuato Mexico
1721 Saint-Jean-Port-Joli Quebec Canada [15]
1722 Prairie Du Rocher Illinois United States
1722 Louiseville Quebec Canada [15]
1723 Beaufort North Carolina United States
1723 Terrebonne Quebec Canada [15]
1725 Concord New Hampshire United States
1728 Fredericksburg Virginia United States
1728 Nuuk Sermersooq Greenland
1729 Baltimore Maryland United States
1729 Lancaster Pennsylvania United States
1729 Pabos Quebec Canada [15] Now part of Chandler.
1729 Georgetown South Carolina United States
1730 New Brunswick New Jersey United States
1732 Lanoraie Quebec Canada [15]
1732 Vincennes Indiana United States
1732 Camden South Carolina United States
1732 Kingstree South Carolina United States
1733 Richmond Virginia United States [44]
1733 Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Quebec Canada [21] Integrated into Laval in 1965.
1733 Savannah Georgia United States
1733 Wilmington North Carolina United States Founded as "New Carthage" in 1733, renamed Wilmington in 1740
1735 Ste. Genevieve Missouri United States French colonial settlement; oldest continually-inhabited settlement in Missouri
1736 Châteauguay Quebec Canada [21]
1736 Gorham Maine United States
1736 Augusta Georgia United States [45][46]
1736 Darien Georgia United States
1736 Fort Frederica Georgia United States Built by the British, abandoned about 1774
1738 Pointe-du-Lac Quebec Canada [21] Merged with Trois-Rivières in 2002.
1738 Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce Quebec Canada [15][21]
1739 Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu Quebec Canada [15][21]
1739 Fort Assumption Tennessee United States Built by France in 1739 and abandoned in 1740
1740 Belén New Mexico United States
1740 L'Île-Perrot and Notre-Dame-de-l'Île-Perrot Quebec Canada [15]
1740 Cheraw South Carolina United States
1741 Bethlehem Pennsylvania United States
1741 Sainte-Geneviève and Pierrrefonds Quebec Canada [15][21] Merged with Montreal in 2002.
1742 Les Écureuils Quebec Canada [15][21] Now Donnacona
1745 Sainte-Marie Quebec Canada [21]
1745 Sainte-Rose Quebec Canada [21] Integrated into Laval in 1965.
1746 Saint-Henri Quebec Canada [15]
1746 Merrimack New Hampshire United States
1748 Petersburg Virginia United States
1749 Alexandria Virginia United States
1749 Goliad Texas United States Expanded from Presidio La Bahía
1749 Port-au-Prince Ouest Haiti
1749 Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
1750 Erie Pennsylvania United States Expanded from the French Fort Presque Isle.
1750 Rock Island Illinois United States Originally the Native American Saukenuk[47]
1751 Carlisle Pennsylvania United States
1751 Georgetown Maryland United States Became part of the District of Columbia when the district was incorporated in 1801. Georgetown and its government were incorporated into the district's government in 1871.
1751 Las Trampas New Mexico United States
1752 Portsmouth Virginia United States
1752 Akwesasne New York, Ontario, Quebec Canada, United States [15] First known as Saint-Régis.
1752 Saint-Constant Quebec Canada [15][21]
1753 Saint-Philippe Quebec Canada [21]
1754 Augusta Maine United States
1754 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States Expanded from the French Fort Duquesne; replaced by the British Fort Pitt in 1758.
1755 Laredo Texas United States
1755 Charlotte North Carolina United States
1757 Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada [15]
1761 Charlottesville Virginia United States
1762 Shepherdstown West Virginia United States Originally known as Mecklenburg.
1762 Allentown Pennsylvania United States Incorporated as Northamptontown.
1763 St. Louis Missouri United States Oldest American City West of the Mississippi River[citation needed]
1763 Burlington Vermont United States
1764 Amherst Nova Scotia Canada
1764 Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
1764 Opelousas Louisiana United States
1765 Saint-Martinville Louisiana United States [48][full citation needed]
1765 St. Charles Missouri United States
1766 Moncton New Brunswick Canada
1766 Vergennes Vermont United States
1768 Beloeil Quebec Canada [21]
1768 L'Acadie Quebec Canada [15] Merged with Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu in 2001.
1768 New Smyrna Beach Florida United States A Scottish entrepreneur established a colony of 1,225 immigrants in the largest colonization attempt in the US.[49]
1768 Saint-Eustache Quebec Canada [15][21]
1769 San Diego California United States Expanded from the Presidio of San Diego.
1769 Ninety Six South Carolina United States
1770 Monterey California United States Expanded from Presidio of Monterey; original capital of California[50]
1770 San Blas Nayarit Mexico Spanish Naval Department headquarters[51]
1771 Brunswick Georgia United States 1772 Ellicott City Maryland United States
1772 Morgantown West Virginia United States
1773 Guatemala City Guatemala Guatemala
1774 Unalaska Alaska United States Oldest Russian settlement on the Aleutian Islands, dating to the 1760s.[52] Permanent trading post established in 1774.[53]
1774 Orizaba Veracruz Mexico
1775 Tucson Arizona United States Date of Spanish presidio
1775 Lexington Kentucky United States
1775 Boonesborough Kentucky United States Expanded from Fort Boonesborough, built by Daniel Boone.
1776 San Francisco California United States
1776 Fort Watauga Tennessee United States Abandoned in 1780
1777 San Jose California United States Originally known as El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California (which became Alta California).
1778 Louisville Kentucky United States Expanded from Fort Nelson, established by George Rogers Clark.
1778 West Point New York United States Expanded from Fort Clinton.
1779 Jonesborough Tennessee United States First capital of the State of Franklin, in 1784
1779 Nashville Tennessee United States Expanded from Fort Nashborough.
1781 Montpelier Vermont United States
1781 Los Angeles California United States
1783 Clarksville Indiana United States
1783 Kingston Ontario Canada Formerly known as Fort Frontenac. In 1673, the original fort was built and called Fort Cataraqui. It was later renamed Fort Frontenac. It was abandoned and razed in 1689, then rebuilt in 1695. Due to the various periods of abandonment, Windsor, Ontario, where pre-settlement occurred after Kingston, remains known as the oldest continually inhabited European-founded settlement in Canada west of Montreal. In 1783, to settlement for displaced British colonists, or Loyalists, the British Crown entered into an agreement with the Mississaugas to purchase land east of the Bay of Quinte.
1784 Cornwall Ontario Canada Founded by a group of United Empire Loyalists led by Lieutenant-Colonel John Johnson.[54]
1784 Frenchtown Michigan United States Fourth French settlement in Michigan.
1785 Harrisburg Pennsylvania United States
1785 Asheville North Carolina United States
1785 Dubuque Iowa United States Oldest city in Iowa, and one of the oldest European settlements west of the Mississippi River.[55]
1785 Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
1785 Sydney Nova Scotia Canada Former capital of the Colony of Cape Breton
1786 Columbia South Carolina United States
1786 Florissant Missouri United States Originally known as St. Ferdinand.
1786 Frankfort Kentucky United States
1786 Lynchburg Virginia United States
1786 Portland Maine United States
1786 Steubenville Ohio United States
1787 Spartanburg South Carolina United States
1788 Marietta Ohio United States First permanent American settlement in the Northwest Territory
1788 Cincinnati Ohio United States
1788 Charleston West Virginia United States Expanded from Fort Lee[56]
1789 Santa Cruz de Nuca British Columbia Canada First European settlement in British Columbia; only Spanish settlement in Canada
1790 Hamilton Bermuda United Kingdom
1790 Washington District of Columbia United States
1790 Vicksburg Mississippi United States Expanded from the Spanish Fort Nogales.
1791 Georgetown Delaware United States
1791 Santa Cruz California United States
1791 Monroe Louisiana United States Originally known as Fort Miro[57]
1791 Kenai Alaska United States Expanded from the Russian-American Company's Fort St. Nicholas.[58]
1791 Knoxville Tennessee United States
1791 Bangor Maine United States
1792 Kodiak Alaska United States Founded in 1792 by Alexander Baranov as the new site for Three Saints Bay, founded in 1784.[59]
1792 Raleigh North Carolina United States
1793 Toronto Ontario Canada Formerly known as Fort Toronto. In 1750, Fort Toronto was the second French trading post established in the Humber River area. Fort Toronto, also known as Fort Portneuf, was a French trading post that was located near the mouth of the Humber River in what is now Toronto, Ontario.The first one (known as Magasin Royal or Fort Douville) had been built in 1720 near today's Baby Point, north of the mouth of the Humber River (then known as the Tanaovate River). The French abandoned Magasin Royal by the end of the 1720s, and they did not establish another trading post in the area until the construction of Fort Toronto. Fort Toronto's immediate success in attracting First Nations traders led to the establishment of nearby Fort Rouillé in 1751 until it was destroyed in 1759.
1793 Ancaster Ontario Canada
1794 Fort Wayne Indiana United States
1796 Chillicothe Ohio United States
1796 Cleveland Ohio United States
1796 Dayton Ohio United States
1796 Youngstown Ohio United States
1797 Windsor Ontario Canada In 1749, a French agricultural settlement was established at the site of Windsor, Ontario. The area was first named la Petite Côte ("Little Coast"—as opposed to the longer coastline on the Detroit side of the river). Later it was called La Côte de Misère ("Poverty Coast") because of the sandy soils near LaSalle. In 1797, after the American Revolution, the settlement of "Sandwich" was established. Windsor was incorporated as a village in 1854, then became a town in 1858, and gained city status in 1892. It is the oldest continually inhabited European-founded settlement in Canada west of Montreal, despite being settled after other areas in the country.
1797 Athens, Ohio Ohio United States
1797 Franklinton Ohio United States Absorbed by Columbus.
1797 Mentor Ohio United States
1797 Zanesville Ohio United States
1797 Greenville South Carolina United States
1798 Bowling Green Kentucky United States
1798 Warren Ohio United States
1798 Bethel, Ohio Ohio United States Formerly known as Denham Town, founded by Obed Denham.
1799 Hudson Ohio United States
1799 Potosi Missouri United States
1799 Elizabethton Tennessee United States Expanded from Fort Watauga which was abandoned
1799 Ravenna Ohio United States
1799 Aurora Ohio United States
1799 Sitka Alaska United States Original capital of Alaska; destroyed in 1802, reestablished in 1804.[60]
1800 Buffalo New York United States Expanded from four log cabins.[61]
1800 Hull Quebec Canada Formerly known as Wright's Town
1801 Athens Georgia United States Named after Athens, Greece.
1801 Burrville/Clinton Tennessee United States Renamed Clinton in 1809
1803 Ashtabula Ohio United States
1803 Chicago Illinois United States Expanded from Fort Dearborn.
1804 Stow Ohio United States
1804 Milledgeville Georgia United States
1805 Huntsville Alabama United States
1807 Prince George British Columbia Canada Expanded from the fur-trading post of Fort George, established by the North West Company.[62]
1810 Manchester New Hampshire United States
1810 San Bernardino California United States
1811 Astoria Oregon United States Expanded from Fort Astoria, founded by the Pacific Fur Company.[63]
1811 Murfreesboro Tennessee United States Originally named Cannonsburgh; state capital from 1818 to 1826.
1812 Columbus Ohio United States
1812 Kamloops British Columbia Canada Expanded from the fur-trading posts of Fort Cumcloups (Fort Kamloops) and Fort She-whaps (Shuswap), founded by the Pacific Fur and North West Companies.[64]
1815 Hamilton Ontario Canada
1815 Pickerington Ohio United States
1815 Jonesboro Arkansas

United States

1816 Chattanooga Tennessee United States Originally named Ross's Landing.
1816 Cambridge Ontario Canada Originally named Shades Mill; renamed Galt in 1827. Galt merged with the towns of Preston and Hespeler, the village of Blair and parts of Waterloo township to form Cambridge in 1973. Oldest settled area in the Waterloo Regional Municipality
1816 Saginaw Michigan United States
1817 Fort Smith Arkansas United States
1817 Milan Ohio United States
1818 Pontiac Michigan United States Arrival of first settlers in Michigan's first inland settlement; recognized by the state legislature in 1837, and incorporated as a city in 1861.
1818 Medina Ohio United States
1818 Columbia Missouri United States
1818 Jim Thorpe Pennsylvania United States Formerly known as Mauch Chunk and burial place of Native American athlete Jim Thorpe
1819 Memphis Tennessee United States Expanded from the 1739 French Fort de l'Assomption which was not resettled for 79 years
1819 Chapel Hill North Carolina United States
1819 Montgomery Alabama United States Expanded from the 1540 French settlement, Fort Toulouse.
1819 Springfield Illinois United States
1819 Tuscaloosa Alabama United States
1820 South Bend Indiana United States Formerly named Big St. Joseph Station.
1820 Oliver's Grove Minnesota United States Near the confluence of the Mississippi, St. Croix, and Vermillion Rivers; established as a trading post and a military detachment from Fort Snelling.
1821 Alexandria British Columbia Canada Expended from the fur-trading post of Fort Alexandria, founded by the North West Company.[65]
1821 Bridgeport Connecticut United States
1821 Little Rock Arkansas United States
1821 Indianapolis Indiana United States
1822 Jacksonville Florida United States
1822 Jackson Mississippi United States
1823 Peoria Illinois United States [39] Founded as Peoria in 1823.[40]
1823 Tampa Florida United States Expanded from Fort Brooke.
1824 Ann Arbor Michigan United States
1824 Tallahassee Florida United States
1824 Victoria Texas United States
1825 Akron Ohio United States
1825 Vancouver Washington United States Expanded from Fort Vancouver.[66]
1825 Grand Rapids Michigan United States
1825 Irapuato Guanajuato Mexico
1826 London Ontario Canada
1826 Ottawa Ontario Canada Originally known as Bytown.
1826 Wabasha Minnesota United States Oldest city in Minnesota
1827 Gonzales Texas United States Founded in 1825, abandoned shortly after, refounded in 1827
1827 Mineral Point Wisconsin United States Third-oldest city in Wisconsin
1827 Guelph Ontario Canada
1827 Oakville Ontario Canada
1827 St. Andrews Florida United States Now part of Panama City
1827 Langley British Columbia Canada
1828 Key West Florida United States
1828 Columbus Georgia United States
1829 Oregon City Oregon United States
1829 Bainbridge Georgia United States
1833 Milwaukee Wisconsin United States
1833 Kitchener Ontario Canada Formerly Berlin; renamed in 1916.
1835 Austin Texas United States
1835 Kenosha Wisconsin United States Originally named Southport; renamed in 1850.
1836 Shreveport Louisiana United States
1836 Madison Wisconsin United States
1836 Tulsa Oklahoma United States
1837 Lansing Michigan United States
1837 Houston Texas United States
1837 Oxford Mississippi United States
1837 Toledo Ohio United States
1839 Sacramento California United States
1841 Dallas Texas United States
1841 Racine Wisconsin United States
1843 Atlanta Georgia United States
1843 Des Moines Iowa United States
1843 Victoria British Columbia Canada Incorporated in 1862.
1844 Chagrin Falls Ohio United States
1845 Portland Oregon United States
1847 Brantford Ontario Canada Originally known as Brant's Ford.
1847 Salt Lake City Utah United States Originally known as Great Salt Lake City.
1847 Harrisburg Illinois United States
1848 Mesilla New Mexico United States
1849 Las Cruces New Mexico United States
1849 Provo Utah United States Expanded from Fort Utah.
1850 Kansas City Missouri United States Originally named Kansas.
1850 Phoenix Oregon United States
1851 La Crosse Wisconsin United States [67]
1851 Seattle Washington United States [68]
1852 Oakland California United States
1852 Roanoke Virginia United States founded in 1852 as Big Lick, renamed Roanoke in 1884
1854 Gainesville Florida United States
1854 Omaha Nebraska United States
1854 Saint Paul Minnesota United States
1854 Topeka Kansas United States
1854 Versailles Missouri United States
1855 Champaign Illinois United States Originally named West Urbana.
1856 College Park Maryland United States
1856 Lincoln Nebraska United States Originally named Lancaster.
1856 O'Fallon Missouri United States
1857 Appleton Wisconsin United States
1858 Carson City Nevada United States
1858 Denver Colorado United States
1858 New Westminster British Columbia Canada
1859 Olympia Washington United States
1862 Boise Idaho United States
1862 Prince Albert Saskatchewan Canada Originally known as Isbister's Settlement.
1864 Salinas California United States [69]
1865 Sioux Falls South Dakota United States Expanded from Fort Dakota.
1867 Cheyenne Wyoming United States
1867 Minneapolis Minnesota United States
1867 Vancouver British Columbia Canada Originally known as Gastown.
1868 Phoenix Arizona United States
1870 Wichita Kansas United States
1871 Birmingham Alabama United States
1871 Longmont Colorado United States Originally formed as the Chicago-Colorado Colony.
1871 Colorado Springs Colorado United States Originally named Fountain Colony.
1871 Fargo North Dakota United States Originally named Centralia.
1872 Anniston Alabama United States
1873 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada Formerly known as Fort Rouge. In 1738, Fort Rouge was built on the Assiniboine River in Manitoba, Canada, on the site of what is now the city of Winnipeg. Its exact location is unknown. Its name in English means "red fort". The fort seems to have had a primary purpose as a depot and was abandoned by 1749.
1874 Pasadena California United States
1875 Orlando Florida United States
1877 Billings Montana United States
1881 Brandon Manitoba Canada
1882 Regina Saskatchewan Canada
1883 Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
1884 Calgary Alberta Canada Formerly known as Fort Calgary. In 1875, Fort Brisebois was established, after the outpost's first commander. It was renamed Fort Calgary in June 1876.
1885 Ruston Louisiana United States
1886 Nelson British Columbia Canada
1886 Takoma Park Maryland United States
1887 Gulfport Mississippi United States [70]
1889 Clemson South Carolina United States Originally known as Calhoun.
1889 Norman Oklahoma United States
1889 Oklahoma City Oklahoma United States
1889 Tijuana Baja California Mexico Tijuana derives from the Kumeyaay Tiwan ("by the sea")
1890 Lethbridge Alberta Canada Formerly known as Fort Whoop-Up. In 1869, Fort Hamilton was first built near what is now Lethbridge, Alberta. A second, more secure fort was built, which was later nicknamed Fort Whoop-Up.
1892 Edmonton Alberta Canada Formerly known as Fort Edmonton. In 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the river's north bank as a major trading post for the HBC, near the mouth of the Sturgeon River close to present-day Fort Saskatchewan. Fort Edmonton was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) from 1795 to 1914. The fifth and final Fort Edmonton, 1830–1914, was the one that evolved into present-day Edmonton.
1892 Grottoes Virginia United States
1893 Kamloops British Columbia Canada From the Shuswap Tk'emlups ("meeting of the waters")
1894 Yorkton Saskatchewan Canada In 1882, a group of businessmen and investors formed the York Farmers Colonization Company.
1894 Palo Alto California United States
1894 Tempe Arizona United States
1896 Dawson City Yukon Canada Capital of the Yukon Territory until 1952
1896 Miami Florida United States
1896 State College Pennsylvania United States
1899 Estevan Saskatchewan Canada In 1892, the first settlers arrived in what was to become Estevan. It was incorporated as a village in 1899, and later became a town in 1906.
1905 Cranbrook British Columbia Canada
1903 Moose Jaw Saskatchewan Canada In 1882, settlement began there and the city was incorporated in 1903.
1903 Swift Current Saskatchewan Canada In 1883, the settlement of Swift Current was established. On September 21, 1903, the Hamlet of Swift Current became a village and on March 15, 1907, Swift Current became a town when the population reached 550 people.
1905 Las Vegas Nevada United States
1906 Virginia Beach Virginia United States
1906 North Battleford Saskatchewan Canada In 1875, permanent European settlement started in the area centred around the town of Battleford, and located on the south side of the North Saskatchewan River.
1911 The Pas Manitoba Canada Expanded from Fort Paskoyac.
1914 Anchorage Alaska United States
1915 Prince George British Columbia Canada Expanded from Fort George.
1916 Truth Or Consequences New Mexico United States Originally named Hot Springs.
1934 Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada
1942 Iqaluit Nunavut Canada
1950 Alert Nunavut Canada World's northernmost permanently-inhabited place[citation needed]
1956 Corner Brook Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
1970 Cancún Quintana Roo Mexico Planned balneario
2002 Gatineau Quebec Canada Formed by merging five cities, including Hull.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Sigmundsson, Freysteinn; Sæmundsson, Kristján (March 1, 2008). "Iceland: a window on North-Atlantic divergent plate tectonics and geologic processes". Episodes Journal of International Geoscience. 31 (1): 92–97. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i1/013. Stations with the longest observation span are the REYK station in Reykjavík on the North American plate
  3. ^ "Cline Library - Indigenous Voices of the Colorado Plateau - Hopi Places". library.nau.edu.
  4. ^ "St John's – The Canadian Encyclopedia". Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  5. ^ Paul O'Neill, The Oldest City: The Story of St. John's, Newfoundland, 2003, ISBN 0-9730271-2-6.
  6. ^ Encyclopaedia.com
  7. ^ City of Childersburg website, accessed July 18, 2011.
  8. ^ Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia, Acapulco (de Juárez), p. 7
  9. ^ Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia, Saltillo, p. 1418
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  11. ^ Lane, Ralph. "The Account by Ralph Lane. An account of the particularities of the imployments of the English men left in Virginia by Richard Greenevill under the charge of Master Ralph Lane Generall of the same, from the 17. of August 1585. until the 18. of June 1586. at which time they departed the Countrey; sent and directed to Sir Walter Ralegh". Old South Leaflets (General Series); No. 119. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
  12. ^ "History & Culture - Saint Croix Island International Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
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  14. ^ 1633-Windsor, The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut
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  17. ^ "Springfield, MA". www.nndb.com.
  18. ^ "OLD COLONY HISTORY AT THE OLD COLONY HISTORICAL SOCIETY TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS". Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
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  28. ^ Matthews, Albert (1905). The Naming of Hull, Massachusetts. Press of D. Clapp & son. p. 3.
  29. ^ "Historical overview". chateauricher.qc.ca.
  30. ^ "Town of Kittery Maine: CHAPTER ONE THE HISTORY OF KITTERY". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  31. ^ "History of Medfield". Town of Medfield. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  32. ^ A Brief History, Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. Accessed May 19, 2020. "It was settled in the early autumn of 1664 and was granted a charter on June 1, 1669 by King Charles of England."
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  34. ^ Was Trenton NJ's only capital? If not what other city was?, New Jersey History's Mysteries, updated July 14, 2011. Accessed December 18, 2019. "The very first capital of New Jersey was Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth) named in 1668 when the original Proprietors, Lord Berkeley and George Carteret, send Philip Carteret to govern their new possession. Later they moved the capital to Perth Amboy in 1686, and when New Jersey was divided into East and West Jersey, Burlington became the capital of the latter, and Perth Amboy remained the capital of the former. In 1702, New Jersey became a Royal Colony, but both towns remained capitals and the Royal Governors split time between the two (when they didn't govern from New York City, but that is another story)."
  35. ^ "Town of Westfield, Massachusetts". Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
  36. ^ "About Middleborough Massachusetts". www.middleborough.com.
  37. ^ "History and Description". www.town.wallingford.ct.us.
  38. ^ "History".
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  41. ^ "History of Glastonbury - Glastonbury, CT". glastonbury-ct.gov.
  42. ^ Nacogdoches, Texas History Archived July 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, City of Nacogdoches
  43. ^ "Historic Natchez on the Mississippi". Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  44. ^ "Richmond VA > Visitors". www.richmondgov.com.
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  46. ^ "History of Augusta--Augusta: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov.
  47. ^ Coopman, David T. Rock Island County. Charleston SC, Chicago IL, Portsmouth NH, San Francisco CA: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.
  48. ^ "The Attakapas Country: A History of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana" by Harry Lewis Griffin
  49. ^ New Smyrna Beach, FL – Official Website – History, New Smyrna Beach, Florida Archived September 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
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  51. ^ The Naval Department of San Blas, The California State Military Museum
  52. ^ Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary, p. 1219
  53. ^ Dutch Harbor/Unalaska, Community Profiles for North Pacific Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA
  54. ^ "Cornwall and the War of 1812". Choose Cornwall. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
  55. ^ "History - Dubuque, IA - Official Website". www.cityofdubuque.org.
  56. ^ "Time Trail, West Virginia, December 1997 Programs". www.wvculture.org.
  57. ^ "Monroe - Louisiana, United States".
  58. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kenai
  59. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kodiak
  60. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Old Sitka
  61. ^ Harlow, Alvin Fay (December 27, 2023). "Old Post Bags: The Story of The Sending of a Letter in Ancient and Modern Times". Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  62. ^ "Prince George". BC Geographical Names.
  63. ^ Fort Astoria, Oregon, Lewis and Clark's Columbia River
  64. ^ "Kamloops". BC Geographical Names.
  65. ^ "Alexandria". BC Geographical Names.
  66. ^ An Overview of Vancouver's History, City of Vancouver
  67. ^ "La Crosse". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
  68. ^ Brief History of Seattle, City of Seattle
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Bibliography
  1. ^ "The Founding of Monterey", The Monterey County Historical Society, 1996. Accessed June 15, 2007
  2. ^ "A Short History of Salinas, California", The Monterey County Historical Society, 2006. Accessed June 15, 2007
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