You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.200.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 16:45, 10 February 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 March 2025
Your current IP address is 44.200.254.7. The blocked range is 44.200.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Empires and dynasties related to the Pashtun ethnicity))
((Pashtuns))
The following is a list of [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] or [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]] empires and dynasties. It includes [[State (polity)|states]], [[princely state]]s, [[empire]]s and [[Dynasty|dynasties]] in the regions of [[Central Asia|Central]], [[Western Asia|Western]] and [[South Asia]] which were founded by rulers or dynasties of Pashtun origin. This list also includes rulers and dynasties who are of disputed origin.

==In Western Asia== 
((See also|List of heads of state of Afghanistan|Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan))
* [[Taymani]]s (1565/6-1894), established by Tayman, a [[Kakar]] Pashtun.<ref>((Cite book |last=selskab |first=Kongelige Danske videnskabernes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LjsTAQAAMAAJ |title=Historisk-filosofiske meddelelser |date=1960 |publisher=I kommission hos Munksgaard |pages=8 |language=en))</ref> The Taymanis would conquer [[Ghor Province|Ghor]] in the late 1600s. During the decline of the Safavids,<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gOLWAAAAMAAJ |title=Ultimate Reality and Meaning |date=1984 |publisher=Van Gorcum |pages=38 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last1=Tapper |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFWQAgAAQBAJ |title=Technology, Tradition and Survival: Aspects of Material Culture in the Middle East and Central Asia |last2=McLachlan |first2=Keith |date=2004-11-23 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-77701-2 |pages=59 |language=en))</ref> the Taymanis conquered [[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]] and [[Isfizar]] under Dilawar Khan.<ref>((Cite book |last1=McChesney |first1=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9QkzAQAAQBAJ |title=The History of Afghanistan (6 vol. set): Fayż Muḥammad Kātib Hazārah's Sirāj al-tawārīkh |last2=Khorrami |first2=Mohammad Mehdi |date=2012-12-19 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-23498-7 |pages=2038 |language=en))</ref> The Taymanis would go onto siding with the [[Durrani Empire]] during their rise and gave troops to the Sadozais. The Taymanis began declining in the nineteenth century until finally being stripped of their privileges in 1894, ending Taymani rule in Ghor.<ref>((Cite book|last=Noelle-Karimi|first=Christine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kdl9oAEACAAJ|title=The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th–19th Centuries)|date=2014|publisher=Austrian Academy of Sciences Press|isbn=978-3-7001-7202-4|language=en))</ref>
* [[Hotak dynasty]] (1709–1738), established by [[Mir Wais Hotak]] from [[Kandahar]], who declared independence from the Persian [[Safavids]]. Hotak was a tribal chief of the [[Ghilzai]] Pashtuns.<ref name="Malleson2">((Cite book|last1=Malleson|first1=George Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C&pg=PA227|title=History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878|publisher=Elibron.com|year=1878|isbn=1402172788|location=London|page=227|access-date=2010-09-27|archive-date=2017-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125629/https://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C&pg=PA227|url-status=live))</ref><ref name="Ewans2">((Cite book |last1=Ewans |first1=Martin |author-link=Martin Ewans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C&pg=PA227 |title=Afghanistan: a short history of its people and politics |author2= |publisher=Perennial |year=2002 |isbn=0060505087 |location=New York |page=30 |access-date=2010-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125629/https://books.google.com/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C&pg=PA227 |archive-date=2017-04-16 |url-status=live))</ref> The Hotaki dynasty ruled over much of southern Afghanistan and most of [[Iran]] (Persia) at its peak. The dynasty lasted until 1738 when it was overthrown by the [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharids]] of Persia under [[Nader Shah]].
[[File:Portrait of Ahmad Shah Durrani.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], founder of the Durrani Empire.]]
*[[Durrani Empire]]: [[Durrani Empire|1747–1823 (Empire)]]; [[Herat (1793-1863)|1793–1863 (Herat)]]; [[First Anglo-Afghan War|1839–1842 (Shah Shuja's Kingdom)]], a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] empire founded by the Pashtun military commander [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], with its origins in the [[Durrani dynasty]] of Afghanistan. Kandahar in modern Afghanistan served as the empire's first capital.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10162/Ahmad-Shah-Durrani |title=Aḥmad Shah Durrānī |access-date=2010-08-25 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2010 |archive-date=2014-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404104909/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10162/Ahmad-Shah-Durrani |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="JFS">((cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/text_761569370___42/Afghanistan.html |title=Afghanistan (Archived) |access-date=2010-03-21 |work=John Ford Shroder |publisher=[[University of Nebraska]] |year=2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031052339/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761569370___42/Afghanistan.html |archive-date=October 31, 2009 ))</ref> Ahmad Shah belonged to the [[Durrani]] tribe (also known as the Abdalis). At its peak, the Durrani Empire encompassed all of Afghanistan, most of Pakistan and parts of [[northern India]] (including [[Kashmir]]), northeastern [[Iran]] and eastern [[Turkmenistan]].<ref name="EB">((cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/21395/Nadir-Shah#toc21396 |title=The Durrani dynasty |access-date=2012-10-01 |encyclopedia=Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |year=2010 |archive-date=2013-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216132339/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/21395/Nadir-Shah#toc21396 |url-status=live ))</ref> In the second half of the 18th century, the Durrani Empire was the second-largest Muslim empire in the world after the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="EB" /> 
* [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1823–1978). From the early nineteenth century to early twentieth century, the Barakzais were the [[List of monarchs of Afghanistan|royal family of Afghanistan]]. The Barakzais ruled over the Emirate of Afghanistan.
* [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] (1996–2001). Founded during the Afghan Civil War from 1992 to 1996, they quickly rose to power and continued conflict during the [[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)|Afghan Civil War]] that ranged from 1996 to 2001. They were deposed from power during the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan]], beginning the [[Taliban insurgency]].
* [[Afghanistan|Second Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] (2021–) The restored Islamic Emirate under [[Taliban]] rule.                   
 
 Azad Khan Afghan.(1751-57) Ruler of Iran and Azerbaijan.

==In South Asia==
[[File:Map of the Khalji Sultanate.png|alt=Territory controlled by the Khaljis circa 1320|thumb|Territory controlled by the [[Ghilji|Khaljis]] circa 1320<ref>((Cite web |title=-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |archive-date=2021-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605005217/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |url-status=live ))</ref>]]
*[[Khilji dynasty of Bengal]] (1204—1231) [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji|Bakhtiyar Khalji]] was a [[Turko-Afghan]] general of the [[Ghurid Empire]].<ref>((Cite book|title=Know Your State West Bengal|publisher=Arihant Experts|year=2019|pages=15|quote=Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.))</ref><ref>((Cite book|last=Chandra|first=Satish|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)|year=2004|pages=226|quote=Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions . That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part - Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.))</ref> The Khaljis ruled Bengal until 1227 before they were deposed from power and integrated as a province of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] under the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]]. The Khaljis returned to power briefly in 1229 but were again deposed from power in 1231.<ref name=bpedia>((cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Balka Khalji, Ikhtiyaruddin |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Balka_Khalji,_Ikhtiyaruddin |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]))</ref>
*[[Khilji dynasty]] (1290—1320),  was a [[Turko-Afghan]]<ref name="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">((cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Yusuf Husain |title=Indo-Muslim Polity (Turko-Afghan Period) |year=1971 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-_2b1sxbtAC&q=turco-afghan+khalji |language=en |access-date=2022-11-23 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310204403/https://books.google.com/books?id=a-_2b1sxbtAC&q=turco-afghan+khalji |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="Cambridge University Press">((cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=Michael H. |title=An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century |date=18 October 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-11162-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&q=turco-afghan+khalji&pg=PA86 |language=en |quote=In 1290, the Turk-Afghan Khilji clan ended the first mamluk dynasty and then ruled in Delhi until one of their own Turkish mamluk commanders rebelled and established his own Tugluq dynasty |access-date=23 November 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310204403/https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&q=turco-afghan+khalji&pg=PA86 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite book|author=Satish Chandra|author-link=Satish Chandra (historian)|title=History of Medieval India:800-1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-3226-7|page=93|quote=The Khalji rebellion was welcomed by the non-Turkish sections in the nobility. The Khaljis who were of a mixed Turkish-Afghan origin, did not exclude the Turks from high offices, but the rise of the Khaljis to power ended the Turkish monopoly of high offices|language=en|access-date=2022-11-23|archive-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310204403/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ|url-status=live))</ref> dynasty founded by [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji|Jalaluddin Khilji]] as the second dynasty to rule the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultanate of India]].<ref>((cite journal |author= Mohammad Aziz Ahmad |title= The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India. (1206-1290 A.d.) |journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher= Indian History Congress |date= 1939 |volume= 3 |pages= 832–841 |jstor= 44252438 ))</ref><ref name="Ashirbadi2">((cite book |author=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D. |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bdw9AAAAMAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |oclc=575452554 |page=98 |quote= His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks.))</ref><ref name="Eraly2">((cite book|author=Abraham Eraly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|title=The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2015|isbn=978-93-5118-658-8|page=126|postscript=:"The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks."|author-link=Abraham Eraly|access-date=2022-10-10|archive-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310204403/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|url-status=live))</ref> Its rule is known for conquests into present day South India,<ref name="Khalji Dynasty">((cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9045252/Khalji-Dynasty |title=Khalji Dynasty |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=2014-11-13 |quote=This dynasty, like the previous Slave dynasty, was of Turkish origin, though the Khaljī tribe had long been settled in Afghanistan. Its three kings were noted for their faithlessness, their ferocity, and their penetration to the South of India. |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517005459/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9045252/Khalji-Dynasty |url-status=live ))</ref> and successfully fending off the repeated [[Mongol invasions of India]].<ref name="Mikaberidze">((Cite book|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-5988-4337-8|page=62|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA62|access-date=2013-06-13|archive-date=2023-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310204403/https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA62|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite book |title=The state at war in South Asia |last1=Barua |first1=Pradeep |year=2005 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-1344-1 |page=437 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC |access-date=2010-08-23 |archive-date=2023-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116054856/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC |url-status=live ))</ref>
* [[Malwa Sultanate]] (1392–1531/1537—1562), founded by [[Dilawar Khan]], an [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]]<ref name="EncofIslam">((EI2|last1=Haig|first1=T.W.|last2= Islam|first2=Riazul|title=Mālwā|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/malwa-SIM_4883?s.num=12&s.au=%22Haig%2C+T.W.%22&s.f.s2_parent_title=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition|volume=6))</ref> or a [[Turko-Afghan]]<ref>((Cite book |last=Keay |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IquM4BrJ4YC&dq=Dilawar+Khan+afghan+malwa&pg=PT462 |title=India: A History |date=2011-04-12 |publisher=Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |isbn=978-0-8021-9550-0 |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220000129/https://books.google.com/books?id=0IquM4BrJ4YC&dq=Dilawar+Khan+afghan+malwa&pg=PT462 |url-status=live ))</ref>  governor of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. In 1437, the Ghurid dynasty of Dilawar Khan was overthrown by [[Mahmud Khalji|Mahmud Khan]], a [[Ghilji|Khilji]] [[Turko-Afghan]] descendant of the [[Khalji dynasty]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C |date=2004 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-13561-8|page=140|quote=The Subsequent Khalji dynasty (1436-1531) had the same origin as the Khalji dynasty of Delhi...))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Hadi |first=Nabi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&q=Mahmud+Khalji+turko-afghan |title=Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature |date=1995 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-311-3 |language=en|quote=Originally he belonged to a neighborhood of Bukhara, and after much wandering across the cities of the Islamic world, at last, came to settle in Mandu, capital city of the Independent Sultans of Malwah claiming descent from the Khalji clan, the Turko-Afghan mixture.))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Lee |first=Jonathan |title=Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present |publisher=Reaktion Books |year=2019 |isbn=9781789140101 |pages=55 |language=English))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CJXEAAAQBAJ&q=afghan |title=Al-Hind, Volume 3 Indo-Islamic Society, 14th- 15th Centuries |date=2003-11-15 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0274-9 |language=en|page=143))</ref> The Khilji dynasty continued to reign until 1531, when it was [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], the ruler of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. The Khilji dynasty would return to rule in 1537 under Qadir Shah, a former officer.<ref>((cite book |last=Kolff|first=Dirk H. A.|date=2002|title=Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=103|isbn=9780521523059))</ref> Qadir Shah held power until 1542, when he was deposed by the Afghan emperor [[Sher Shah Suri]]. Sher Shah gave governorship of Malwa to an Afghan chief, Shujaat Khan.<ref>((Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Masudul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFMkAQAAIAAJ&q=shujaat+khan+governor+of+malwa+afghan |title=History of Islam: Classical period, 1206-1900 C.E |date=1998 |publisher=Adam Publishers & Distributors |language=en|page=374))</ref> Following Shujaat Khan's death, his son [[Baz Bahadur]] succeeded him. Baz Bahadur declared the [[Malwa Sultanate]] independent, and he reigned until he was deposed by the [[Mughal Empire]], and his kingdom absorbed in 1562.<ref>((cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-yNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Ujjain+was+then+given+temporarily+to+Darya+Khan+Gujarati+,+who+had+been+wazir+of |title= Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Ujjain |author= V. S. Krishnan · |date=1982 |page=46))</ref><ref name=majumdar>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.112-3</ref>

[[File:Map of the Lodis.png|thumb|Map showing the territory under the Lodi dynasty.<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">((Cite web |title=-- Schwartzberg Atlas -- Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186 |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |archive-date=2021-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003445/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=186 |url-status=live ))</ref>]]
* [[Lodi dynasty]] (1451–1526), founded by [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]], who belonged from the [[Lodi (Pashtun tribe)|Lodi tribe]]. It was the last dynasty to rule the [[Delhi Sultanate]].
*[[File:The Sur Empire at its height.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of the Sur Empire at its height]] [[Sur Empire]] (1538/1540—1556), founded by [[Sher Shah Suri]], a Pashtun military and political figure who belonged to the [[Sur (Pashtun tribe)|Sur tribe]] of [[Kakar]]s.<ref>((Cite book |last=Lee |first=Jonathan |title=Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present |publisher=Reaktion Books |year=2019 |isbn=9781789140101 |pages=57 |language=English))</ref> The Sur dynasty ousted the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] in north India and controlled areas encompassing, Pakistan, northern India and up to [[Bengal]], with Delhi as its capital. Sher Shah expanded the empires territory significantly until his accidental death in 1545, where he was succeeded by his son, [[Islam Shah Suri]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Ali Khan |first=Zulfiqar |title=Sher Shah Suri, Emperor of India |publisher=Civil and Military Gazette Press |year=1925 |pages=99–100))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&q=sher+shah+suri+bengal+campaign+1537 |title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2011-07-22 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-337-8 |language=en|page=830))</ref> The Empire began falling into civil war following Islam Shah's death.<ref name="Smith">((cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503 | title=Akbar the Great Mogul, 1542–1605 | publisher=Oxford at the Clarendon Press | last=Smith | first=Vincent Arthur | author-link=Vincent Arthur Smith | year=1917 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503/page/n56 33]))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Baumer |first1=Christoph |title=History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-867-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cemWDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Firuz+Shah+Suri%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT562 |language=en))</ref> The Surs were supplanted again by the Mughals in 1556 after a sixteen-year rule.<ref name="gulbadan">((cite book|author=Begum, Gulbadan|author-link=Gulbadan Begum|title=The History of Humāyūn (Humāyūn-nāmah)|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|year=1902|pages=260))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2018-03-18 |title=Battles for India at Sirhind |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/shooting-straight/battles-for-india-at-sirhind/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Times of India Blog |language=en-US))</ref>
* [[Karrani dynasty]] (1564—1576), founded by [[Taj Khan Karrani]].<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K1NmAAAAMAAJ |title=Numismatic Digest |date=2000 |publisher=Numismatic Society of Bombay. |pages=64 |language=en))</ref> He hailed from the [[Karlani]] tribe. He formerly served [[Sher Shah Suri]] and had moved to Bengal. The Karrani dynasty ruled over all of [[Bengal]], as well as [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] and parts of [[Bihar]]. It was the last dynasty of the [[Bengal Sultanate]]. The Karrani were defeated by the Mughals, losing all their territory to the latter by the seventeenth century.
[[File:Khaljis of Malwa.png|thumb|right|250px|Map of the Khaljis of Malwa at their height<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu"/>]]
* [[Noohani dynasty]] (1523—1532), founded by Bahar Khan Noohani, an [[Afghan (ethnonym)|Afghan]] [[Pashtun]] who centered his dynasty in [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Farooqui |first=Salma Ahmed |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=nuhani+bihar+pashtun&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-eighteenth Century |date=2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-3202-1 |language=en|page=223))</ref>

===Disputed Origins===
* [[Bahmani Sultanate]] (1347–1527), The Bahmani Sultanate was founded by [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah]], who was of [[Afghans|Afghan]], or [[Turkic peoples|Turk]] origin.<ref>((Cite book |last=Jenkins|first=Everett|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, Volume 1 |publisher=McFarland |year=2015 |isbn=9781476608884 |pages=257 |language=English|quote=Zafar Khan alias Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman Shah.))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse |last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=9780415329200 |pages=181 |language=English|quote=The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in Gujarat.))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |title=The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781108417747 |pages=87 |language=English))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Kerr|first=Gordon|title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse |publisher=Oldcastle Books Ltd|year=2017|isbn=9781843449232|pages=160|language=English|quote=In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).))</ref> According to the historian [[Ferishta]], he was of Afghan birth.<ref>((Cite book |last=Scott |first=Jonathan |title=Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: with a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors in the empire of Hindoostan to the present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780 |publisher=hansebooks |year=2016 |isbn=9783743414709 |pages=15|quote=Some Authors write that he was descended from Bahman, one of the ancient kings of Persia. And I have seen a pedigree of him, fo derived (?), in the royal library of Ahmednagar: but am inclined to believe, such lineage was only framed upon his accession to royalty, by flatterers and poets, and that his origin is too obscure to be authentically traced. The apellation of Bahmani, he certainly took in compliment to Kango Brahmin, which is often pronounced Bhamen, and by tribe he was an Afghan.))</ref> Another theory of origin for Zafar Khan is that he was of [[Brahmin|Brahman]] origin,<ref name=b/> and that Bahman is a corrupted personalized form of Brahman,<ref>((Cite book |last=McCann |first=Michael W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtoAayu603kC&dq=his+name+derives+from+corruption+of+word+Brahman&pg=RA1-PA253 |title=Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization |date=1994-07-15 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-55571-3 |language=en))</ref> with Hasan Gangu being Hindu Brahman who became Muslim.<ref name=a>((cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rRxkAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+hindu+convert |page=3 |author=Suvorova |title= Masnavi: A Study of Urdu|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |date=2000|isbn=978-0-19-579148-8 ))</ref><ref name=b>((cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NRluAAAAMAAJ&q=hasan+gangu+brahmin+convert |title= Hindu Muslim Communalism |page=140 |author= Jayanta Gaḍakarī  |date=2000 ))</ref> however this has been discredited by Husaini, who explains why the idea of a Brahmin origin or Zafar Khan originally being a Hindu convert to Islam is untenable.<ref>((Cite book |last=Husaini (Saiyid.) |first=Abdul Qadir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJgrnbdaefEC |title=Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom |date=1960 |publisher=Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay |language=en|pages=60–63))</ref> The Bahmanis took power after an Afghan, Nasir-ud-din Ismail Shah, also known as Ismail Mukh, [[Rebellion of Ismail Mukh|led a rebellion]] against the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].<ref>((Cite book |last=Ahmed Farooqui |first=Salma |title=Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |publisher=Pearson |year=2011 |isbn=9789332500983 |pages=150))</ref> The rebellion was successful and Ismail Mukh [[abdicated]] in favor of Alauddin, allowing him to establish an independent state in the [[Deccan]], with his headquarters at [[Kalaburagi|Hasanabad]]. The Bahmanis were the first independent Muslim kingdom centred in the Deccan.<ref name="Ansari">[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/home/index.isc Ansari, N.H. "Bahmanid Dynasty"] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019004703/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/home/index.isc |date=19 October 2006 )) ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''</ref>
* [[Shah Mir dynasty]] (1339–1561) The Shah Mir dynasty was formed in 1339, founded by [[Shah Mir]]. Modern scholarship differ on the origin of Shah Mir. However, most modern historians generally accept that Shah Mir was from [[Sultanate of Swat|Swat]] in [[Dardistan]].<ref name=Schimmel/><ref>((Cite book |last1=Wani |first1=Muhammad Ashraf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgymEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT255 |title=The Making of Early Kashmir: Intercultural Networks and Identity Formation |last2=Wani |first2=Aman Ashraf |date=2023-02-22 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-83655-4 |pages=225 |language=en))</ref><ref name=Balrafiq/><ref>((Cite book |last=Malik |first=Jamal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAT1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 |title=Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition |date=2020-04-06 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42271-1 |pages=157 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last1=Holt |first1=Peter Malcolm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA25 |title=The Cambridge History of Islam |last2=Lambton |first2=Ann K. S. |last3=Lewis |first3=Bernard |date=1970 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29137-8 |pages=25 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Markovits |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2OKvG5wbaAC&pg=PA40 |title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950 |date=2004-09-24 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-152-2 |pages=40 |language=en))</ref> Some accounts trace his descent from the [[Sultanate of Swat|rulers of Swāt]].((efn|The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam.<ref>((citation |last=Gull |first=Surayia |title=Mir Saiyid Ali Hamadani And Kubraviya Sufi Order In Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldvXAAAAMAAJ |date=2003 |publisher=Kanikshka Publishers, Distributors |isbn=978-81-7391-581-9 |page=3))</ref>))<ref>((Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Saligram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=It1LePnN2LsC&pg=PA108 |title=Kashmiri Scholars Contribution to Knowledge and World Peace: Proceedings of National Seminar by Kashmir Education Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delhi |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0402-0 |pages=108 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUlwmXjE9DQC&pg=PA42 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-49-7 |pages=42 |language=en))</ref> [[Andre Wink]] puts forward the opinion that Shah Mir was possibly of Afghan, Turk, or even Tibetan origin.<ref>((citation |last=Wink |first=André |title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C |date=2004 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-13561-8|page=140|quote=The first Muslim dynasty of Kashmir was founded in 1324 by Shah Mìrzà, who was probably an Afghan warrior from Swat or a Qarauna Turk, possibly even a Tibetan ...))</ref> The [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] also suggests a possible Afghan origin.<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mEFJAQAAMAAJ&q=shah+mir+afghan+adventurer |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islām: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples |date=1970 |publisher=E. J. Brill |language=en|page=793|quote=Perhaps made the way easier for the next Musalman adventurer, Shah - Mir Swatt (probably an Afghan), who seized the crown and brought in Muhammadun rule under the title of Shams al-Azam in 735 (1334).))</ref> However, A.Q. Rafiqi believes that Shah Mir was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat.<ref name=Balrafiq>((cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |last2=Rafiq |first2=A. Q. |date=1998 |chapter=The regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: the historical, social and economic setting |pages=293–318 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=IV |publisher=Unesco |isbn=923103467-7|url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind,%20baluchistan,%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028131445/https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind,%20baluchistan,%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2016))</ref>((rp|311–312)) Some scholars state that Shah Mir arrived from the Panjgabbar valley (Panchagahvara),<ref name="Sharma 1992 628">((citation |last=Sharma |first=R. S. |author-link=Ram Sharan Sharma |title=A Comprehensive History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucQKAQAAIAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Orient Longmans |isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |page=628 |quote="Jonaraja records two events of Suhadeva's reign (1301-20), which were of far-reaching importance and virtually changed the course of the history of Kashmir. The first was the arrival of Shah Mir in 1313. He was a Muslim condottiere from the border of Panchagahvara, an area situated to the south of the Divasar pargana in the valley of river Ans, a tributary of the Chenab."))</ref> which was populated by Khasa people, and so ascribe a [[Khasas|Khāsa]] ethnicity to Shah Mir.<ref name=Zutshi/><ref>((citation |last=Wani |first=Nizam-ud-Din |title=Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1554 A.D. to 1586 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikpuAAAAMAAJ |year=1987 |publisher=Jay Kay Book House |page=29 |quote="Shamir was a Khasa by birth and descended from the chiefs of Panchagahvara."))</ref> Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the various versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions ''Swadgir'' rather than Swat, which he interprets as ''Swadgabar'', meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of ''Panchagahvara-Simani'' (on the borders of Panchagagvara).<ref name=Zutshi/> It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family from Swat which accompanied the sage [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]] and were associated to the [[Kubrawiya]], a Sufi group in Kashmir.<ref name=Schimmel>((cite book|last=Schimmel|first=Annemarie|title=Islam in the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYImm1TnemwC|access-date=2014-11-10|year=1980|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-06117-7 |page=44))</ref> Older sources and historians such as [[Jonaraja]] state that Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha ([[Arjuna]]) of Mahabharata fame. Abu ’l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and [[Firishta]] also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's [[Rajatarangini]], which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni translated into Persian at [[Akbar]]’s orders. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate.<ref name=Balrafiq/><ref name="Sharma 1992 628"/><ref name=Zutshi>((citation |last=Zutshi |first=N. K. |title=Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir: an age of enlightenment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzluAAAAMAAJ |year=1976 |publisher=Nupur Prakashan |page=7 |quote="This area in which Panchagahvara was situated is mentioned as having been the place of habitation of the Khasa tribe. Shah Mir was, therefore, a ''Khasa'' by birth. This conclusion is further strengthened by references to the part of the Khasas increasingly played in the politics of Kashmir with which their connections became intimate after the occupation of Kashmir.))
</ref>

===Princely states===

Several independent [[princely state]]s founded by Pashtuns existed during the [[British Raj]] era. Most of the Pashtun region east of the [[Durand Line]] was annexed by the British in the twentieth century, and formed the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier]]. The Pashtun [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|tribal agencies]] along the Durand Line, further west from the North-West Frontier, formed a [[buffer zone]] between Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier of British India. Following the end of the Raj and the creation of Pakistan and India, the North-West Frontier and tribal agencies became part of Pakistan. The princely states were also given only two choices, the choice to formally accede to the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] or [[Dominion of India]], depending on their geographical location. These princely states were eventually abolished and integrated into the federation (see [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]] and [[Political integration of India]]).

*[[Rohilla Chieftaincies]] (1710–1857). [[Ali Mohammed Khan]], an ethnic Jat and honorary Pathan, founded the Rohilla state in western U.P. After his death in 1748, Rohilkhand split up into several independent Rohilla Chieftaincies. Notable Chiefs were [[Hafiz Rahmat Khan]], [[Najib ad-Dawlah]], Dundy Khan, and [[Faizullah Khan]] (the son of Ali, also an ethnic Jat and honorary Pathan). In 1772 the total Rohilla armed forces were estimated at 80,000 cavalry and infantry.<ref>Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 12 page 429</ref> Rohillas were the main allies of the Durranis in Third Panipat War in 1761.  Most of the [[Rohilla]] leaders were defeated in Anglo-Rohilla wars.  Only [[Rampur district|Rampur]], under Faizullah Khan, survived as a princely state.
* [[Orakzai dynasty]] was a dynasty which directly descended from the Orakzai tribe. Various branches ruled these princely states:
** [[Bhopal State]] (1707–1949), a princely state existing from 1707 to 1949, although its origins date back to 1707 when the Bhopal State was established by [[Dost Mohammad Khan, Nawab of Bhopal|Dost Mohammad Khan]], a Pashtun soldier in the [[Mughal Army]] who belonged to the Mirazi Khel clan of the [[Orakzai]] tribe from [[Tirah]]<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhopal.html |title=BHOPAL |access-date=2015-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607125302/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bhopal.html |archive-date=2015-06-07 |url-status=dead ))</ref> (located in the present-day [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|tribal areas]] of northwest Pakistan).<ref>"Mirazi" is probably of "Mir Aziz". (Shaharyar M. Khan, 2000)</ref> The state came under the suzerainty of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] shortly after its foundation in 1723, and then came under the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] in 1737 after their victory in the [[Battle of Bhopal]]. It became a princely state in 1818, following the defeat of the Marathas in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. [[Islamnagar, Bhopal|Islamnagar]] served as the first capital, followed by [[Bhopal]] (in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]). The city of [[Islamnagar, Bhopal|Islamnagar]] and [[Bhopal]] was founded by Dost Mohammad Khan in 1716 and early 1720s. It was the second largest Muslim princely state in pre-independence India, after [[Hyderabad State]]. In 1949, the state acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] (see [[Pathans of Madhya Pradesh]] for more information).
** [[Kurwai State]] (1713–1948), founded by Muhammad Diler Khan, a Pashtun rising through merit in the Mughal Army. Muhammad Diler Khan belonged to the Firoz Khel clan of the [[Orakzai]] tribe,  Diler Khan's state consisted of the town of [[Kurwai]] and several surrounding villages in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]].  The town of [[Kurwai]] was founded by Mohammed Diler Khan in 1715
** [[Basoda State]] (1753–1947), established by Muhammad Ahsanullah Khan son of Muhammad Diler Khan founder of [[Kurwai State]] belonged to the Firoz Khel clan of the [[Orakzai]] tribe,  its headquarters were at [[Ganj Basoda]] in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]].
** [[Mohammadgarh State]] (1818–1947), established by Muhammad khan son of Muhammad Ahsanullah Khan founder of [[Basoda State]] belonged to the Firoz Khel clan of the [[Orakzai]] tribe, its headquarters were at [[Muhammadgarh, India|Muhammadgarh]] in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The town of [[Muhammadgarh, India|Muhammadgarh]] was founded by Muhammed Khan and named by his name.
* [[Babi dynasty]] (1654–1948), founded in 1654 by Muhammed Sherkhanji Babi.  He belonged to [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]] tribe of Pashtuns.<ref>((cite web
  | title = Junagadh
  | work = Genealogical Gleanings
  | publisher = Soszynski, Henry. University of Queensland
  | url = http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/j/junagadh.html
  | access-date = 2010-04-12
  | archive-date = 2010-01-24
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100124132204/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/j/junagadh.html
  | url-status = live
))</ref> The [[Babi Dynasty]] ruled over parts of [[Gujarat]]. Babi's descendants (see [[Pathans of Gujarat]] for more information) controlled the following princely states:
** [[Junagadh State]] (1730–1948), 1st Nawab, Muhammad Sher khan Babi, a pathan belonging to the family of last deputy Governor of [[Gujarat]] province in [[Mughal Empire]]. Muhammad Sher khan Babi belonged to the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]] of Pashtuns, its headquarters were at [[Junagadh]] in present-day [[Gujarat]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/junagadh.html |title=Junagadh |access-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520212059/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/junagadh.html |archive-date=2017-05-20 |url-status=dead ))</ref>
** [[Radhanpur State]] (1753–1948), Jawan Mard Khan Babi II, 1st Nawab, a pathan belonging to the family of last deputy Governor of [[Gujarat]] province in [[Mughal Empire]]. Nawab Khan Jahan Babi belonged to the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]] of Pashtuns, its headquarters were at [[Radhanpur]] in present-day [[Gujarat]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/r/radhanpur.html |title=Radhanpur |access-date=2015-04-02 |archive-date=2015-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224024302/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/r/radhanpur.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>
** [[Balasinor State]] (1758–1948), 1st Nawab, Sardar Muhammed khan Babi, a pathan belonging to the family of last deputy Governor of [[Gujarat]] province in [[Mughal Empire]]. Sardar Muhammed khan Babi belonged to the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]] tribe of Pashtuns, its headquarters were at [[Balasinor]] in present-day [[Gujarat]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/balasinor.html |title=Balasinor |access-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116182707/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/balasinor.html |archive-date=2018-01-16 |url-status=dead ))</ref>
** [[Bantva Manavadar]] (1733–1947), 1st Nawab, Diler Khan Salabat Muhammed Khan Babi, a pathan belonging to the family of last deputy Governor of [[Gujarat]] province in [[Mughal Empire]]. Dilawer Khan Salabat Muhammed khan Babi belonged to the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]] of Pashtuns. Its headquarters were at [[Manavadar]] in present-day [[Gujarat]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/m/manavadar.html |title=Manavadar |access-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516165233/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/m/manavadar.html |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=dead ))</ref>
** [[Sardargarh Bantva]] (1733–1948), 1st Nawab, Khan Shri Sherzamankhanji Babi, a pathan belonging to the family of last deputy Governor of [[Gujarat]] province in [[Mughal Empire]]. Khan Shri Sherzamankhanji Babi belonged to the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] or [[Babai (Pashtun tribe)]]  tribe of Pashtuns, its headquarters were at [[Bantva]] in present-day [[Gujarat]].<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/Bantva.html |title=BANTVA |access-date=2015-04-18 |archive-date=2015-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417175622/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bantva.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]], small princely state comprising the present-day [[Upper Dir District|Upper Dir]] and [[Lower Dir District|Lower Dir]] districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The state was founded in the seventeenth century by an Akhun Khel clan of the [[Malizai]] sept of [[Yusufzai]] tribe,<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/1933.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-12 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701172059/http://www.mahraka.com/pdf/1933.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref> with [[Dir, Pakistan|Dir]] serving as the capital. Dir nawab acceded to Pakistan in 1948. In 1969, the state along with the royal house was abolished.
* [[Muhammad Khan Bangash|Farrukhabad State]]
* [[Malerkotla State]] (1657–1948), The Malerkotla state was founded in 1454 A.D. by Sheikh Sadruddin-i-Jahan, a pious man of the [[Shirani (Pashtun tribe)|Sherani tribe]] of the Darban Kalan and Frontier Region of Drazinda. The State of [[Malerkotla]] was established in 1657 by Bayazid Khan.  Bayazid Khan was granted the privilege to build a fort, which he named Malerkotla and eventually gave its name to the state. On 3 May 1809 Maler Kotla became a British protectorate and was made part of the Cis-Sutlej states until 1862.  Many local people attribute this peaceful strain to the presence of the shrine of 'Baba Haidar Sheikh', the Sufi saint, who founded the town of Malerkotla more than 500 years ago.
* [[Pataudi State]] (1804–1947), established in 1804 by Nawab Faiz Talab Khan of [[Barech]] tribe during the rule of the British East India Company and capital as [[Pataudi]]<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pataudi.html |title=Pataudi |access-date=2015-04-01 |archive-date=2015-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128040155/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pataudi.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Dujana State]] (1806–1948), established in 1806 by Nawab Abdus Samad Khan of [[Yusufzai]] tribe during the rule of the British East India Company and situated in [[Jhajjar district]]<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/dujana.html |title=DUJANA |access-date=2015-04-01 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142532/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/d/dujana.html |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Dujana%20State%201904%20Main%20file.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501211657/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/Dujana%20State%201904%20Main%20file.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-01 |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Tonk State]] (1806–1949), The founder of the state was [[Muhammad Amir Khan]] an adventurer and military leader of pashtun descent and belonged to the [[salarzai]] subtribe of the [[Tarkani]] tribe and a [[Rohilla]]. In 1817, upon submitting to the British East India Company, he kept his territory of Tonk and received the title of Nawab. While retaining internal autonomy and remaining outside British India, the state consisted of six isolated districts. Four of these were under the Rajasthan province, namely, [[Tonk, India|Tonk]], [[Chhabra]], [[Pirawa]] and [[Nimbahera]]. The other two, Aligarh formerly [[Rampura, Neemuch|Rampura]] and [[Sironj]] were in Madhya pradesh province.
* [[Jaora State]] (1808–1948), founded by Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan, a Pashtun cavalry officer and a [[Rohilla]] serving [[Muhammad Amir Khan]], the Pashtun founder of the princely state of Tonk. Abdul Ghafur Muhammad Khan also served the [[Holkar]] ruler, annexing [[Rajput]] territories in northern [[Malwa]]. For his services, he was designated the title of a [[nawab]]. His state existed in modern [[Madhya Pradesh]], comprising the tehsils of [[Jaora]], Barauda, [[Tal, Madhya Pradesh|Tal]] and Barkhera, along with the dependencies of [[Piploda State|Piploda]] and [[Panth-Piploda Province|Panth-Piploda]].
* [[Palanpur State]] (1370–1948), Palanpur state was founded in 1370 by Malek Khurram Khan and was ruled by the Jhalore dynasty,<ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |title=Palanpur |access-date=2015-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115013656/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |archive-date=2018-01-15 |url-status=dead ))</ref> of the [[Lohani]] tribe a forebearer of the family is reputed to have wed the foster-sister of the Mughal emperor Akbar and received [[Palanpur]] and surrounding areas as dowry.
* [[Savanur State]] (1672–1948), Savanur State was founded in 1672 when Abdul Karim Khan, a Pathan of the Miyana or [[Miani (Pashtun tribe)|Miani]] tribe, in the service of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|sultanat of Bijapur]], was granted the jagir of Sarkar Bankapur near [[Bijapur]] in 1672. His successors ruled over extensive territories almost independently for over a century. However, [[Savanur]] was located between the increasing power of the Marathas and the equally powerful Nizam of Hyderabad, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, ofKingdom of Mysore which gradually eroded away Savanur's territory. By the second half of the eighteenth century, more than half of Savanur had been ceded to the Marathas. By the end of the century, Tipu Sultan had annexed the remainder. The occupation by the Kingdom of Mysore (Mahisur) had begun on 29 Oct 1786 and lasted until 17 December 1791. The name [[Savanur]] is said to be the corruption of the Persian/Urdu word Shahnoor, which means 'king of light'.<ref name="Azer">((cite news|last1=Azer|first1=Rahman|title=Nawabs and paan leaves|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/426201/nawabs-paan-leaves.html|access-date=16 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=19 August 2014))</ref>

===Princely Taluqdars, Jagirdars, Nawabs===

* [[Nanpara Taluqdari]] (1632–1947), the [[Nanpara]] principality was founded by a Rasul Khan, he was appointed keeper of the fort at [[Bahraich]] in 1632 by Emperor Shah Jahan in [[Bahraich District]]. He was also granted five villages as jagir, and these five villages formed the core of what was to become the Nanpara Taluqdari. His descendant, Karam Khan taking advantage of the collapse of Mughal authority in the early 18th century, extended his rule over pretty much the entire district.<ref>[[Pathans of Uttar Pradesh#Pathans of Bahraich Gonda and Balrampur District]]</ref> The Nanpara Taluqdari was one of the taluqdars (feudatory states) in British India. The title of "Raja" was conferred on the Nanpara House in 1763 by the Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula, the King of Oudh and has then recognized by British. With holding of 439 villages it was the largest Muslim taluqdars (landowners) in British India.<ref>[[Nanpara]]</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/n/nanpara.html |title=Nanpara |access-date=2015-03-04 |archive-date=2018-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228234247/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/n/nanpara.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Nawab of Mamdot|Mamdot Nawabi]] (1800–1947), Qutubuddin Khan, a [[Kheshgi]] and Chief of [[Kasur]] 1794/1807, [[Nawab of Mamdot]] 1800/1831 in [[Ferozepur district]] in [[Indian Punjab]]; he conquered [[Mamdot]] from the Rai of [[Raikot]] in 1800, but lost control of Kasur in 1807.  [[Jalalabad, Firozpur]] was founded by Nawab of [[Mamdot]] as its capital. [[Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot|Nawab Sir Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot]] was the largest [[Nawab|Muslim Nawab]] of the Punjab Chiefs.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ4BAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:bvoHyg01AV8C|title=A Book of Readings on the History of the Punjab: 1799–1947|date=1970|publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab|language=en|access-date=2021-12-02|archive-date=2022-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205184720/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ4BAAAAMAAJ&q=editions%3AbvoHyg01AV8C|url-status=live))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pashtun tribes]]
* [[military history of Afghanistan]]
* [[Military history of the North-West Frontier]]
* [[Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan]]
* [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent]]
* [[List of Muslim states and dynasties]]
* [[List of Sunni dynasties]]

==Notes==
((notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

((Pashtun nationalism|state=collapsed))

((DEFAULTSORT:List_of_Afghan_empires_and_dynasties))
[[Category:Pashtun dynasties| ]]
[[Category:Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Lists of dynasties|Pashtun]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

List of Pashtun empires and dynasties (edit)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:EI2 (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Efn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Notelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Pashtun (edit)
Template:Pashtun nationalism (edit)
Template:Pashtuns (edit)
Template:R/superscript (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:R/where (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Rp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to List of Pashtun empires and dynasties.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pashtun_empires_and_dynasties"