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From the Middle Ages until the Holocaust, Polish Jews comprised an appreciable part of Poland's population. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, known for its religious tolerance[1] and described as Paradisus Judaeorum (Latin for "Paradise of the Jews"),[2][3][4][5][6] had attracted tens of thousands of Jews who fled persecution from other European countries. Poland was a major spiritual and cultural center for Ashkenazi Jews.

At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million, some 10% of the general Polish population).[7] The vast majority were murdered under the Nazi "Final Solution" mass-extermination program in the Holocaust in Poland during the German occupation; only 369,000 (11%) of Poland's Jews survived the War.

The list below includes persons of Jewish faith or ancestry.

Historical figures

Politicians

Others

Graves of Polish Jews among the fallen soldiers of the Polish Defensive War of 1939; Powązki Cemetery, Warsaw

Sovereign Polish Armed Forces

Religious figures

Rabbis

Academics

Economists

Mathematicians

Philosophers

Sciences

Historians

Cultural figures

Artists

Musicians

Screen and stage

Writers and poets

Polish-language

Yiddish-language

Business figures

Sports

Baseball

Chess

Fencing

Football

Professional wrestling

Swimming

Track and field

Weightlifting

Holocaust survivors

See also

References

  1. ^ Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, From Counter-Reformation to Glorious Revolution, University of Chicago Press 1992, page 51. Quote: "Poland, at that time, was the most tolerant country in Europe." Also in Britain and the Netherlands by S. Groenveld, Michael J. Wintle; and in The exchange of ideas (Walburg Instituut, 1994).
  2. ^ Haumann, Heiko (2002-01-01). A History of East European Jews. Central European University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9789639241268.
  3. ^ Geller, Ewa (2018). "Yiddish 'Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum" from Early Modern Poland: A Humanistic Symbiosis of Latin Medicine and Jewish Thought". In Moskalewicz, Marcin; Caumanns, Ute; Dross, Fritz (eds.). Jewish Medicine and Healthcare in Central Eastern Europe. Springer. p. 20 (13–26). ISBN 9783319924809.
  4. ^ Despard, Matthew K. (2015-01-02). "In Search of a Polish Past". Jewish Quarterly. 62 (1): 40–43. doi:10.1080/0449010x.2015.1010393. ISSN 0449-010X.
  5. ^ Rosenfeld, Gavriel D. (September 2016). "Mixed Metaphors in Muranów: Holocaust Memory and Architectural Meaning at the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews". Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust. 30 (3): 258–273. doi:10.1080/23256249.2016.1242550. ISSN 2325-6249. S2CID 191753083.
  6. ^ Daniel Elphick (3 October 2019). Music behind the Iron Curtain: Weinberg and his Polish Contemporaries. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-108-49367-3.
  7. ^ "Poland Virtual Jewish History Tour". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise.
  8. ^ Menachem Begin – Biography
  9. ^ David Ben-Gurion The First Prime Minister
  10. ^ The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Burton
  11. ^ PRZEKRÓJ - Trzeci Kaczyński
  12. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Julian Klaczko
  13. ^ RP.pl: David Miliband
  14. ^ Factmonster: Namier
  15. ^ Shimon Peres – Biography
  16. ^ Yitzhak Shamir – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  17. ^ "Notes for an Autobiography". Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
  18. ^ Looking for The Political Graveyard?
  19. ^ Canadian Jewish News
  20. ^ Gaspar da Gama
  21. ^ Tributes to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht Archived 2005-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Annette Insdorf (1987-05-31). "Rosa Luxemburg: More Than a Revolutionary". The New York Times.
  23. ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: born in Poland of Jewish parents
  24. ^ British Dictionary of National Biography
  25. ^ a b Concise Dictionary of National Biography
  26. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia Archived 2008-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Elijah Ba'al Shem
  28. ^ Crosswhite, James (2013). Deep Rhetoric: Philosophy, Reason, Violence, Justice, Wisdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0226016344.
  29. ^ Jewish Nobel Prize Winners
  30. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jacob Talmon
  31. ^ The Mendele Review: Yiddish Literature and Language
  32. ^ Richard McBee, “Itshak Holtz: Jewish Genre Painting,” The Jewish Press, July 4, 2003.
  33. ^ Kirshenblatt, Mayer and Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. They called me Mayer July: Painted memories of a Jewish childhood in Poland before the Holocaust. University of California Press. Los Angeles:2007.
  34. ^ British Concise Dictionary of National Biography
  35. ^ Stars of David Audio Encyclopedia
  36. ^ "Slawomir Kowalinski", Wikipedia (in German), 2022-02-25, retrieved 2022-03-19
  37. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  38. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  39. ^ "YIVO | Ford, Aleksander".
  40. ^ a b Hoberman, J. "Cinema." YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe 2 August 2010.<http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Cinema>. Accessed 7 July 2012.
  41. ^ "YIVO | Cinema".
  42. ^ Cohen, Roger (1993-08-08). "Holland Without a Country". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
  43. ^ Jewish Film Festival
  44. ^ Jewish Film Festival
  45. ^ Zyciorysy.info: Krzysztof Kowalewski
  46. ^ IMDb: Roman Polanski
  47. ^ Jewish Women's Archive
  48. ^ "Piotr Skrzynecki". Archived from the original on 2006-12-08. Retrieved 2006-11-28.
  49. ^ "British Express Concern About Fate of Jerzy Toeplitz, Polish Film Figure." Jewish Telegraphic Agency 20 May 1968.
  50. ^ Jewish Film Festival
  51. ^ Samuel Blumenfeld, L'homme qui voulait être prince: les vies imaginaires de Michal Waszynski (Paris: B. Grasset, 2006).
  52. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  53. ^ Kazimierz Brandys – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  54. ^ YIVO: Boleslaw Lesmian
  55. ^ List Teodora Parnickiego do Jerzego Giedroycia
  56. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Stern, Anatol
  57. ^ David Frum on National Review Online
  58. ^ Aleksander Wat: Life and Art of an Iconoclast
  59. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  60. ^ a b c d Classical Yiddish Authors
  61. ^ "Candia, Isaac B. Saul Chmelniker - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2017-09-05.
  62. ^ Warsaw Stories: Peretz
  63. ^ YIVO: Aleksander Zederbaum
  64. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  65. ^ Tom Gross Mideast Media Archive: Henry Orenstein
  66. ^ Dia-Pozytyw: Ludzie Sylwetki Biografie
  67. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica; immigrated to France
  68. ^ Ezra Mendelsohn (2009). Jews and the Sporting Life: Studies in Contemporary Jewry XXIII. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-538291-4. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
  69. ^ Eldad Beck (August 9, 2010). "Anti-Semitism feared ahead of Euro 2012". European Jewish Congress. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
  70. ^ Tom Archdeacon (April 26, 1998). "Memories never dim from Games of Shame; Message of "Nazi Olympics'still vital". The Denver Post. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
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