Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places, mainly in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.

Albania

Albania Albaniya (Албания)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Tirana	Tirana (Тирана)	Tiranë	Albanian

Austria

Austria Avstriya (Австрия)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Carinthia	Karintiya (Каринтия)	Kärnten	German
Styria	Shtiriya (Штирия)	Steiermark	German
Vienna	Vena (Вена)	Wien	German

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan Azerbaidjan (Азербайджан)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Adsiz Ada	Bezımyannıy (Безымянный)	Adsız ada	Azerbaijani
Baku	Baku (Баку)	Bakı	Azerbaijani
Boyuk Zira	Narqin (Наргин)	Böyük Zirə	Azerbaijani
Vulf	Volf (Вольф)	Daş Zirə	Azerbaijani
Pirallahi İsland	Artyom, Svyatoy ostrov (Артём, Святой остров)	Pirallahı adası	Azerbaijani
Stepanakert	Stepanakert (Степанакерт)	Xankəndi	Azerbaijani
Liman	Port-Elich (Порт-Илич)
Ganja	Yelizavetpol, Kirovabad (Елизаветпол, Кировабад)	Gəncə	Azerbaijani
Nakhchevan	Nakhichevan (Нахичевань)	Naxçıvan	Azerbaijani

Belgium

Belgium Bel'giya (Бельгия)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Flanders	Flandriya (Фландрия)	Vlaanderen	Dutch

China

China Kitay (Китай)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Beijin	Pekin, Beytszyn (Пекин, Бэйцзин)	北京 (Běijīng)	Mandarin
Macao	Makao, Aomyn' (Макао, Аомынь)	澳门/澳門 (Àomén)	Mandarin
Nanjing	Nankin, Nantszin (Нанкин, Наньцзин)	南京 (Nánjīng)	Mandarin

Cuba

Cuba Kuba (Куба)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Havana	Gavana (Гавана)	La Habana	Spanish

Cyprus

Cyprus Kipr (Кипр)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Famagusta	Famagusta (Фамагуста)	Αμμόχωστος (Ammóchostos)	Greek
		Gazimağusa	Turkish
Nicosia	Nikosiya (Никосия)	Lefkoşa	Turkish
		Λευκωσία (Levkosía)	Greek

Czech Republic

Czech Republic Chekhiya (Чехия)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bohemia	Bogemiya (Богемия)	Čechy	Czech
Moravia	Moraviya (Моравия)	Morava	Czech
Prague	Praga (Прага)	Praha	Czech
Silesia	Sileziya (Силезия)	Ślōnsk	Silesian

Denmark

Denmark Дания/Daniya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Copenhagen	Kopengagen (Копенгаген)	København	Danish
Jutland	Yutlandiya (Ютландия)	Jylland	Danish

Egypt

Egypt
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Alexandria	Alexsanriya (Александрия)	(Al-Iskandariyya) الإسكندرية	Arabic
Cairo	Kair (Каир)	(Al-Qāhirah) القاهرة	Arabic
Luxor	Luksor (Луксор)	(Al-Uqṣur) الأقصر	Arabic
Suez	Suets (Суэц)	(As-Suways) السويس	Arabic

Estonia

Estonia Эстония/Eestohnya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Narva	Rugodiv (Ругодив)
Tallinn	Kolyvan' (Колывань)

France

France
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Cannes	Kanny (Канны)	Canas	Occitan
Nice	Nitstsa (Ницца)	Niça	Occitan
Paris	Parizh (Париж)

Germany

Germany
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bavaria	Bavariya (Бавария)	Bayern	German
Pomerania	Pomeraniya (Померания)	Pommern	German
Prussia	Prussiya (Пруссия)	Preußen	German
Saarland	Saar (Саар)
Saxony	Saksoniya (Саксония)	Sachsen	German
Silesia	Sileziya (Силезия)	Ślōnsk	Silesian
Swabia	Shvabiya (Швабия)	Schwaben	German
Westphalia	Vestfaliya (Вестфалия)	Westfalen	German

Greece

Greece Греция/Gretsiya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Athens	Afiny (Афины)	Athína (Αθήνα)	Greek
Corfu	Korfu (Корфу)	Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)	Greek
Corinth	Korinf (Коринф)	Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)	Greek
Ioannina	Yanina (Янина)	Ioánnina (Ιωάννινα)	Greek
Piraeus	Pirey (Пирей)	Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)	Greek
Thebes	Fivy (Фивы)	Thíva (Θήβα)	Greek
Thessalia	Fessaliya (Фессалия)	Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)	Greek
Thessaloniki	Saloniki (Салоники)	Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)	Greek
Thrace	Frankiy (Фракия)	Thráki (Θράκη)	Greek

Iran

Iran
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Tehran	Tegeran (Тегеран)	تهران (Tehrān)	Persian

Israel

Israel
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Jerusalem	Iyerusalim (Иерусалим)	יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim)	Hebrew
		القُدس (Al-Quds)	Arabic
Nazareth	Nazaret (Назарет)	נָצְרַת (Natsrat)	Hebrew

Italy

Italy
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Florence	Флоренция/Florentsiya	Firenze	Italian
Genoa	Генуя/Genuya	Zêna	Ligurian
Naples	Неаполь/Neapol'	Napule	Neapolitan
Padua	Падуя/Paduya	Pàdova	Venetian
Rome	Рим/Rim	Roma	Italian

Latvia

Latvia
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Koknese	Kukeynos (Кукейнос)

Lithuania

Lithuania Литва/Litva
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Kaunas	Kovno (Ковно)			Obsolete
Vilnius	Vilna, Vilno (Вильна, Вильно)			Obsolete

Libya

Libya Ливия/Liviya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Tripoli	Tripoli (Триполи)	Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)	Arabic

Mali

Mali
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Timbuktu	Timbuktu (Тимбукту)	Tumbutu	Western Songhay

Moldova

Moldova Молдавия/Moldaviya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bălţi	Bel'tsy (Бельцы)
Besarabeasca	Bessarabka (Бессарабка)
Chişinău	Kishinyov (Кишинёв)
Edineţ	Edintsy (Единцы)
Orhei	Orgeyev (Оргеев)
Otaci	Ataki (Атаки)
Soroca	Soroki (Сороки)
Tighina	Bendery (Бендеры)

Mongolia

Mongolia Монголия/Mongoliya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Sükhbaatar	Sukhe-Bator (Сухэ-Батор)
Ulanbaatar	Ulan-Bator (Улан-Батор)

Morocco

Morocco Марокко/Marokko
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Casablanca	Kasablanka (Касабланка)	Ad-Dar Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)	Arabic
Tangier	Tanzher (Танжер)	Ṭanja (طنجة)	Arabic

Netherlands

Netherlands
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
The Hague	Gaaga (Гаага)	Den Haag	Dutch

North Korea

North Korea
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Pyongyang	Pken'yan (Пхеньян)

Palestine

Palestine
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bethlehem	Vifleyem (Вифлеем)	بيت لحم (Beit Lahm)	Arabic
Jericho	Iyerikhon (Иерихон)	أريحا (Arīḥā)	Arabic
Jerusalem	Iyerusalim (Иерусалим)	القُدس (Al-Quds)	Arabic
		יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushaláyim)	Hebrew

Poland

Poland Польша/Pol'sha
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Augustów	Avgustov (Августов)
Białystok	Belostok (Белосток)
Galicia	Galitsiya (Галиция)
Kashubia	Kashubiya (Кашубия)	Kaszëbë	Kashubian
Łódz	Lodz' (Лодзь)
Mazovia	Mazoviya (Мазовия)	Mazowsze	Polish
Pomerania	Pomerania (Померания)	Pomorze	Polish
Silesia	Sileziya (Силезия)	Ślōnsk	Silesian

Portugal

Portugal
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Lisbon	Lissabon (Лиссабон)	Lisboa	Portuguese

Romania

Romania Румыния/Rumyniya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bucharest	Bukharest (Бухарест)	Bucureşti	Romanian
Iaşi	Yassy (Яссы)	Iaşi	Romanian

Serbia

Serbia Сербия/Serbiya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Belgrad	Belgrad (Белград)	Beograd	Serbian

South Korea

South Korea
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Incheon	Inchkhon (Инчхон)

Sweden

Sweden Швеция/Shvetsiya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Stockholm	Stokgol'm, Stekolnaya (Cтокгольм, Стекольня)

Switzerland

Switzerland Швейцария/Shveytsariya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Geneva	Zheneva (Женева)	Genève	French
Lausanne	Lozanna (Лозанна)	Lausanne	French

Syria

Syria Сирия/Siriya
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Damascus	Damask (Дамаск)	دمشق (Dimašq)	Arabic

Thailand

Thailand Таиланд/Tailand
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bangkok	Bangkok (Бангкок)	Krung Thep (กรุงเทพฯ)	Thai

Turkey

Turkey Turtsiya (Турция)
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Istanbul	Stambul, Tsargrad (Стамбул, Царьград)	İstanbul	Turkish

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Ashgabat	Ashkhabad (Ашхабад)	Aşgabat	Turkmen
Garabogaz	Karabogaz (Карабогаз)
Serhetabat	Kushka (Кушка)

Ukraine

Ukraine
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Kyiv	Kiev(Киев)	Київ (Kyiv)	Ukrainian
Mykolaiv	Nikolayev (Николаев)	Миколаїв (Mykolaiv)	Ukrainian

United Kingdom

United Kingdom
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
England	Angliya (Англия)
Scotland	Shotlandiya (Шотландия)

United States

United States
English name	Russian name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
New Orleans	Novyy Orlean (Новый Орлеан)
Texas	Tekhas (Техас)